ID CP2U1_HUMAN Reviewed; 544 AA. AC Q7Z449; B2RMV7; Q96EQ6; DT 26-JUN-2007, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 01-OCT-2003, sequence version 1. DT 27-MAR-2024, entry version 176. DE RecName: Full=Cytochrome P450 2U1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:24563460}; DE AltName: Full=Long-chain fatty acid omega-monooxygenase {ECO:0000305|PubMed:24563460}; DE EC=1.14.14.80 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14660610, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24563460}; GN Name=CYP2U1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:14660610, GN ECO:0000312|HGNC:HGNC:20582}; OS Homo sapiens (Human). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; OC Homo. OX NCBI_TaxID=9606; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, RP TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, AND PATHWAY. RC TISSUE=Thymus; RX PubMed=14660610; DOI=10.1074/jbc.m311830200; RA Chuang S.S., Helvig C., Taimi M., Ramshaw H.A., Collop A.H., Amad M., RA White J.A., Petkovich M., Jones G., Korczak B.; RT "CYP2U1, a novel human thymus- and brain-specific cytochrome P450, RT catalyzes omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylation of fatty acids."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 279:6305-6314(2004). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RA Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., RA Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., RA Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., RA Turner R., Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., RA Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., RA Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., RA Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C.; RL Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2). RC TISSUE=Brain, and Mammary gland; RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; RG The MGC Project Team; RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: RT the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."; RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004). RN [4] RP TISSUE SPECIFICITY. RX PubMed=14975754; DOI=10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.01.110; RA Karlgren M., Backlund M., Johansson I., Oscarson M., Ingelman-Sundberg M.; RT "Characterization and tissue distribution of a novel human cytochrome P450- RT CYP2U1."; RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 315:679-685(2004). RN [5] RP TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE. RX PubMed=15752708; DOI=10.1016/j.abb.2005.02.001; RA Choudhary D., Jansson I., Stoilov I., Sarfarazi M., Schenkman J.B.; RT "Expression patterns of mouse and human CYP orthologs (families 1-4) during RT development and in different adult tissues."; RL Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 436:50-61(2005). RN [6] RP FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, COFACTOR, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 60-544, AND PATHWAY. RX PubMed=24563460; DOI=10.1074/jbc.m114.550004; RA Siller M., Goyal S., Yoshimoto F.K., Xiao Y., Wei S., Guengerich F.P.; RT "Oxidation of endogenous N-arachidonoylserotonin by human cytochrome P450 RT 2U1."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 289:10476-10487(2014). RN [7] RP VARIANTS SPG56 ARG-262; VAL-316; GLY-380 AND TRP-488, AND SUBCELLULAR RP LOCATION. RX PubMed=23176821; DOI=10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.11.001; RA Tesson C., Nawara M., Salih M.A., Rossignol R., Zaki M.S., Al Balwi M., RA Schule R., Mignot C., Obre E., Bouhouche A., Santorelli F.M., Durand C.M., RA Oteyza A.C., El-Hachimi K.H., Al Drees A., Bouslam N., Lamari F., RA Elmalik S.A., Kabiraj M.M., Seidahmed M.Z., Esteves T., Gaussen M., RA Monin M.L., Gyapay G., Lechner D., Gonzalez M., Depienne C., Mochel F., RA Lavie J., Schols L., Lacombe D., Yahyaoui M., Al Abdulkareem I., RA Zuchner S., Yamashita A., Benomar A., Goizet C., Durr A., Gleeson J.G., RA Darios F., Brice A., Stevanin G.; RT "Alteration of fatty-acid-metabolizing enzymes affects mitochondrial form RT and function in hereditary spastic paraplegia."; RL Am. J. Hum. Genet. 91:1051-1064(2012). CC -!