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Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q6QHF9 (PAOX_HUMAN)

Last modified June 16, 2009. Version 56. Feed History...

Clusters with 100%, 90%, 50% identity | Documents (3) | Third-party data | Customize display text xml rdf/xml gff fasta
Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Alternative products · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents

Names and origin

Protein namesRecommended name:
    Peroxisomal N(1)-acetyl-spermine/spermidine oxidase
    EC=1.5.3.n3
    EC=1.5.3.n4
    EC=1.5.3.n10
Alternative name(s):
    Polyamine oxidase
Gene names
Name: PAOX
Synonyms: PAO
ORF Names: UNQ1923/PRO4398
OrganismHomo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic identifier9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageEukaryotaMetazoaChordataCraniataVertebrataEuteleostomiMammaliaEutheriaEuarchontogliresPrimatesHaplorrhiniCatarrhiniHominidaeHomo

Protein attributes

Sequence length649 AA.
Sequence statusComplete.
Sequence processingThe displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existenceEvidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function

Flavoenzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of N(1)-acetylspermine to spermidine and is thus involved in the polyamine back-conversion. Can also oxidize N(1)-acetylspermidine to putrescine. Substrate specificity: N(1)-acetylspermine = N(1)-acetylspermidine > N1,N(12)-diacylspermine >> spermine. Does not oxidize spermidine. Plays an important role in the regulation of polyamine intracellular concentration and has the potential to act as a determinant of cellular sensitivity to the antitumor polyamine analogs.

Catalytic activity

N(1)-acetylspermine + O2 + H2O = spermidine + 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2.

N(1)-acetylspermidine + O2 + H2O = putrescine + 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2.

N1,N(12)-diacetylspermine + O2 + H2O = N(1)-acetylspermidine + 3-acetamidobutanal + H2O2.

Cofactor

Binds 1 FAD per subunit By similarity.

Pathway

Amine and polyamine metabolism; spermine metabolism.

Subunit structure

Monomer By similarity.

Subcellular location

Peroxisome By similarity. Cytoplasm By similarity.

Tissue specificity

Widely expressed. Not detected in spleen. Expressed at lower level in neoplastic tissues. Ref.6

Induction

By polyamine analogs.

Miscellaneous

Oxidizes N(1)-acetylated polyamines on the exo-side of their N(4)-amino groups. Plant PAO oxidizes spermine on the endo-side of the N(4)-nitrogen By similarity.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family.

Ontologies

Keywords
   Cellular componentCytoplasm
Peroxisome
   Coding sequence diversityAlternative splicing
   LigandFAD
Flavoprotein
   Molecular functionOxidoreductase
Gene Ontology (GO)
   Biological processoxidation reduction

Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW

   Cellular componentperoxisome

Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell

   Molecular functionelectron carrier activity

Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro

oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, oxygen as acceptor

Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: EC

Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 11 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]
Isoform 9 (identifier: Q6QHF9-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.
Isoform 1 (identifier: Q6QHF9-2)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     31-168: Missing.
Isoform 3 (identifier: Q6QHF9-6)

Also known as: 7;

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     62-69: GVVEVGAH → AIKDSQTA
     70-649: Missing.
Isoform 4 (identifier: Q6QHF9-5)

Also known as: 2;

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     31-168: Missing.
     429-463: FLREHLDTFFDPPLPAEKAEAIRKIGFGTNNKIFL → LSTFSVGSLPDLSLSSWRLCRMKKYFCVSPKCSGE
     464-649: Missing.
Isoform 5 (identifier: Q6QHF9-4)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     31-168: Missing.
     550-649: GNPRLPAPKS...PQVQQPRPRL → APDPVCGGSH...SFLLTDFSLA
Isoform 6 (identifier: Q6QHF9-8)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     61-80: GGVVEVGAHWIHGPSRGNPV → RVSRTHKLHDGRPAGGHCSF
     81-649: Missing.
Note: Ref.2 (AAS64377) sequence differs from that shown due to a frameshift in position 26.
Isoform 8 (identifier: Q6QHF9-3)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     31-168: Missing.
     435-482: Missing.
Isoform 10 (identifier: Q6QHF9-7)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     73-489: Missing.
Isoform 11 (identifier: Q6QHF9-9)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-267: Missing.
     338-649: MDLVALAPFG...PQVQQPRPRL → TGLCCRDGGR...QPTLFHPCRG
Isoform 12 (identifier: Q6QHF9-10)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     23-83: IAGLGAAQRL...PSRGNPVFQL → SSRSCLRGKP...QPTLFHPCRG
     84-649: Missing.
Isoform 13 (identifier: Q6QHF9-11)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     14-45: PRVLVVGGGIAGLGAAQRLCGHSAFPHLRVLE → GHGPRRGPHPLGALLRWRGGGGRALDPWALPG
     46-649: Missing.

