Reviewed,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q6ZSZ5 (ARHGI_HUMAN)
Last modified
December 15, 2009.
Version 51.
History...
Clusters with 100%,
90%,
50% identity |
Documents (4) |
Third-party data |
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Names and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 18 Alternative name(s): 114 kDa Rho-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor p114-Rho-GEF Short name=p114RhoGEF Septin-associated RhoGEF Short name=SA-RhoGEF | ||||
| Gene names |
| ||||
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Complete proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 1173 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is not processed. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level. |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Acts as guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RhoA GTPases. May play a role in actin cytoskeleton reorganization in different tissues since its activation induces formation of actin stress fibers. Also act as a GEF for RAC1, inducing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Does not act as a GEF for CDC42. The G protein beta-gamma (Gbetagamma) subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins act as activators, explaining the integrated effects of LPA and other G-protein coupled receptor agonists on actin stress fiber formation, cell shape change and ROS production. Ref.4 Ref.6 Ref.7 |
| Subunit structure | Interacts with SEPT9; interaction may inhibit GEF activity. Interacts with Gbetagamma subunits GNB1 and GNG2. Ref.6 Ref.7 |
| Subcellular location | Cytoplasm. Note: Colocalizes with actin stress fibers. Ref.7 |
| Tissue specificity | Expressed in all tissues tested with highest expression in kidney and pancreas. Weakly or not expressed in liver, skeletal muscle and testis. Ref.4 Ref.6 Ref.7 |
| Sequence similarities | Contains 1 DH (DBL-homology) domain. Contains 1 PH domain. |
Ontologies
| Keywords | |
|---|---|
| Cellular component | Cytoplasm |
| Coding sequence diversity | Alternative splicing Polymorphism |
| Domain | Coiled coil |
| Molecular function | Guanine-nucleotide releasing factor |
| PTM | Phosphoprotein |
| Technical term | Complete proteome |
| Gene Ontology (GO) | |
| Biological process | actin cytoskeleton organization Ref.6 Inferred from direct assay. Source: MGI apoptosisInferred from Experiment. Source: Reactome induction of apoptosis by extracellular signalsInferred from Experiment. Source: Reactome regulation of Rho protein signal transductionInferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro regulation of cell shape Ref.6Inferred from direct assay. Source: MGI small GTPase mediated signal transduction Ref.6Inferred from direct assay. Source: MGI |
| Cellular component | cytosol Inferred from Experiment. Source: Reactome |
| Molecular function | Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro |
| Complete GO annotation... | |
Alternative products
| This entry describes 3 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform 1 (identifier: Q6ZSZ5-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform 2 (identifier: Q6ZSZ5-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-158: Missing. | ||||||
| Isoform 3 (identifier: Q6ZSZ5-3) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-158: Missing. 1157-1173: TPLSAKEDASKEDVIFF → RWRRQHLSPESGRIHFPNRAPRRFTMNLRVRE | ||||||
| Note: No experimental confirmation available. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 1173 | 1173 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 18 | PRO_0000341415 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Domain | 259 – 456 | 198 | DH | ||||||
| Domain | 496 – 598 | 103 | PH | ||||||
| Coiled coil | 799 – 819 | 21 | Potential | ||||||
| Coiled coil | 850 – 960 | 111 | Potential | ||||||
| Compositional bias | 1104 – 1158 | 55 | Pro-rich | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 209 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.9 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 212 | 1 | Phosphothreonine Ref.9 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 733 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.9 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 1101 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.9 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 1103 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.9 Ref.8 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 1124 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.9 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 1130 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.9 | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 158 | 158 | Missing in isoform 2 and isoform 3. | VSP_034315 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 1157 – 1173 | 17 | TPLSA…DVIFF → RWRRQHLSPESGRIHFPNRA PRRFTMNLRVRE in isoform 3. | VSP_034316 | |||||
| Natural variant | 701 | 1 | R → Q: dbSNP rs2287918. Ref.2 | VAR_044066 | |||||
| Natural variant | 752 | 1 | R → Q: dbSNP rs2287920. | VAR_044067 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 183 | 1 | I → V in BAC86801. Ref.2 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 1019 | 1 | S → N in BAC86801. Ref.2 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 1107 | 1 | P → S in BAC86801. Ref.2 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IX. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro." Nagase T., Ishikawa K., Miyajima N., Tanaka A., Kotani H., Nomura N., Ohara O. DNA Res. 5:31-39(1998) [PubMed: 9628581] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2). Tissue: Brain. |
