vif

Functionⁱ

Counteracts the innate antiviral activity of host APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G. Forms a complex with host APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G thus preventing the entry of these lethally hypermutating enzymes into progeny virions. Recruits an active E3 ubiquitin ligase complex composed of elongin BC, CUL5, and RBX2 to induce polyubiquitination of APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F. In turn, they are directed to the 26S proteasome for degradation. Vif interaction with APOBEC3G also blocks its cytidine deaminase activity in a proteasome-independent manner, suggesting a dual inhibitory mechanism. May interact directly with APOBEC3G mRNA in order to inhibit its translation. Seems to play a role in viral morphology by affecting the stability of the viral nucleoprotein core. Finally, Vif also contributes to the G2 cell cycle arrest observed in HIV infected cells.UniRule annotation

Miscellaneous

HIV-1 lineages are divided in three main groups, M (for Major), O (for Outlier), and N (for New, or Non-M, Non-O). The vast majority of strains found worldwide belong to the group M. Group O seems to be endemic to and largely confined to Cameroon and neighboring countries in West Central Africa, where these viruses represent a small minority of HIV-1 strains. The group N is represented by a limited number of isolates from Cameroonian persons. The group M is further subdivided in 9 clades or subtypes (A to D, F to H, J and K).UniRule annotation

Required for replication in 'nonpermissive' cells, including primary T-cells, macrophages and certain T-cell lines, but is dispensable for replication in 'permissive' cell lines, such as 293T cells. In nonpermissive cells, Vif-defective viruses can produce virions, but they fail to complete reverse transcription and cannot successfully infect new cells.UniRule annotation

Vif-defective viruses show catastrophic failure in reverse transcription due to APOBEC-induced mutations that initiate a DNA base repair pathway and compromise the structural integrity of the ssDNA. In the absence of Vif, the virion is morphologically abnormal.UniRule annotation

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

RNA binding Source: UniProtKB-UniRule

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

GO - Biological processⁱ

viral life cycle Source: InterPro

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Keywordsⁱ

Molecular function	RNA-bindingUniRule annotation
Biological process	Host-virus interactionUniRule annotationSAAS annotation, Ubl conjugation pathwayUniRule annotationSAAS annotation

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Protein namesⁱ	Recommended name: Virion infectivity factorUniRule annotation Short name: VifUniRule annotation Alternative name(s): SOR proteinUniRule annotation Cleaved into the following 2 chains: p7UniRule annotation p17UniRule annotation
Gene namesⁱ	Name:vifUniRule annotationImported
Organismⁱ	Human immunodeficiency virus 1Imported
Taxonomic identifierⁱ	11676 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageⁱ	Viruses › Retro-transcribing viruses › Retroviridae › Orthoretrovirinae › Lentivirus › Primate lentivirus group
Virus hostⁱ	Homo sapiens (Human) [TaxID: 9606]

Subcellular locationⁱ

Host cell membrane
UniRule annotation
Automatic assertion according to rulesⁱ
- HAMAP-Rule:MF_04081
SAAS annotation
Automatic assertion according to rulesⁱ
- SAAS:SAAS00594051
; Peripheral membrane protein
UniRule annotation
Automatic assertion according to rulesⁱ
- HAMAP-Rule:MF_04081
SAAS annotation
Automatic assertion according to rulesⁱ
- SAAS:SAAS00594051
; Cytoplasmic side
UniRule annotation
Automatic assertion according to rulesⁱ
- HAMAP-Rule:MF_04081
SAAS annotation
Automatic assertion according to rulesⁱ
- SAAS:SAAS00594051
Host cytoplasm
UniRule annotation
Automatic assertion according to rulesⁱ
- HAMAP-Rule:MF_04081
Virion
UniRule annotation
Automatic assertion according to rulesⁱ
- HAMAP-Rule:MF_04081
SAAS annotation
Automatic assertion according to rulesⁱ
- SAAS:SAAS00594062

Note:

