Reviewed,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q6QHF9 (PAOX_HUMAN)
Last modified
June 16, 2009.
Version 56.
History...
Clusters with 100%,
90%,
50% identity |
Documents (3) |
Third-party data |
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Names and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Peroxisomal N(1)-acetyl-spermine/spermidine oxidase EC=1.5.3.n3 EC=1.5.3.n4 EC=1.5.3.n10 Alternative name(s): Polyamine oxidase | ||||||
| Gene names |
| ||||||
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) | ||||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 649 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level. |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Flavoenzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of N(1)-acetylspermine to spermidine and is thus involved in the polyamine back-conversion. Can also oxidize N(1)-acetylspermidine to putrescine. Substrate specificity: N(1)-acetylspermine = N(1)-acetylspermidine > N1,N(12)-diacylspermine >> spermine. Does not oxidize spermidine. Plays an important role in the regulation of polyamine intracellular concentration and has the potential to act as a determinant of cellular sensitivity to the antitumor polyamine analogs. |
| Catalytic activity | N(1)-acetylspermine + O2 + H2O = spermidine + 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2. N(1)-acetylspermidine + O2 + H2O = putrescine + 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2. N1,N(12)-diacetylspermine + O2 + H2O = N(1)-acetylspermidine + 3-acetamidobutanal + H2O2. |
| Cofactor | Binds 1 FAD per subunit By similarity. |
| Pathway | |
| Subunit structure | Monomer By similarity. |
| Subcellular location | Peroxisome By similarity. Cytoplasm By similarity. |
| Tissue specificity | Widely expressed. Not detected in spleen. Expressed at lower level in neoplastic tissues. Ref.6 |
| Induction | By polyamine analogs. |
| Miscellaneous | Oxidizes N(1)-acetylated polyamines on the exo-side of their N(4)-amino groups. Plant PAO oxidizes spermine on the endo-side of the N(4)-nitrogen By similarity. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family. |
Ontologies
| Keywords | |
|---|---|
| Cellular component | Cytoplasm Peroxisome |
| Coding sequence diversity | Alternative splicing |
| Ligand | FAD Flavoprotein |
| Molecular function | Oxidoreductase |
| Gene Ontology (GO) | |
| Biological process | oxidation reduction Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW |
| Cellular component | peroxisome Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell |
| Molecular function | electron carrier activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, oxygen as acceptorInferred from electronic annotation. Source: EC |
| Complete GO annotation... | |
Alternative products
| This entry describes 11 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform 9 (identifier: Q6QHF9-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform 1 (identifier: Q6QHF9-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 31-168: Missing. | ||||||
| Isoform 3 (identifier: Q6QHF9-6) Also known as: 7; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 62-69: GVVEVGAH → AIKDSQTA 70-649: Missing. | ||||||
| Isoform 4 (identifier: Q6QHF9-5) Also known as: 2; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 31-168: Missing. 429-463: FLREHLDTFFDPPLPAEKAEAIRKIGFGTNNKIFL → LSTFSVGSLPDLSLSSWRLCRMKKYFCVSPKCSGE 464-649: Missing. | ||||||
| Isoform 5 (identifier: Q6QHF9-4) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 31-168: Missing. 550-649: GNPRLPAPKS...PQVQQPRPRL → APDPVCGGSH...SFLLTDFSLA | ||||||
| Isoform 6 (identifier: Q6QHF9-8) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 61-80: GGVVEVGAHWIHGPSRGNPV → RVSRTHKLHDGRPAGGHCSF 81-649: Missing. | ||||||
| Note: Ref.2 (AAS64377) sequence differs from that shown due to a frameshift in position 26. | ||||||
| Isoform 8 (identifier: Q6QHF9-3) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 31-168: Missing. 435-482: Missing. | ||||||
| Isoform 10 (identifier: Q6QHF9-7) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 73-489: Missing. | ||||||