| [2] | "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. Sugano S.Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed: 14702039] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANT GLN-701. Tissue: Brain. |
| [3] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 3). Tissue: Lymph. |
| [4] | "Identification and characterization of a novel Rho-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor." Blomquist A., Schwoerer G., Schablowski H., Psoma A., Lehnen M., Jakobs K.H., Ruemenapp U. Biochem. J. 352:319-325(2000) [PubMed: 11085924] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [5] | "A physical and transcript map of the MCOLN1 gene region on human chromosome 19p13.3-p13.2." Acierno J.S. Jr., Kennedy J.C., Falardeau J.L., Leyne M., Bromley M.C., Colman M.W., Sun M., Bove C., Ashworth L.K., Chadwick L.H., Schiripo T., Ma S., Goldin E., Schiffmann R., Slaugenhaupt S.A. Genomics 73:203-210(2001) [PubMed: 11318610] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION. |
| [6] | "G Protein betagamma subunits stimulate p114RhoGEF, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for RhoA and Rac1: regulation of cell shape and reactive oxygen species production." Niu J., Profirovic J., Pan H., Vaiskunaite R., Voyno-Yasenetskaya T. Circ. Res. 93:848-856(2003) [PubMed: 14512443] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INTERACTION WITH GNB1 AND GNG2. |
| [7] | "Cytoskeletal modification of Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity: identification of a Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor as a binding partner for Sept9b, a mammalian septin." Nagata K., Inagaki M. Oncogene 24:65-76(2005) [PubMed: 15558029] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INTERACTION WITH SEPT9. |
| [8] | "Combining protein-based IMAC, peptide-based IMAC, and MudPIT for efficient phosphoproteomic analysis." Cantin G.T., Yi W., Lu B., Park S.K., Xu T., Lee J.-D., Yates J.R. III J. Proteome Res. 7:1346-1351(2008) [PubMed: 18220336] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-1103, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [9] | "A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation." Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed: 18669648] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-209; THR-212; SER-733; SER-1101; SER-1103; SER-1124 AND SER-1130, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [10] | Colinge J., Superti-Furga G., Bennett K.L. Submitted (OCT-2008) to UniProtKB Cited for: IDENTIFICATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS], MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [11] | "Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach." Gauci S., Helbig A.O., Slijper M., Krijgsveld J., Heck A.J., Mohammed S. Anal. Chem. 81:4493-4501(2009) [PubMed: 19413330] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-1103, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| AB011093 mRNA. Translation: BAA25447.1. Different initiation. AK127045 mRNA. Translation: BAC86801.1. BC077721 mRNA. Translation: AAH77721.1. | |
| IPI | IPI00179437. IPI00480141. IPI00895907. |
| RefSeq | NP_001124427.1. NP_056133.2. |
| UniGene | Hs.465761 |
3D structure databases | |
| HSSP | HSSP built from PDB template 1XCG based on UniProtKB O15085. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| STRING | Q6ZSZ5. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | Q6ZSZ5. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PRIDE | Q6ZSZ5. |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000359920; ENSP00000352995; ENSG00000104880; Homo sapiens. [Genome view] |
| GeneID | 23370. |
| KEGG | hsa:23370. |
| UCSC | uc002mgg.1. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 23370. |
| GeneCards | GC19P007351. GC19P007352. |
| HGNC | HGNC:17090. ARHGEF18. |
| PharmGKB | PA128394630. |
| HUGE | Search... |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| HOGENOM | HBG444567. |
| HOVERGEN | Q6ZSZ5. |
| InParanoid | Q6ZSZ5. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| Reactome | REACT_11044. Signaling by Rho GTPases. REACT_11061. Signalling by NGF. REACT_14797. Signaling by GPCR. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | Q6ZSZ5. |
| Bgee | Q6ZSZ5. |
| CleanEx | HS_ARHGEF18. |
| Genevestigator | Q6ZSZ5. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR000219. DH-domain. IPR011993. PH_type. IPR001849. Pleckstrin_homology. IPR015721. RhoGEF-like. [Graphical view] |
| Gene3D | G3DSA:2.30.29.30. PH_type. 1 hit. G3DSA:1.20.900.10. RhoGEF. 1 hit. |
| PANTHER | PTHR22825. RhoGEF_like. 1 hit. |
| Pfam | PF00169. PH. 1 hit. PF00621. RhoGEF. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SMART | SM00233. PH. 1 hit. SM00325. RhoGEF. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PROSITE | PS00741. DH_1. False negative. PS50010. DH_2. 1 hit. PS50003. PH_DOMAIN. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other Resources | |
| NextBio | 45444. |
Entry information
| Entry name | ARHGI_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q6ZSZ5 Secondary accession number(s): O60274, Q6DD92 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation project | HPI (Human Proteome Initiative) | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 19 Human chromosome 19: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

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