ID   DLX1_MOUSE              Reviewed;         255 AA.
AC   Q64317;
DT   01-NOV-1997, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-NOV-1996, sequence version 1.
DT   27-MAR-2024, entry version 175.
DE   RecName: Full=Homeobox protein DLX-1;
GN   Name=Dlx1;
OS   Mus musculus (Mouse).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC   Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae;
OC   Murinae; Mus; Mus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=10090;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA].
RC   STRAIN=129;
RX   PubMed=8812481; DOI=10.1006/geno.1996.0387;
RA   McGuinness T., Porteus M.H., Smiga S., Bulfone A., Kingsley C., Qiu M.,
RA   Liu J.K., Long J.E., Xu D., Rubenstein J.L.R.;
RT   "Sequence, organization, and transcription of the Dlx-1 and Dlx-2 locus.";
RL   Genomics 35:473-485(1996).
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC   STRAIN=C57BL/6J; TISSUE=Brain;
RX   PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504;
RG   The MGC Project Team;
RT   "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project:
RT   the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
RL   Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
RN   [3]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 98-255, POSSIBLE FUNCTION, TISSUE
RP   SPECIFICITY, AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
RC   TISSUE=Brain;
RX   PubMed=1676488; DOI=10.1038/351748a0;
RA   Price M., Lemaistre M., Pischetola M., di Lauro R., Duboule D.;
RT   "A mouse gene related to Distal-less shows a restricted expression in the
RT   developing forebrain.";
RL   Nature 351:748-751(1991).
RN   [4]
RP   FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH POU4F2, AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
RX   PubMed=21875655; DOI=10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.08.015;
RA   Feng L., Eisenstat D.D., Chiba S., Ishizaki Y., Gan L., Shibasaki K.;
RT   "Brn-3b inhibits generation of amacrine cells by binding to and negatively
RT   regulating DLX1/2 in developing retina.";
RL   Neuroscience 195:9-20(2011).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Plays a role as a transcriptional activator or repressor
CC       (PubMed:21875655). Inhibits several cytokine signaling pathways, such
CC       as TGFB1, activin-A/INHBA and BMP4 by interfering with the
CC       transcriptional stimulatory activity of transcription factors, such as
CC       MSX2, FAST2, SMAD2 and SMAD3 during hematopoietic cell differentiation
CC       (By similarity). Plays a role in terminal differentiation of
CC       interneurons, such as amacrine and bipolar cells in the developing
CC       retina (PubMed:21875655). Likely to play a regulatory role in the
CC       development of the ventral forebrain (PubMed:1676488). May play a role
CC       in craniofacial patterning and morphogenesis and may be involved in the
CC       early development of diencephalic subdivisions (PubMed:1676488).
CC       {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P56177, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1676488,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:21875655}.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Interacts with SMAD4 (via homeobox DNA-binding domain) (By
CC       similarity). Interacts (via homeobox DNA-binding domain) with POU4F2;
CC       this interaction suppresses DLX1-mediated transcriptional activity in
CC       postnatal retina and enhances retinal ganglion cell (RGC)
CC       differentiation (PubMed:21875655). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P56177,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:21875655}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P56177}.
CC   -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in a restricted region of the developing
CC       brain, within the diencephalon and the adjacent telencephalic regions.
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:1676488}.
CC   -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Expressed in developing retinal progenitor cells
CC       at 12 dpc (PubMed:21875655). Has a segmental expression in the
CC       developing forebrain (PubMed:1676488). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:1676488,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:21875655}.
CC   -!- DOMAIN: The homeobox DNA-binding domain is necessary for its nuclear
CC       localization, transcriptional and erythroid differentiation activities.
CC       {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P56177}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the distal-less homeobox family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; U51001; AAB40900.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; U51000; AAB40899.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; BC079609; AAH79609.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; X57552; CAB37647.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   CCDS; CCDS16116.1; -.
DR   RefSeq; NP_034183.1; NM_010053.2.
DR   RefSeq; XP_006498734.1; XM_006498671.3.
DR   RefSeq; XP_006498735.1; XM_006498672.3.
DR   RefSeq; XP_006498736.1; XM_006498673.3.
DR   RefSeq; XP_017170794.1; XM_017315305.1.
DR   RefSeq; XP_017170796.1; XM_017315307.1.
DR   RefSeq; XP_017170800.1; XM_017315311.1.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; Q64317; -.
DR   SMR; Q64317; -.
DR   BioGRID; 199234; 11.
DR   IntAct; Q64317; 10.
DR   STRING; 10090.ENSMUSP00000042413; -.
DR   PhosphoSitePlus; Q64317; -.
DR   MaxQB; Q64317; -.
DR   PaxDb; 10090-ENSMUSP00000042413; -.
DR   PeptideAtlas; Q64317; -.
DR   ProteomicsDB; 279725; -.
DR   Pumba; Q64317; -.
DR   ABCD; Q64317; 1 sequenced antibody.
DR   Antibodypedia; 33859; 421 antibodies from 33 providers.
DR   DNASU; 13390; -.
DR   Ensembl; ENSMUST00000037119.4; ENSMUSP00000042413.4; ENSMUSG00000041911.4.
DR   GeneID; 13390; -.
DR   KEGG; mmu:13390; -.
DR   UCSC; uc008kau.1; mouse.
DR   AGR; MGI:94901; -.
DR   CTD; 1745; -.
DR   MGI; MGI:94901; Dlx1.
DR   VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSMUSG00000041911; -.
DR   eggNOG; KOG0850; Eukaryota.