| Isoform 11 (identifier: Q6QHF9-9) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-267: Missing. 338-649: MDLVALAPFG...PQVQQPRPRL → TGLCCRDGGR...QPTLFHPCRG | ||||||
| Isoform 12 (identifier: Q6QHF9-10) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 23-83: IAGLGAAQRL...PSRGNPVFQL → SSRSCLRGKP...QPTLFHPCRG 84-649: Missing. | ||||||
| Isoform 13 (identifier: Q6QHF9-11) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 14-45: PRVLVVGGGIAGLGAAQRLCGHSAFPHLRVLE → GHGPRRGPHPLGALLRWRGGGGRALDPWALPG 46-649: Missing. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initiator methionine | 1 | 1 | Removed By similarity | ||||||
| Chain | 2 – 649 | 648 | Peroxisomal N(1)-acetyl-spermine/spermidine oxidase | PRO_0000099875 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Motif | 647 – 649 | 3 | Microbody targeting signal Potential | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 267 | 267 | Missing in isoform 11. | VSP_011247 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 14 – 45 | 32 | PRVLV…LRVLE → GHGPRRGPHPLGALLRWRGG GGRALDPWALPG in isoform 13. | VSP_011261 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 23 – 83 | 61 | IAGLG…PVFQL → SSRSCLRGKPHIARFTPRRT GLCCRDGWRPTASSVCGPRR CSSPGRGSSWAQPTLFHPCR G in isoform 12. | VSP_011259 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 31 – 168 | 138 | Missing in isoform 1, isoform 5, isoform 4 and isoform 8. | VSP_011249 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 46 – 649 | 604 | Missing in isoform 13. | VSP_011262 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 61 – 80 | 20 | GGVVE…RGNPV → RVSRTHKLHDGRPAGGHCSF in isoform 6. | VSP_011248 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 62 – 69 | 8 | GVVEVGAH → AIKDSQTA in isoform 3. | VSP_011250 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 70 – 649 | 580 | Missing in isoform 3. | VSP_011251 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 73 – 489 | 417 | Missing in isoform 10. | VSP_011252 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 81 – 649 | 569 | Missing in isoform 6. | VSP_011256 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 84 – 649 | 566 | Missing in isoform 12. | VSP_011260 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 338 – 649 | 312 | MDLVA…PRPRL → TGLCCRDGGRPTASSVCGPR RCSSPGRGSSWAQPTLFHPC RG in isoform 11. | VSP_011253 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 429 – 463 | 35 | FLREH…NKIFL → LSTFSVGSLPDLSLSSWRLC RMKKYFCVSPKCSGE in isoform 4. | VSP_011255 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 435 – 482 | 48 | Missing in isoform 8. | VSP_011254 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 464 – 649 | 186 | Missing in isoform 4. | VSP_011257 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 550 – 649 | 100 | GNPRL…PRPRL → APDPVCGGSHTSHVLLHDAR GSAVGMEGGRPPPQSVGPAG AAAQAEALAGPSLLCSTRVG GRLGPSFLLTDFSLA in isoform 5. | VSP_011258 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 23 | 1 | I → M in AAS64378. Ref.2 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 40 | 1 | H → Q in AAS64378. Ref.2 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 186 | 1 | A → T in AAS64379. Ref.2 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 214 | 1 | R → Q in AAN40706. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 223 | 1 | A → V in AAN40706. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 376 | 1 | E → G in AAS64376. Ref.2 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 396 | 1 | E → K in AAS64373. Ref.2 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 502 | 1 | L → F in AAS64381. Ref.2 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 506 | 1 | V → G in AAN40706. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 551 | 1 | N → S in AAS64379. Ref.2 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Cloning, sequencing, and heterologous expression of the murine peroxisomal flavoprotein, N(1)-acetylated polyamine oxidase." Wu T., Yankovskaya V., McIntire W.S. J. Biol. Chem. 278:20514-20525(2003) [PubMed: 12660232] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Liver. |
| [2] | "Polyamine oxidase." Wang Y., Murray-Stewart T., Hacker A., Casero R.A. Jr. Submitted (FEB-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 3; 4; 5; 6; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12 AND 13). |
| [3] | "The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment." Clark H.F., Gurney A.L., Abaya E., Baker K., Baldwin D.T., Brush J., Chen J., Chow B., Chui C., Crowley C., Currell B., Deuel B., Dowd P., Eaton D., Foster J.S., Grimaldi C., Gu Q., Hass P.E. Gray A.M.Genome Res. 13:2265-2270(2003) [PubMed: 12975309] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). |
| [4] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Brain. |
| [5] | "The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium." Bechtel S., Rosenfelder H., Duda A., Schmidt C.P., Ernst U., Wellenreuther R., Mehrle A., Schuster C., Bahr A., Blocker H., Heubner D., Hoerlein A., Michel G., Wedler H., Kohrer K., Ottenwalder B., Poustka A., Wiemann S., Schupp I. BMC Genomics 8:399-399(2007) [PubMed: 17974005] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 364-649 (ISOFORM 9). Tissue: Testis. |
| [6] | "Genomic identification and biochemical characterization of the mammalian polyamine oxidase involved in polyamine back-conversion." Vujcic S., Liang P., Diegelman P., Kramer D.L., Porter C.W. Biochem. J. 370:19-28(2003) [PubMed: 12477380] [Abstract] Cited for: BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, CHARACTERIZATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| AF226657 mRNA. Translation: AAN40706.1. AF312698 mRNA. Translation: AAO63265.1. AY541513 mRNA. Translation: AAS64373.1. AY541514 mRNA. Translation: AAS64374.1. AY541515 mRNA. Translation: AAS64375.1. AY541516 mRNA. Translation: AAS64376.1. AY541517 mRNA. Translation: AAS64377.1. Frameshift. AY541518 mRNA. Translation: AAS64378.1. AY541519 mRNA. Translation: AAS64379.1. AY541520 mRNA. Translation: AAS64380.1. AY541521 mRNA. Translation: AAS64381.1. AY541522 mRNA. Translation: AAS64382.1. AY541523 mRNA. Translation: AAS64383.1. AY541524 mRNA. Translation: AAS64384.1. AY358418 mRNA. Translation: AAQ88784.1. BC032778 mRNA. Translation: AAH32778.1. AL834535 mRNA. Translation: CAD39191.1. | |
| IPI | IPI00166789. IPI00410386. IPI00418231. IPI00456650. IPI00456651. IPI00456652. IPI00456669. IPI00456670. IPI00745346. IPI00827966. IPI00856013. |
| RefSeq | NP_690875.1. NP_997010.1. NP_997011.1. |
| UniGene | Hs.532469 |
3D structure databases | |
| ModBase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENSG00000148832. Homo sapiens. [Contig view] |
| GeneID | 196743. |
| KEGG | hsa:196743. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| GeneCards | GC10P135081. |
| H-InvDB | HIX0009334. HIX0009335. |
| HGNC | HGNC:20837. PAOX. |
| PharmGKB | PA134907695. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| HOVERGEN | Q6QHF9. |
| OMA | Q6QHF9. VWEDTSP. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| BRENDA | 1.5.3.11. 247. |
| Reactome | REACT_13. Metabolism of amino acids. REACT_13433. Biological oxidations. REACT_649. Phase 1 functionalization. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | Q6QHF9. |
| Bgee | Q6QHF9. |
| CleanEx | HS_PAOX. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000148832. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR002937. Amino_oxidase. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF01593. Amino_oxidase. 2 hits. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other Resources | |
| NextBio | 89545. |
Entry information
| Entry name | PAOX_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q6QHF9 Secondary accession number(s): Q6QHF5 Q8NCX3 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
| ||||||||
| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation project | HPI (Human Proteome Initiative) | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 10 Human chromosome 10: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| PATHWAY comments Index of metabolic and biosynthesis pathways |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with