- FUNCTION: A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of CC arachidonic acid and its conjugates (PubMed:14660610, PubMed:24563460). CC Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a CC substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two CC electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR; NADPH- CC ferrihemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:14660610, PubMed:24563460). Acts as CC an omega and omega-1 hydroxylase for arachidonic acid and possibly for CC other long chain fatty acids. May modulate the arachidonic acid CC signaling pathway and play a role in other fatty acid signaling CC processes (PubMed:14660610, PubMed:24563460). May down-regulate the CC biological activities of N-arachidonoyl-serotonin, an endocannabinoid CC that has anti-nociceptive effects through inhibition of fatty acid CC amide hydrolase FAAH, TRPV1 receptor and T-type calcium channels. CC Catalyzes C-2 oxidation of the indole ring of N-arachidonoyl-serotonin CC forming a less active product 2-oxo-N-arachidonoyl-serotonin CC (PubMed:24563460). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14660610, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:24563460}. CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=an omega-methyl-long-chain fatty acid + O2 + reduced CC [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = an omega-hydroxy-long-chain fatty CC acid + H(+) + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase]; CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:56748, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:11964, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:11965, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:57618, ChEBI:CHEBI:58210, ChEBI:CHEBI:140991, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:140992; EC=1.14.14.80; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:14660610, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24563460}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:56749; CC Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:14660610, ECO:0000305|PubMed:24563460}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 + reduced CC [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = 19-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)- CC eicosatetraenoate + H(+) + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein CC reductase]; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:39759, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:11964, Rhea:RHEA- CC COMP:11965, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:32395, ChEBI:CHEBI:57618, ChEBI:CHEBI:58210, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:76627; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:14660610, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:24563460}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:39760; CC Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:14660610, ECO:0000305|PubMed:24563460}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 + reduced CC [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = 20-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)- CC eicosatetraenoate + H(+) + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein CC reductase]; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:39755, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:11964, Rhea:RHEA- CC COMP:11965, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:32395, ChEBI:CHEBI:57618, ChEBI:CHEBI:58210, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:76624; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:14660610, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:24563460}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:39756; CC Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:14660610, ECO:0000305|PubMed:24563460}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=N-[(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-serotonin + O2 + reduced CC [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = 2-oxo-N-[(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)- CC eicosatetraenoyl]-serotonin + H(+) + H2O + oxidized CC [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase]; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:50296, Rhea:RHEA- CC COMP:11964, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:11965, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:57618, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:58210, ChEBI:CHEBI:132255, ChEBI:CHEBI:132256; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:24563460}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:50297; CC Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:24563460}; CC -!- COFACTOR: CC Name=heme; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:30413; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:24563460}; CC -!- BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: CC Kinetic parameters: CC KM=2.7 uM for arachidonic acid; CC KM=82 uM for N-arachidonoylserotonin {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24563460}; CC -!