DR   GeneTree; ENSGT00940000160029; -.
DR   HOGENOM; CLU_074733_2_0_1; -.
DR   InParanoid; Q64317; -.
DR   OMA; MEFGPPG; -.
DR   OrthoDB; 2969529at2759; -.
DR   PhylomeDB; Q64317; -.
DR   TreeFam; TF315720; -.
DR   BioGRID-ORCS; 13390; 0 hits in 78 CRISPR screens.
DR   ChiTaRS; Dlx1; mouse.
DR   PRO; PR:Q64317; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000000589; Chromosome 2.
DR   RNAct; Q64317; Protein.
DR   Bgee; ENSMUSG00000041911; Expressed in medial ganglionic eminence and 183 other cell types or tissues.
DR   ExpressionAtlas; Q64317; baseline and differential.
DR   GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; ISO:MGI.
DR   GO; GO:0043231; C:intracellular membrane-bounded organelle; ISO:MGI.
DR   GO; GO:0005654; C:nucleoplasm; ISO:MGI.
DR   GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IDA:MGI.
DR   GO; GO:0003682; F:chromatin binding; IDA:MGI.
DR   GO; GO:0003677; F:DNA binding; IDA:MGI.
DR   GO; GO:0000981; F:DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; IDA:NTNU_SB.
DR   GO; GO:0000978; F:RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0000977; F:RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; IDA:NTNU_SB.
DR   GO; GO:1990837; F:sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding; ISO:MGI.
DR   GO; GO:0030154; P:cell differentiation; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0071773; P:cellular response to BMP stimulus; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0071560; P:cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0021892; P:cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron differentiation; IGI:MGI.
DR   GO; GO:0021893; P:cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron fate commitment; IGI:MGI.
DR   GO; GO:0048706; P:embryonic skeletal system development; IMP:MGI.
DR   GO; GO:0021879; P:forebrain neuron differentiation; IGI:MGI.
DR   GO; GO:0097154; P:GABAergic neuron differentiation; IGI:MGI.
DR   GO; GO:0021766; P:hippocampus development; IGI:MGI.
DR   GO; GO:0030514; P:negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:1903845; P:negative regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0043524; P:negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process; IMP:MGI.
DR   GO; GO:0045746; P:negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway; IGI:MGI.
DR   GO; GO:0048715; P:negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation; IGI:MGI.
DR   GO; GO:0046533; P:negative regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0000122; P:negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IGI:MGI.
DR   GO; GO:0014016; P:neuroblast differentiation; IMP:MGI.
DR   GO; GO:0051402; P:neuron apoptotic process; IMP:MGI.
DR   GO; GO:0007219; P:Notch signaling pathway; IGI:MGI.
DR   GO; GO:0042475; P:odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth; IGI:MGI.
DR   GO; GO:0048709; P:oligodendrocyte differentiation; IGI:MGI.
DR   GO; GO:1902871; P:positive regulation of amacrine cell differentiation; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0045597; P:positive regulation of cell differentiation; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0045944; P:positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0009954; P:proximal/distal pattern formation; IMP:MGI.
DR   GO; GO:0006357; P:regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IDA:NTNU_SB.
DR   GO; GO:0021544; P:subpallium development; IGI:MGI.
DR   CDD; cd00086; homeodomain; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 1.10.10.60; Homeodomain-like; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR009057; Homeobox-like_sf.
DR   InterPro; IPR017970; Homeobox_CS.
DR   InterPro; IPR001356; Homeobox_dom.
DR   InterPro; IPR020479; Homeobox_metazoa.
DR   InterPro; IPR000047; HTH_motif.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR24327; HOMEOBOX PROTEIN; 1.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR24327:SF33; HOMEOBOX PROTEIN DLX-1; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF00046; Homeodomain; 1.
DR   PRINTS; PR00024; HOMEOBOX.
DR   PRINTS; PR00031; HTHREPRESSR.
DR   SMART; SM00389; HOX; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF46689; Homeodomain-like; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00027; HOMEOBOX_1; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS50071; HOMEOBOX_2; 1.
DR   Genevisible; Q64317; MM.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Activator; Developmental protein; Differentiation; DNA-binding; Homeobox;
KW   Nucleus; Reference proteome; Repressor; Transcription;
KW   Transcription regulation.
FT   CHAIN           1..255
FT                   /note="Homeobox protein DLX-1"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000049021"
FT   DNA_BIND        128..187
FT                   /note="Homeobox"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00108"
FT   REGION          1..38
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   REGION          95..118
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   REGION          204..233
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   COMPBIAS        218..233
FT                   /note="Polar residues"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   CONFLICT        98..103
FT                   /note="QSRLED -> PEPPGG (in Ref. 3)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        123
FT                   /note="G -> GQ (in Ref. 3)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
SQ   SEQUENCE   255 AA;  27309 MW;  99B474F5D3FD8B6D CRC64;
     MTMTTMPESL NSPVSGKAVF MEFGPPNQQM SPSPMSHGHY SMHCLHSAGH SQPDGAYSSA
     SSFSRPLGYP YVNSVSSHAS SPYISSVQSY PGSASLAQSR LEDPGADSEK STVVEGGEVR
     FNGKGKKIRK PRTIYSSLQL QALNRRFQQT QYLALPERAE LAASLGLTQT QVKIWFQNKR
     SKFKKLMKQG GAALEGSALA NGRALSAGSP PVPPGWNPNS SSGKGSGSSA GSYVPSYTSW
     YPSAHQEAMQ QPQLM
//