In the cytoplasm, seems to colocalize with intermediate filament vimentin. A fraction is associated with the cytoplasmic side of cellular membranes, presumably via the interaction with Pr55Gag precursor. Incorporated in virions at a ratio of approximately 7 to 20 molecules per virion.UniRule annotation

GO - Cellular componentⁱ

host cell cytoplasm Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
host cell plasma membrane Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
membrane Source: UniProtKB-UniRule
virion Source: UniProtKB-SubCell

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Host cell membraneUniRule annotationSAAS annotation, Host cytoplasmUniRule annotationSAAS annotation, Host membrane, Membrane, VirionUniRule annotationSAAS annotation

PTM / Processingⁱ

Amino acid modifications

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Modified residueⁱ	96	Phosphothreonine; by host MAP4K1UniRule annotation	1
Modified residueⁱ	144	Phosphoserine; by hostUniRule annotation	1
Modified residueⁱ	155	Phosphothreonine; by hostUniRule annotation	1
Modified residueⁱ	165	Phosphoserine; by host MAP4K1UniRule annotation	1
Modified residueⁱ	188	Phosphothreonine; by hostUniRule annotation	1

Post-translational modificationⁱ

Highly phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues.UniRule annotation

Polyubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome in the presence of APOBEC3G.UniRule annotation

Processed in virion by the viral protease.UniRule annotation

Sites

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Siteⁱ	150 – 151	Cleavage in virion (by viral protease)UniRule annotation		2

Keywords - PTMⁱ

PhosphoproteinUniRule annotation, Ubl conjugationUniRule annotation

Expressionⁱ

Inductionⁱ

Expressed late during infection in a Rev-dependent manner.UniRule annotation

Interactionⁱ

Subunit structureⁱ

Homomultimer; in vitro and presumably in vivo. Interacts with viral RNA and Pr55Gag precursor; these interactions mediate Vif incorporation into the virion. Interacts with the viral reverse transcriptase. Interacts with human APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G. Interacts with host UBCE7IP1 isoform 3/ZIN and possibly with SAT. Interacts with host tyrosine kinases HCK and FYN; these interactions may decrease level of phosphorylated APOBEC3G incorporation into virions. Interacts with host ABCE1; this interaction may play a role in protecting viral RNA from damage during viral assembly. Forms an E3 ligase complex by interacting with host CUL5 and elongin BC complex (ELOB and ELOC). Interacts with host MDM2; this interaction targets Vif for degradation by the proteasome.UniRule annotation

Family & Domainsⁱ

Region

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Regionⁱ	14 – 17	Interaction with host APOBEC3F; F1-boxUniRule annotation	4
Regionⁱ	40 – 44	Interaction with host APOBEC3G; G-boxUniRule annotation	5
Regionⁱ	54 – 72	Interaction with host APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G; FG-boxUniRule annotationAdd BLAST	19
Regionⁱ	74 – 79	Interaction with host APOBEC3F; F2-boxUniRule annotation	6
Regionⁱ	75 – 114	RNA-bindingUniRule annotationAdd BLAST	40
Regionⁱ	151 – 164	MultimerizationUniRule annotationAdd BLAST	14
Regionⁱ	171 – 172	Membrane associationUniRule annotation	2

Motif

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Motifⁱ	108 – 139	HCCH motifUniRule annotationAdd BLAST		32
Motifⁱ	144 – 153	BC-box-like motifUniRule annotation		10

Domainⁱ

The BC-like-box motif mediates the interaction with elongin BC complex.UniRule annotation

The HCCH motif (H-x₅-C-x(18)-C-x₅-H) mediates the interaction with CUL5.UniRule annotation

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Belongs to the primate lentivirus group Vif protein family.UniRule annotationSAAS annotation

Family and domain databases

HAMAPⁱ	MF_04081 HIV_VIF, 1 hit
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR000475 Viral_infect
Pfam protein domain database More...Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF00559 Vif, 1 hit
PRINTSⁱ	PR00349 VIRIONINFFCT