- PATHWAY: Lipid metabolism; arachidonate metabolism. CC {ECO:0000305|PubMed:14660610, ECO:0000305|PubMed:24563460}. CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14660610}; Multi-pass membrane protein CC {ECO:0000255}. Microsome membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14660610}; Multi- CC pass membrane protein {ECO:0000255}. Mitochondrion inner membrane CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23176821}; Multi-pass membrane protein CC {ECO:0000255}. CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2; CC Name=1; CC IsoId=Q7Z449-1; Sequence=Displayed; CC Name=2; CC IsoId=Q7Z449-2; Sequence=VSP_026222, VSP_026223; CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Widely expressed with stronger expression in CC thymus, heart and cerebellum. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14660610, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:14975754, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15752708}. CC -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Expressed in fetal thymus. CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14660610, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15752708}. CC -!- DISEASE: Spastic paraplegia 56, autosomal recessive, with or without CC pseudoxanthoma elasticum (SPG56) [MIM:615030]: A form of spastic CC paraplegia, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a slow, CC gradual, progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs. Rate CC of progression and the severity of symptoms are quite variable. Initial CC symptoms may include difficulty with balance, weakness and stiffness in CC the legs, muscle spasms, and dragging the toes when walking. CC Complicated forms are recognized by additional variable features CC including spastic quadriparesis, seizures, dementia, amyotrophy, CC extrapyramidal disturbance, cerebral or cerebellar atrophy, optic CC atrophy, and peripheral neuropathy, as well as by extra neurological CC manifestations. In SPG56, upper limbs are often also affected. Some CC SPG56 patients may have a subclinical axonal neuropathy; others also CC have pseudoxanthoma elasticum. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23176821}. Note=The CC disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this CC entry. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. {ECO:0000305}. CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; AY343323; AAQ21380.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; CH471057; EAX06216.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; BC012027; AAH12027.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC132767; AAI32768.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC136483; AAI36484.1; -; mRNA. DR CCDS; CCDS34047.1; -. [Q7Z449-1] DR RefSeq; NP_898898.1; NM_183075.2. [Q7Z449-1] DR AlphaFoldDB; Q7Z449; -. DR SMR; Q7Z449; -. DR BioGRID; 125252; 6. DR IntAct; Q7Z449; 2. DR STRING; 9606.ENSP00000333212; -. DR BindingDB; Q7Z449; -. DR ChEMBL; CHEMBL4523986; -. DR SwissLipids; SLP:000001048; -. DR iPTMnet; Q7Z449; -. DR PhosphoSitePlus; Q7Z449; -. DR BioMuta; CYP2U1; -. DR DMDM; 74762432; -. DR EPD; Q7Z449; -. DR jPOST; Q7Z449; -. DR MassIVE; Q7Z449; -. DR MaxQB; Q7Z449; -. DR PaxDb; 9606-ENSP00000333212; -. DR PeptideAtlas; Q7Z449; -. DR ProteomicsDB; 69149; -. [Q7Z449-1] DR ProteomicsDB; 69150; -. [Q7Z449-2] DR Pumba; Q7Z449; -. DR Antibodypedia; 26251; 171 antibodies from 25 providers. DR DNASU; 113612; -. DR Ensembl; ENST00000332884.11; ENSP00000333212.6; ENSG00000155016.18. [Q7Z449-1] DR GeneID; 113612; -. DR KEGG; hsa:113612; -. DR MANE-Select; ENST00000332884.11; ENSP00000333212.6; NM_183075.3; NP_898898.1. DR UCSC; uc003hyp.4; human. [Q7Z449-1] DR AGR; HGNC:20582; -. DR CTD; 113612; -. DR DisGeNET; 113612; -. DR GeneCards; CYP2U1; -. DR HGNC; HGNC:20582; CYP2U1. DR HPA; ENSG00000155016; Tissue enriched (lymphoid). DR MalaCards; CYP2U1; -. DR MIM; 610670; gene. DR MIM; 615030; phenotype. DR neXtProt; NX_Q7Z449; -. DR OpenTargets; ENSG00000155016; -. DR Orphanet; 320411; Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 56. DR PharmGKB; PA134924269; -. DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000155016; -. DR eggNOG; KOG0156; Eukaryota. DR GeneTree; ENSGT00940000157714; -. DR HOGENOM; CLU_001570_22_3_1; -. DR InParanoid; Q7Z449; -. DR OMA; EPCIQQG; -. DR OrthoDB; 2900138at2759; -. DR PhylomeDB; Q7Z449; -. DR TreeFam; TF352043; -. DR PathwayCommons; Q7Z449; -. DR Reactome; R-HSA-211958; Miscellaneous substrates. DR Reactome; R-HSA-2142816; Synthesis of (16-20)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE). DR Reactome; R-HSA-5579011; Defective CYP2U1 causes SPG56. DR SABIO-RK; Q7Z449; -. DR SignaLink; Q7Z449; -. DR UniPathway; UPA00383; -. DR BioGRID-ORCS; 113612; 13 hits in 1153 CRISPR screens. DR ChiTaRS; CYP2U1; human. DR GeneWiki; CYP2U1; -. DR GenomeRNAi; 113612; -. DR