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature keyPosition(s)LengthDescriptionGraphical viewFeature identifier

Molecule processing

Initiator methionine11Removed By similarity
Chain2 – 649648Peroxisomal N(1)-acetyl-spermine/spermidine oxidase
PRO_0000099875

Regions

Motif647 – 6493Microbody targeting signal Potential

Natural variations

Alternative sequence1 – 267267Missing in isoform 11.
VSP_011247
Alternative sequence14 – 4532PRVLV…LRVLE → GHGPRRGPHPLGALLRWRGG GGRALDPWALPG in isoform 13.
VSP_011261
Alternative sequence23 – 8361IAGLG…PVFQL → SSRSCLRGKPHIARFTPRRT GLCCRDGWRPTASSVCGPRR CSSPGRGSSWAQPTLFHPCR G in isoform 12.
VSP_011259
Alternative sequence31 – 168138Missing in isoform 1, isoform 5, isoform 4 and isoform 8.
VSP_011249
Alternative sequence46 – 649604Missing in isoform 13.
VSP_011262
Alternative sequence61 – 8020GGVVE…RGNPV → RVSRTHKLHDGRPAGGHCSF in isoform 6.
VSP_011248
Alternative sequence62 – 698GVVEVGAH → AIKDSQTA in isoform 3.
VSP_011250
Alternative sequence70 – 649580Missing in isoform 3.
VSP_011251
Alternative sequence73 – 489417Missing in isoform 10.
VSP_011252
Alternative sequence81 – 649569Missing in isoform 6.
VSP_011256
Alternative sequence84 – 649566Missing in isoform 12.
VSP_011260
Alternative sequence338 – 649312MDLVA…PRPRL → TGLCCRDGGRPTASSVCGPR RCSSPGRGSSWAQPTLFHPC RG in isoform 11.
VSP_011253
Alternative sequence429 – 46335FLREH…NKIFL → LSTFSVGSLPDLSLSSWRLC RMKKYFCVSPKCSGE in isoform 4.
VSP_011255
Alternative sequence435 – 48248Missing in isoform 8.
VSP_011254
Alternative sequence464 – 649186Missing in isoform 4.
VSP_011257
Alternative sequence550 – 649100GNPRL…PRPRL → APDPVCGGSHTSHVLLHDAR GSAVGMEGGRPPPQSVGPAG AAAQAEALAGPSLLCSTRVG GRLGPSFLLTDFSLA in isoform 5.
VSP_011258

Experimental info

Sequence conflict231I → M in AAS64378. Ref.2
Sequence conflict401H → Q in AAS64378. Ref.2
Sequence conflict1861A → T in AAS64379. Ref.2
Sequence conflict2141R → Q in AAN40706. Ref.1
Sequence conflict2231A → V in AAN40706. Ref.1
Sequence conflict3761E → G in AAS64376. Ref.2
Sequence conflict3961E → K in AAS64373. Ref.2
Sequence conflict5021L → F in AAS64381. Ref.2
Sequence conflict5061V → G in AAN40706. Ref.1
Sequence conflict5511N → S in AAS64379. Ref.2

Sequences

Sequence LengthMass (Da)Tools
Isoform 9 [UniParc].

