Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q7L8A9 (VASH1_HUMAN)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Vasohibin-1

Gene names

Name:	VASH1
Synonyms:	KIAA1036, VASH

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human)

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	365 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Angiogenesis inhibitor. Inhibits migration, proliferation and network formation by endothelial cells as well as angiogenesis. This inhibitory effect is selective to endothelial cells as it does not affect the migration of smooth muscle cells or fibroblasts. Does not affect the proliferation of cancer cells in vitro, but inhibits tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis. Acts in an autocrine manner. Inhibits artery neointimal formation and macrophage infiltration. Exhibits heparin-binding activity.
Subcellular location	Secreted.
Tissue specificity	Preferentially expressed in endothelial cells. Highly expressed in fetal organs. Expressed in brain and placenta, and at lower level in heart and kidney. Highly detected in microvessels endothelial cells of atherosclerotic lesions.
Induction	By VEGF.
Post-translational modification	2 major forms (42 and 36 kDa) and 2 minors (32 and 27 kDa) may be processed by proteolytic cleavage. The largest form (42 kDa) seems to be secreted and the other major form (63 kDa) seems to accumulate within the cells or pericellular milieu. Polypeptide consisting of Met-77 to Arg-318 may correspond to the 27 kDa form and that consisting of Met-77 to Val-365 may correspond to the 36 kDa form.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the vasohibin family.
Caution	Although probably secreted, it lacks a canonical signal sequence.
Sequence caution	The sequence AAD44361.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous gene model prediction.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Cell cycle Growth arrest
Cellular component	Secreted
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative splicing
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	cell cycle arrest Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW negative regulation of angiogenesis Ref.5 Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration Ref.5 Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation Ref.5 Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB
Cellular component	endoplasmic reticulum Ref.5 Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB extracellular space Ref.5 Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB nucleus Inferred from direct assay. Source: HPA
Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]

Isoform 1 (identifier: Q7L8A9-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Isoform 2 (identifier: Q7L8A9-2)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     177-204: IYLTNSMPTLERFPISFKTYFSGNYFRH → MYPSSPEGEGSGLLWASASCSESEGGVG
     205-365: Missing.

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 365	365	Vasohibin-1		PRO_0000189980
Regions
	Region	319 – 365	47	Involved in heparin-binding and antiangiogenic activity
Sites
	Site	29 – 30	2	Cleavage Probable
	Site	76 – 77	2	Cleavage Probable
Natural variations
	Alternative sequence	177 – 204	28	IYLTN…NYFRH → MYPSSPEGEGSGLLWASASC SESEGGVG in isoform 2.		VSP_013324
	Alternative sequence	205 – 365	161	Missing in isoform 2.		VSP_013325
Experimental info
	Mutagenesis	29	1	R → A: Disappearance of 42 kDa processed form
	Mutagenesis	76	1	R → A: Disappearance of 36, 32 and 27 kDa processed forms

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform 1 [UniParc]. Last modified July 5, 2004. Version 1. Checksum: CEE39875FA9DA70B	FASTA	365	40,957
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MPGGKKVAGG GSSGATPTSA AATAPSGVRR LETSEGTSAQ RDEEPEEEGE EDLRDGGVPF 70 80 90 100 110 120 FVNRGGLPVD EATWERMWKH VAKIHPDGEK VAQRIRGATD LPKIPIPSVP TFQPSTPVPE 130 140 150 160 170 180 RLEAVQRYIR ELQYNHTGTQ FFEIKKSRPL TGLMDLAKEM TKEALPIKCL EAVILGIYLT 190 200 210 220 230 240 NSMPTLERFP ISFKTYFSGN YFRHIVLGVN FAGRYGALGM SRREDLMYKP PAFRTLSELV 250 260 270 280 290 300 LDFEAAYGRC WHVLKKVKLG QSVSHDPHSV EQIEWKHSVL DVERLGRDDF RKELERHARD 310 320 330 340 350 360 MRLKIGKGTG PPSPTKDRKK DVSSPQRAQS SPHRRNSRSE RRPSGDKKTS EPKAMPDLNG YQIRV
	Isoform 2 [UniParc]. Checksum: CE4652CF401BBA85		204	21,845
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MPGGKKVAGG GSSGATPTSA AATAPSGVRR LETSEGTSAQ RDEEPEEEGE EDLRDGGVPF 70 80 90 100 110 120 FVNRGGLPVD EATWERMWKH VAKIHPDGEK VAQRIRGATD LPKIPIPSVP TFQPSTPVPE 130 140 150 160 170 180 RLEAVQRYIR ELQYNHTGTQ FFEIKKSRPL TGLMDLAKEM TKEALPIKCL EAVILGMYPS 190 200 SPEGEGSGLL WASASCSESE GGVG