Pharos; Q7Z449; Tbio. DR PRO; PR:Q7Z449; -. DR Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 4. DR RNAct; Q7Z449; Protein. DR Bgee; ENSG00000155016; Expressed in thymus and 181 other cell types or tissues. DR ExpressionAtlas; Q7Z449; baseline and differential. DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0005789; C:endoplasmic reticulum membrane; TAS:Reactome. DR GO; GO:0043231; C:intracellular membrane-bounded organelle; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0005743; C:mitochondrial inner membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell. DR GO; GO:0052869; F:arachidonic acid omega-hydroxylase activity; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0020037; F:heme binding; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0005506; F:iron ion binding; IEA:InterPro. DR GO; GO:0102033; F:long-chain fatty acid omega-hydroxylase activity; IEA:UniProtKB-EC. DR GO; GO:0004497; F:monooxygenase activity; TAS:Reactome. DR GO; GO:0016712; F:oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0008395; F:steroid hydroxylase activity; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:1903604; P:cytochrome metabolic process; TAS:Reactome. DR GO; GO:0097267; P:omega-hydroxylase P450 pathway; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0006082; P:organic acid metabolic process; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0006805; P:xenobiotic metabolic process; IBA:GO_Central. DR CDD; cd20666; CYP2U1; 1. DR Gene3D; 1.10.630.10; Cytochrome P450; 1. DR InterPro; IPR001128; Cyt_P450. DR InterPro; IPR017972; Cyt_P450_CS. DR InterPro; IPR002401; Cyt_P450_E_grp-I. DR InterPro; IPR008069; Cyt_P450_E_grp-I_CYP2D-like. DR InterPro; IPR036396; Cyt_P450_sf. DR PANTHER; PTHR24300:SF281; CYTOCHROME P450 2U1; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR24300; CYTOCHROME P450 508A4-RELATED; 1. DR Pfam; PF00067; p450; 1. DR PRINTS; PR00463; EP450I. DR PRINTS; PR01686; EP450ICYP2D. DR PRINTS; PR00385; P450. DR SUPFAM; SSF48264; Cytochrome P450; 1. DR PROSITE; PS00086; CYTOCHROME_P450; 1. DR Genevisible; Q7Z449; HS. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW Alternative splicing; Direct protein sequencing; Disease variant; KW Endoplasmic reticulum; Heme; Hereditary spastic paraplegia; Iron; KW Lipid metabolism; Membrane; Metal-binding; Microsome; Mitochondrion; KW Mitochondrion inner membrane; Monooxygenase; Neurodegeneration; KW Oxidoreductase; Reference proteome; Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix. FT CHAIN 1..544 FT /note="Cytochrome P450 2U1" FT /id="PRO_0000291756" FT TRANSMEM 30..50 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TRANSMEM 113..133 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TRANSMEM 261..281 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TRANSMEM 342..362 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TRANSMEM 495..515 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT BINDING 490 FT /ligand="heme" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:30413" FT /ligand_part="Fe" FT /ligand_part_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18248" FT /note="axial binding residue" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250" FT VAR_SEQ 164..168 FT /note="GVVFA -> ELFQE (in isoform 2)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:15489334" FT /id="VSP_026222" FT VAR_SEQ 169..544 FT /note="Missing (in isoform 2)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:15489334" FT /id="VSP_026223" FT VARIANT 262 FT /note="C -> R (in SPG56; dbSNP:rs397514515)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:23176821" FT /id="VAR_069575" FT VARIANT 316 FT /note="D -> V (in SPG56; dbSNP:rs397514513)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:23176821" FT /id="VAR_069576" FT VARIANT 380 FT /note="E -> G (in SPG56; dbSNP:rs397514514)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:23176821" FT /id="VAR_069577" FT VARIANT 488 FT /note="R -> W (in SPG56; dbSNP:rs141431913)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:23176821" FT /id="VAR_069578" SQ SEQUENCE 544 AA; 61987 MW; 01A0729318605770 CRC64; MSSPGPSQPP AEDPPWPARL LRAPLGLLRL DPSGGALLLC GLVALLGWSW LRRRRARGIP PGPTPWPLVG NFGHVLLPPF LRRRSWLSSR TRAAGIDPSV IGPQVLLAHL ARVYGSIFSF FIGHYLVVVL SDFHSVREAL VQQAEVFSDR PRVPLISIVT KEKGVVFAHY GPVWRQQRKF SHSTLRHFGL GKLSLEPKII EEFKYVKAEM QKHGEDPFCP FSIISNAVSN IICSLCFGQR FDYTNSEFKK MLGFMSRGLE ICLNSQVLLV NICPWLYYLP FGPFKELRQI EKDITSFLKK IIKDHQESLD RENPQDFIDM YLLHMEEERK NNSNSSFDEE YLFYIIGDLF IAGTDTTTNS LLWCLLYMSL NPDVQEKVHE EIERVIGANR APSLTDKAQM PYTEATIMEV QRLTVVVPLA IPHMTSENTV LQGYTIPKGT LILPNLWSVH RDPAIWEKPE DFYPNRFLDD QGQLIKKETF IPFGIGKRVC MGEQLAKMEL FLMFVSLMQS FAFALPEDSK KPLLTGRFGL TLAPHPFNIT ISRR //