Sequenceⁱ

Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

Sequence processingⁱ: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

Q79086-1 [UniParc]FASTA Add to basket

« Hide

        10         20         30         40         50
MENRWQVMIV WQVDRMRIRT WKSLVKHHMY SSGKAKGWAY RHHYESTHPR 
        60         70         80         90        100
ISSEVHIPLG EAKLVITTYW GLHTGERDWH LGQGVSIEWR KKRYSTQVDP 
       110        120        130        140        150
GLADQLIHLY YFDCFSDSAI RNAILGRIVS PRCEYQAGHN KVGSLQYLAL 
       160        170        180        190 
AALTTPKKIK PPLPSVTKLT EDRWNKPQKT KGHRESHTMN GH

Length:192

Mass (Da):22,380

Last modified:November 1, 1996 - v1

Checksum:ⁱ6BE3598531F92C4E

GO

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	Z30694 Genomic DNA Translation: CAA83174.1
PIRⁱ	S43003

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length
Q79086	Virion infectivity factor		9HIV1		196
Virion infectivity factor		9HIV1		192
Virion infectivity factor		9HIV1		192
Virion infectivity factor		9HIV1		192
Virion infectivity factor		9HIV1		192
+15

Protein	Similar proteins		Species	Score	Length
Q79086	Virion infectivity factor	)	HV1N5		192
Virion infectivity factor		9HIV1		192
Virion infectivity factor		Simian-Human immunodeficiency virus		192
Virion infectivity factor		Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 02CD.LBR024		192
Virion infectivity factor		Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 04CD.FR.KZS		192
+10011

Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	Z30694 Genomic DNA Translation: CAA83174.1
PIRⁱ	S43003

3D structure databases

ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Protocols and materials databases

Structural Biology Knowledgebase	Search...

Structural Biology Knowledgebase

Search...

Family and domain databases

HAMAPⁱ	MF_04081 HIV_VIF, 1 hit
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR000475 Viral_infect
Pfam protein domain database More...Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF00559 Vif, 1 hit
PRINTSⁱ	PR00349 VIRIONINFFCT
ProtoNetⁱ	Search...

Entry informationⁱ

Entry nameⁱ	Q79086_9HIV1
Accessionⁱ	Q79086Primary (citable) accession number: Q79086
Entry historyⁱ	Integrated into UniProtKB/TrEMBL:	November 1, 1996
	Last sequence update:	November 1, 1996
	Last modified:	May 23, 2018
	This is version 77 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history.
Entry statusⁱ	Unreviewed (UniProtKB/TrEMBL)

UniProtKB - Q79086 (Q79086_9HIV1)

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Virion infectivity factor

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Functionⁱ

Miscellaneous

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

GO - Biological processⁱ

Keywordsⁱ

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Subcellular locationⁱ

GO - Cellular componentⁱ

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

PTM / Processingⁱ

Amino acid modifications

Post-translational modificationⁱ

Sites

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Expressionⁱ

Inductionⁱ

Interactionⁱ

Subunit structureⁱ

Family & Domainsⁱ

Region

Motif

Domainⁱ

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Family and domain databases

Sequenceⁱ

Sequence databases

Similar proteinsⁱ

Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protocols and materials databases

Family and domain databases

Entry informationⁱ

UniProt is an ELIXIR core data resource

UniProtKB

UniParc

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Annotation systems

Supporting data

UniProtKB - Q79086 (Q79086_9HIV1)

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Virion infectivity factor

vif

Select a section on the left to see content.

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functioni

Miscellaneous

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functioni

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Biological processi

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationi

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Cellular componenti

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingi

Amino acid modifications

Sites

<p>This section provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.<p><a href='/help/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressioni

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactioni

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsi

Region

Motif

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesi

Family and domain databases

Sequence databases

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesi

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protocols and materials databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationi

UniProt is an ELIXIR core data resource

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Functionⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

GO - Biological processⁱ

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Subcellular locationⁱ

GO - Cellular componentⁱ

PTM / Processingⁱ

Expressionⁱ

Interactionⁱ

Family & Domainsⁱ

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Cross-referencesⁱ

Entry informationⁱ