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XIV. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro." Kikuno R., Nagase T., Ishikawa K., Hirosawa M., Miyajima N., Tanaka A., Kotani H., Nomura N., Ohara O. DNA Res. 6:197-205(1999) [PubMed: 10470851] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Brain.
[2]	The German cDNA consortium Submitted (JUN-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Spinal cord.
[3]	"The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14." Heilig R., Eckenberg R., Petit J.-L., Fonknechten N., Da Silva C., Cattolico L., Levy M., Barbe V., De Berardinis V., Ureta-Vidal A., Pelletier E., Vico V., Anthouard V., Rowen L., Madan A., Qin S., Sun H., Du H. , Pepin K., Artiguenave F., Robert C., Cruaud C., Bruels T., Jaillon O., Friedlander L., Samson G., Brottier P., Cure S., Segurens B., Aniere F., Samain S., Crespeau H., Abbasi N., Aiach N., Boscus D., Dickhoff R., Dors M., Dubois I., Friedman C., Gouyvenoux M., James R., Madan A., Mairey-Estrada B., Mangenot S., Martins N., Menard M., Oztas S., Ratcliffe A., Shaffer T., Trask B., Vacherie B., Bellemere C., Belser C., Besnard-Gonnet M., Bartol-Mavel D., Boutard M., Briez-Silla S., Combette S., Dufosse-Laurent V., Ferron C., Lechaplais C., Louesse C., Muselet D., Magdelenat G., Pateau E., Petit E., Sirvain-Trukniewicz P., Trybou A., Vega-Czarny N., Bataille E., Bluet E., Bordelais I., Dubois M., Dumont C., Guerin T., Haffray S., Hammadi R., Muanga J., Pellouin V., Robert D., Wunderle E., Gauguet G., Roy A., Sainte-Marthe L., Verdier J., Verdier-Discala C., Hillier L.W., Fulton L., McPherson J., Matsuda F., Wilson R., Scarpelli C., Gyapay G., Wincker P., Saurin W., Quetier F., Waterston R., Hood L., Weissenbach J. Nature 421:601-607(2003) [PubMed: 12508121] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[4]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2). Tissue: Brain.
[5]	"Vasohibin as an endothelium-derived negative feedback regulator of angiogenesis." Watanabe K., Hasegawa Y., Yamashita H., Shimizu K., Ding Y., Abe M., Ohta H., Imagawa K., Hojo K., Maki H., Sonoda H., Sato Y. J. Clin. Invest. 114:898-907(2004) [PubMed: 15467828] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INDUCTION.
[6]	"Gene regulation of a novel angiogenesis inhibitor, vasohibin, in endothelial cells." Shimizu K., Watanabe K., Yamashita H., Abe M., Yoshimatsu H., Ohta H., Sonoda H., Sato Y. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 327:700-706(2005) [PubMed: 15649403] [Abstract] Cited for: ALTERNATIVE SPLICING, INDUCTION.
[7]	"Multiple processing forms and their biological activities of a novel angiogenesis inhibitor vasohibin." Sonoda H., Ohta H., Watanabe K., Yamashita H., Kimura H., Sato Y. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 342:640-646(2006) [PubMed: 16488400] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, CLEAVAGE SITE, REGION, MUTAGENESIS OF ARG-29 AND ARG-76.
[8]	"Vasohibin prevents arterial neointimal formation through angiogenesis inhibition." Yamashita H., Abe M., Watanabe K., Shimizu K., Moriya T., Sato A., Satomi S., Ohta H., Sonoda H., Sato Y. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 345:919-925(2006) [PubMed: 16707096] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	AB028959 mRNA. Translation: BAA82988.2. Different initiation. AL832588 mRNA. Translation: CAD89941.1. AC007376 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAF02829.1. AF111169 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAD44361.1. Sequence problems. BC009031 mRNA. Translation: AAH09031.1. BC051896 mRNA. Translation: AAH51896.1.
RefSeq	NP_055724.1.
UniGene	Hs.525479
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	Q7L8A9.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENSG00000071246. Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
GeneID	22846.
KEGG	hsa:22846.
Organism-specific databases
H-InvDB	HIX0011836.
HGNC	HGNC:19964. VASH1.
HPA	HPA000653.
MIM	609011. gene.
PharmGKB	PA134941450.
HUGE	Search...
GenAtlas	Search...
GeneCards	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
HOVERGEN	Q7L8A9.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	Q7L8A9.
CleanEx	HS_VASH1.
GermOnline	ENSG00000071246. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
ProtoNet	Search...
Other Resources
NextBio	43305.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

VASH1_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q7L8A9
Secondary accession number(s): Q96H02, Q9UBF4, Q9Y629

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	April 12, 2005
Last sequence update:	July 5, 2004
Last modified:	November 25, 2008
This is version 35 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)