Last modified January 23, 2007. Version 3.
Checksum: D332E2AA7242F609

FASTA64970,290
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MESTGSVGEA PGGPRVLVVG GGIAGLGAAQ RLCGHSAFPH LRVLEATARA GGRIRSERCF 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
GGVVEVGAHW IHGPSRGNPV FQLAAEYGLL GEKELSQENQ LVETGGHVGL PSVSYASSGT 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
SVSLQLVAEM ATLFYGLIDQ TREFLHAAET PVPSVGEYLK KEIGQHVARL CGHSAFPHLR 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
VLEATARAGG RIRSERCFGG VVEVGAHWIH GPSRGNPVFQ LAAEYGLLGE KELSQENQLV 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
ETGGHVGLPS VSYASSGASV SLQLVAEMAT LFYGLIDQTR EFLHAAETPV PSVGEYLKKE 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
IGQHVAGWTE DEETRKLKLA VLNSFFNLEC CVSGTHSMDL VALAPFGEYT VLPGLDCTFS 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
KGYQGLTNCM MAALPEDTVV FEKPVKTIHW NGSFQEAAFP GETFPVSVEC EDGDRFPAHH 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
VIVTVPLGFL REHLDTFFDP PLPAEKAEAI RKIGFGTNNK IFLEFEEPFW EPDCQLIQLV 

       490        500        510        520        530        540 
WEDTSPLEDA APELQDAWFR KLIGFVVLPA FASVHVLCGF IAGLESEFME TLSDEEVLLC 

       550        560        570        580        590        600 
LTQVLRRVTG NPRLPAPKSV LRSRWHSAPY TRGSYSYVAV GSTGGDLDLL AQPLPADGAG 

       610        620        630        640 
AQLQILFAGE ATHRTFYSTT HGALLSGWRE ADRLLSLWAP QVQQPRPRL 

« Hide

Isoform 1.

Checksum: BF1A6E43AA09965A
Show »

FASTA51155,513
Isoform 3 (7).

Checksum: 6479901AFA86F3BC
Show »

FASTA696,917
Isoform 4 (2).

Checksum: 9F461E2A9F42C661
Show »

FASTA32534,706
Isoform 5.

Checksum: 8F044535B0A5683A
Show »

FASTA48651,964
Isoform 6.

Checksum: 6C6D2D32475F8713
Show »

FASTA808,245
Isoform 8.

Checksum: D898B10BD2B29076
Show »

FASTA46349,861
Isoform 10.

Checksum: B99A956DE69468B8
Show »

FASTA23224,784
Isoform 11.

Checksum: 2C6A7B68E8D6B5EF
Show »

FASTA11212,203
Isoform 12.

Checksum: 9775DE41FD8D7693
Show »

FASTA838,695
Isoform 13.

Checksum: A3DFC1D1AEA13C12
Show »

FASTA454,499

References

« Hide 'large scale' references
[1]"Cloning, sequencing, and heterologous expression of the murine peroxisomal flavoprotein, N(1)-acetylated polyamine oxidase."
Wu T., Yankovskaya V., McIntire W.S.
J. Biol. Chem. 278:20514-20525(2003) [PubMed: 12660232] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
Tissue: Liver.
[2]"Polyamine oxidase."
Wang Y., Murray-Stewart T., Hacker A., Casero R.A. Jr.
Submitted (FEB-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 3; 4; 5; 6; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12 AND 13).
[3]"The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment."
Clark H.F., Gurney A.L., Abaya E., Baker K., Baldwin D.T., Brush J., Chen J., Chow B., Chui C., Crowley C., Currell B., Deuel B., Dowd P., Eaton D., Foster J.S., Grimaldi C., Gu Q., Hass P.E. expand/collapse author list , Heldens S., Huang A., Kim H.S., Klimowski L., Jin Y., Johnson S., Lee J., Lewis L., Liao D., Mark M.R., Robbie E., Sanchez C., Schoenfeld J., Seshagiri S., Simmons L., Singh J., Smith V., Stinson J., Vagts A., Vandlen R.L., Watanabe C., Wieand D., Woods K., Xie M.-H., Yansura D.G., Yi S., Yu G., Yuan J., Zhang M., Zhang Z., Goddard A.D., Wood W.I., Godowski P.J., Gray A.M.
Genome Res. 13:2265-2270(2003) [PubMed: 12975309] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
[4]"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
The MGC Project Team
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
Tissue: Brain.
[5]"The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium."
Bechtel S., Rosenfelder H., Duda A., Schmidt C.P., Ernst U., Wellenreuther R., Mehrle A., Schuster C., Bahr A., Blocker H., Heubner D., Hoerlein A., Michel G., Wedler H., Kohrer K., Ottenwalder B., Poustka A., Wiemann S., Schupp I.
BMC Genomics 8:399-399(2007) [PubMed: 17974005] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 364-649 (ISOFORM 9).
Tissue: Testis.
[6]"Genomic identification and biochemical characterization of the mammalian polyamine oxidase involved in polyamine back-conversion."
Vujcic S., Liang P., Diegelman P., Kramer D.L., Porter C.W.
Biochem. J. 370:19-28(2003) [PubMed: 12477380] [Abstract]
Cited for: BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, CHARACTERIZATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
+Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases

AF226657 mRNA. Translation: AAN40706.1.
AF312698 mRNA. Translation: AAO63265.1.
AY541513 mRNA. Translation: AAS64373.1.
AY541514 mRNA. Translation: AAS64374.1.
AY541515 mRNA. Translation: AAS64375.1.
AY541516 mRNA. Translation: AAS64376.1.
AY541517 mRNA. Translation: AAS64377.1. Frameshift.
AY541518 mRNA. Translation: AAS64378.1.
AY541519 mRNA. Translation: AAS64379.1.
AY541520 mRNA. Translation: AAS64380.1.
AY541521 mRNA. Translation: AAS64381.1.
AY541522 mRNA. Translation: AAS64382.1.
AY541523 mRNA. Translation: AAS64383.1.
AY541524 mRNA. Translation: AAS64384.1.
AY358418 mRNA. Translation: AAQ88784.1.
BC032778 mRNA. Translation: AAH32778.1.
AL834535 mRNA. Translation: CAD39191.1.
IPIIPI00166789.
IPI00410386.
IPI00418231.
IPI00456650.
IPI00456651.
IPI00456652.
IPI00456669.
IPI00456670.
IPI00745346.
IPI00827966.
IPI00856013.
RefSeqNP_690875.1.
NP_997010.1.
NP_997011.1.
UniGeneHs.532469

3D structure databases

ModBaseSearch...

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblENSG00000148832. Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
GeneID196743.
KEGGhsa:196743.

Organism-specific databases

GeneCardsGC10P135081.
H-InvDBHIX0009334.
HIX0009335.
HGNCHGNC:20837. PAOX.
PharmGKBPA134907695.
GenAtlasSearch...

Phylogenomic databases

HOVERGENQ6QHF9.
OMAQ6QHF9. VWEDTSP.

Enzyme and pathway databases

BRENDA1.5.3.11. 247.
ReactomeREACT_13. Metabolism of amino acids.
REACT_13433. Biological oxidations.
REACT_649. Phase 1 functionalization.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpressQ6QHF9.
BgeeQ6QHF9.
CleanExHS_PAOX.
GermOnlineENSG00000148832. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

InterProIPR002937. Amino_oxidase.
[Graphical view]
PfamPF01593. Amino_oxidase. 2 hits.
[Graphical view]
ProtoNetSearch...

Other Resources

NextBio89545.

Entry information

Entry namePAOX_HUMAN
AccessionPrimary (citable) accession number: Q6QHF9
Secondary accession number(s): Q6QHF5 expand/collapse secondary AC list , Q6QHF6, Q6QHF7, Q6QHF8, Q6QHG0, Q6QHG1, Q6QHG2, Q6QHG3, Q6QHG4, Q6QHG5, Q6QHG6, Q86WP9, Q8N555, Q8NCX3
Entry history
Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: August 16, 2004
Last sequence update: January 23, 2007
Last modified: June 16, 2009
This is version 56 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. [Complete history]
Entry statusReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation projectHPI (Human Proteome Initiative)

Relevant documents

Human chromosome 10

Human chromosome 10: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM

PATHWAY comments

Index of metabolic and biosynthesis pathways

SIMILARITY comments

Index of protein domains and families

Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Alternative products · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents