ID H33_XENLA Reviewed; 136 AA. AC Q6PI79; Q05AX9; DT 17-OCT-2006, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 23-JAN-2007, sequence version 3. DT 27-MAR-2024, entry version 115. DE RecName: Full=Histone H3.3; OS Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Amphibia; OC Batrachia; Anura; Pipoidea; Pipidae; Xenopodinae; Xenopus; Xenopus. OX NCBI_TaxID=8355; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. RC TISSUE=Embryo; RG NIH - Xenopus Gene Collection (XGC) project; RL Submitted (SEP-2006) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [2] RP METHYLATION AT LYS-5; LYS-10 AND ARG-18, PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-11, AND RP ACETYLATION AT LYS-15. RX PubMed=12138181; DOI=10.1128/mcb.22.16.5688-5697.2002; RA Li J., Lin Q., Yoon H.-G., Huang Z.-Q., Strahl B.D., Allis C.D., Wong J.; RT "Involvement of histone methylation and phosphorylation in regulation of RT transcription by thyroid hormone receptor."; RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:5688-5697(2002). CC -!- FUNCTION: Variant histone H3 which replaces conventional H3 in a wide CC range of nucleosomes in active genes. Constitutes the predominant form CC of histone H3 in non-dividing cells and is incorporated into chromatin CC independently of DNA synthesis. Deposited at sites of nucleosomal CC displacement throughout transcribed genes, suggesting that it CC represents an epigenetic imprint of transcriptionally active chromatin. CC Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA CC accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a CC template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription CC regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA CC accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational CC modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome CC remodeling. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243}. CC -!- SUBUNIT: The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules CC each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and CC two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of CC DNA. Interacts with zmynd11; when trimethylated at 'Lys-36' CC (H3.3K36me3). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243}. CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. Chromosome. CC -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Expressed during S phase, then expression strongly CC decreases as cell division slows down during the process of CC differentiation. CC -!- DOMAIN: Specific interaction of trimethylated form at 'Lys-36' CC (H3.3K36me3) with zmynd11 is mediated by the encapsulation of Ser-32 CC residue with a composite pocket formed by the tandem bromo-PWWP CC domains. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243}. CC -!- PTM: Acetylation is generally linked to gene activation. Acetylation on CC Lys-19 (H3K18ac) and Lys-24 (H3K24ac) favors methylation at Arg-18 CC (H3R17me). Acetylation at Lys-123 (H3K122ac) by EP300/p300 plays a CC central role in chromatin structure: localizes at the surface of the CC histone octamer and stimulates transcription, possibly by promoting CC nucleosome instability. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12138181}. CC -!- PTM: Asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-18 (H3R17me2a) is linked to gene CC activation. Asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-3 (H3R2me2a) by PRMT6 is CC linked to gene repression and is mutually exclusive with H3 Lys-5 CC methylation (H3K4me2 and H3K4me3). H3R2me2a is present at the 3' of CC genes regardless of their transcription state and is enriched on CC inactive promoters, while it is absent on active promoters (By CC similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243}. CC -!- PTM: Specifically enriched in modifications associated with active CC chromatin such as methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me), Lys-37 (H3K36me) and CC Lys-80 (H3K79me) are linked to gene activation. Methylation at Lys-5 CC (H3K4me) facilitates subsequent acetylation of H3 and H4. Methylation CC at Lys-80 (H3K79me) is associated with DNA double-strand break (DSB) CC responses and is a specific target for tp53bp1. Methylation at Lys-10 CC (H3K9me) and Lys-28 (H3K27me) are linked to gene repression. CC Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) is a specific target for HP1 proteins CC (cbx1, cbx3 and cbx5) and prevents subsequent phosphorylation at Ser-11 CC (H3S10ph) and acetylation of H3 and H4. Methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me) CC and Lys-80 (H3K79me) require preliminary monoubiquitination of H2B at CC 'Lys-120' (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243}. CC -!- PTM: Phosphorylated at Thr-4 (H3T3ph) by HASPIN during prophase and CC dephosphorylated during anaphase. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) CC by aurkb is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle CC progression during mitosis and meiosis. In addition phosphorylation at CC Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by rps6ka4 and rps6ka5 is important during interphase CC because it enables the transcription of genes following external CC stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or UV irradiation CC and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun. CC Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph), which is linked to gene CC activation, prevents methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) but facilitates CC acetylation of H3 and H4. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by aurkb CC mediates the dissociation of HP1 proteins (cbx1, cbx3 and cbx5) from CC heterochromatin. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) is also an CC essential regulatory mechanism for neoplastic cell transformation. CC Phosphorylated at Ser-29 (H3S28ph) by map3k20 isoform 1, rps6ka5 or CC aurkb during mitosis or upon ultraviolet B irradiation. Phosphorylation CC at Thr-7 (H3T6ph) by prkcb is a specific tag for epigenetic CC transcriptional activation that prevents demethylation of Lys-5 CC (H3K4me) by lsd1/kdm1a. At centromeres, specifically phosphorylated at CC Thr-12 (H3T11ph) from prophase to early anaphase, by DAPK3 and PKN1. CC Phosphorylation at Thr-12 (H3T11ph) by PKN1 or isoform M2 of PKM (PKM2) CC is a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation that CC promotes demethylation of Lys-10 (H3K9me) by kdm4c/jmjd2c. CC Phosphorylation at Tyr-42 (H3Y41ph) by jak2 promotes exclusion of cbx5 CC (HP1 alpha) from chromatin. Phosphorylation on Ser-32 (H3S31ph) is CC specific to regions bordering centromeres in metaphase chromosomes. CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243}. CC -!- PTM: Monoubiquitinated by rag1 in lymphoid cells, monoubiquitination is CC required for V(D)J recombination. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243}. CC -!- PTM: Lysine deamination at Lys-5 (H3K4all) to form allysine only takes CC place on H3K4me3 and results in gene repression. CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243}. CC -!- PTM: Butyrylation of histones marks active promoters and competes with CC histone acetylation. It is present during late spermatogenesis. CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68433}. CC -!- PTM: Succinylation at Lys-80 (H3K79succ) by KAT2A takes place with a CC maximum frequency around the transcription start sites of genes. It CC gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcription activation. CC Desuccinylation at Lys-123 (H3K122succ) by SIRT7 in response to DNA CC damage promotes chromatin condensation and double-strand breaks (DSBs) CC repair. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243}. CC -!- PTM: Serine ADP-ribosylation constitutes the primary form of ADP- CC ribosylation of proteins in response to DNA damage. Serine ADP- CC ribosylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ADPr) is mutually exclusive with CC phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) and impairs acetylation at Lys-10 CC (H3K9ac). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68431}. CC -!- PTM: Serotonylated by TGM2 at Gln-6 (H3Q5ser) during serotonergic CC neuron differentiation (By similarity). H3Q5ser is associated with CC trimethylation of Lys-5 (H3K4me3) and enhances general transcription CC factor IID (TFIID) complex-binding to H3K4me3, thereby facilitating CC transcription (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243}. CC -!- PTM: Dopaminylated by TGM2 at Gln-6 (H3Q5dop) in ventral tegmental area CC (VTA) neurons (By similarity). H3Q5dop mediates neurotransmission- CC independent role of nuclear dopamine by regulating relapse-related CC transcriptional plasticity in the reward system (By similarity). CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84245}. CC -!- PTM: Lactylated in macrophages by EP300/P300 by using lactoyl-CoA CC directly derived from endogenous or exogenous lactate, leading to CC stimulates gene transcription. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243}. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the histone H3 family. {ECO:0000305}. CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; BC041218; AAH41218.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC042290; AAH42290.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC042309; AAH42309.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC070966; AAH70966.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC074158; AAH74158.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC106302; AAI06303.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC123120; AAI23121.1; -; mRNA. DR RefSeq; NP_001079375.1; NM_001085906.1. DR RefSeq; NP_001080065.1; NM_001086596.1. DR RefSeq; NP_001085048.1; NM_001091579.1. DR RefSeq; NP_001086074.1; NM_001092605.1. DR RefSeq; NP_001091902.1; NM_001098432.1. DR RefSeq; XP_018091870.1; XM_018236381.1. DR RefSeq; XP_018118148.1; XM_018262659.1. DR RefSeq; XP_018119714.1; XM_018264225.1. DR PDB; 6LTJ; EM; 3.70 A; A/E=1-136. DR PDB; 7EA8; EM; 3.10 A; A/E=34-134. DR PDBsum; 6LTJ; -. DR PDBsum; 7EA8; -. DR AlphaFoldDB; Q6PI79; -. DR EMDB; EMD-0974; -. DR EMDB; EMD-31040; -. DR SASBDB; Q6PI79; -. DR SMR; Q6PI79; -. DR BioGRID; 102666; 1. DR iPTMnet; Q6PI79; -. DR DNASU; 108701569; -. DR DNASU; 108716488; -. DR DNASU; 379062; -. DR DNASU; 379757; -. DR DNASU; 399418; -. DR DNASU; 432115; -. DR DNASU; 444503; -. DR GeneID; 108716488; -. DR GeneID; 379062; -. DR GeneID; 379757; -. DR GeneID; 399418; -. DR GeneID; 444503; -. DR KEGG; xla:108716488; -. DR KEGG; xla:379062; -. DR KEGG; xla:379757; -. DR KEGG; xla:444503; -. DR AGR; Xenbase:XB-GENE-17337112; -. DR AGR; Xenbase:XB-GENE-17346492; -. DR AGR; Xenbase:XB-GENE-488762; -. DR AGR; Xenbase:XB-GENE-5890272; -. DR AGR; Xenbase:XB-GENE-6251829; -. DR CTD; 379062; -. DR CTD; 379757; -. DR CTD; 399418; -. DR CTD; 444503; -. DR Xenbase; XB-GENE-6251829; h3-5.L. DR OrthoDB; 3668569at2759; -. DR Proteomes; UP000186698; Chromosome 5L. DR Proteomes; UP000186698; Chromosome 5S. DR Proteomes; UP000186698; Chromosome 9_10L. DR Proteomes; UP000186698; Chromosome 9_10S. DR Bgee; 108701569; Expressed in gastrula and 19 other cell types or tissues. DR GO; GO:0000786; C:nucleosome; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell. DR GO; GO:0003677; F:DNA binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR GO; GO:0046982; F:protein heterodimerization activity; IEA:InterPro. DR GO; GO:0030527; F:structural constituent of chromatin; IEA:InterPro. DR Gene3D; 1.10.20.10; Histone, subunit A; 1. DR InterPro; IPR009072; Histone-fold. DR InterPro; IPR007125; Histone_H2A/H2B/H3. DR InterPro; IPR000164; Histone_H3/CENP-A. DR PANTHER; PTHR11426; HISTONE H3; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR11426:SF277; HISTONE H3.3; 1. DR Pfam; PF00125; Histone; 1. DR PRINTS; PR00622; HISTONEH3. DR SMART; SM00428; H3; 1. DR SUPFAM; SSF47113; Histone-fold; 1. DR PROSITE; PS00322; HISTONE_H3_1; 1. DR PROSITE; PS00959; HISTONE_H3_2; 1. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW 3D-structure; Acetylation; ADP-ribosylation; Chromosome; DNA-binding; KW Hydroxylation; Methylation; Nucleosome core; Nucleus; Phosphoprotein; KW Reference proteome; Ubl conjugation. FT INIT_MET 1 FT /note="Removed" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CHAIN 2..136 FT /note="Histone H3.3" FT /id="PRO_0000253957" FT REGION 1..43 FT /note="Disordered" FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite" FT SITE 32 FT /note="Interaction with zmynd11" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 3 FT /note="Asymmetric dimethylarginine; by PRMT6" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 4 FT /note="Phosphothreonine; by HASPIN" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 5 FT /note="Allysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 5 FT /note="N6,N6,N6-trimethyllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:12138181" FT MOD_RES 5 FT /note="N6,N6-dimethyllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:12138181" FT MOD_RES 5 FT /note="N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68431" FT MOD_RES 5 FT /note="N6-acetyllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 5 FT /note="N6-methyllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:12138181" FT MOD_RES 6 FT /note="5-glutamyl dopamine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 6 FT /note="5-glutamyl serotonin; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 7 FT /note="Phosphothreonine; by PKC" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 10 FT /note="N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68431" FT MOD_RES 10 FT /note="N6-lactoyllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 10 FT /note="N6-methylated lysine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:12138181" FT MOD_RES 11 FT /note="ADP-ribosylserine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68431" FT MOD_RES 11 FT /note="Phosphoserine; alternate; by AURKB, AURKC, RPS6KA3, FT RPS6KA4 and RPS6KA5" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 12 FT /note="Phosphothreonine; by PKC" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 15 FT /note="N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68431" FT MOD_RES 15 FT /note="N6-acetyllysine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:12138181" FT MOD_RES 15 FT /note="N6-glutaryllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 15 FT /note="N6-lactoyllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84244" FT MOD_RES 18 FT /note="Asymmetric dimethylarginine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:12138181" FT MOD_RES 19 FT /note="N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68431" FT MOD_RES 19 FT /note="N6-acetyllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 19 FT /note="N6-butyryllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68433" FT MOD_RES 19 FT /note="N6-glutaryllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 19 FT /note="N6-lactoyllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 19 FT /note="N6-methylated lysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 24 FT /note="N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68431" FT MOD_RES 24 FT /note="N6-acetyllysine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 24 FT /note="N6-butyryllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68433" FT MOD_RES 24 FT /note="N6-glutaryllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 24 FT /note="N6-lactoyllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 28 FT /note="N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68431" FT MOD_RES 28 FT /note="N6-acetyllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 28 FT /note="N6-glutaryllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 28 FT /note="N6-lactoyllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 28 FT /note="N6-methylated lysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 29 FT /note="ADP-ribosylserine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68431" FT MOD_RES 29 FT /note="Phosphoserine; alternate; by AURKB, AURKC and FT RPS6KA5" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 37 FT /note="N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68431" FT MOD_RES 37 FT /note="N6-acetyllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 37 FT /note="N6-methylated lysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 42 FT /note="Phosphotyrosine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 57 FT /note="N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68431" FT MOD_RES 57 FT /note="N6-glutaryllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 57 FT /note="N6-lactoyllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84244" FT MOD_RES 57 FT /note="N6-succinyllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84244" FT MOD_RES 58 FT /note="Phosphoserine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 65 FT /note="N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68431" FT MOD_RES 65 FT /note="N6-methylated lysine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 80 FT /note="N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68431" FT MOD_RES 80 FT /note="N6-glutaryllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 80 FT /note="N6-lactoyllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 80 FT /note="N6-methylated lysine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 80 FT /note="N6-succinyllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84244" FT MOD_RES 81 FT /note="Phosphothreonine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 116 FT /note="N6-acetyllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 116 FT /note="N6-glutaryllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 123 FT /note="N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68431" FT MOD_RES 123 FT /note="N6-acetyllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 123 FT /note="N6-glutaryllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 123 FT /note="N6-methyllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT MOD_RES 123 FT /note="N6-succinyllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P84243" FT HELIX 46..57 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7EA8" FT HELIX 65..76 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7EA8" FT TURN 77..79 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7EA8" FT STRAND 80..82 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7EA8" FT HELIX 88..114 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7EA8" FT STRAND 118..120 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7EA8" FT HELIX 122..132 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7EA8" SQ SEQUENCE 136 AA; 15328 MW; 5158ED279E6F9E1C CRC64; MARTKQTARK STGGKAPRKQ LATKAARKSA PSTGGVKKPH RYRPGTVALR EIRRYQKSTE LLIRKLPFQR LVREIAQDFK TDLRFQSAAI GALQEASEAY LVGLFEDTNL CAIHAKRVTI MPKDIQLARR IRGERA //