Q60867 (NDF1_MOUSE) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 117.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Neurogenic differentiation factor 1 Short name=NeuroD1 Alternative name(s): Beta-cell E-box transcriptional activator 2 Short name=Beta2 | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Mus musculus (Mouse) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 10090 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Sciurognathi › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Mus › Mus![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 357 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Acts as a transcriptional activator: mediates transcriptional activation by binding to E box-containing promoter consensus core sequences 5'-CANNTG-3'. Associates with the p300/CBP transcription coactivator complex to stimulate transcription of the secretin gene as well as the gene encoding the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor CDKN1A. Contributes to the regulation of several cell differentiation pathways, like those that promote the formation of early retinal ganglion cells, inner ear sensory neurons, granule cells forming either the cerebellum or the dentate gyrus cell layer of the hippocampus, endocrine islet cells of the pancreas and enteroendocrine cells of the small intestine. Together with PAX6 or SIX3, is required for the regulation of amacrine cell fate specification. Also required for dendrite morphogenesis and maintenance in the cerebellar cortex. Associates with chromatin to enhancer regulatory elements in genes encoding key transcriptional regulators of neurogenesis. Ref.4 Ref.5 Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.16 Ref.17 Ref.18 Ref.20 |
| Subunit structure | Heterodimer with TCF3/E47; the heterodimer is inhibited in presence of ID2, but not NR0B2, to E-box element. Interacts with EP300; the interaction is inhibited by NR0B2. Interacts with TCF3; the interaction is inhibited by ID2. Interacts with RREB1 By similarity. Heterodimer with TCF3/E47. Efficient DNA-binding requires dimerization with another bHLH protein. Interacts (via helix-loop-helix motif domain) with EP300 (via C-terminus). Ref.5 Ref.11 Ref.21 |
| Subcellular location | Cytoplasm By similarity. Nucleus By similarity. Note: In pancreatic islet cells, shuttles to the nucleus in response to glucose stimulation. Colocalizes with NR0B2 in the nucleus By similarity. |
| Tissue specificity | Expressed in pancreatic beta cells, pulmonary neuroendocrine cells and retinal interneurons amacrine cells (at protein level). Expressed in endocrine cells of the pancreas. Expressed in the inner layer of cerebellar external granular layer (EGL). Expressed in the Ammon's horn (AH), which includes the CA1-CA3 pyramidal layer and in granule cells of the dentate gyrus (DG). Expressed in photoreceptors of the outer nuclear layer (ONL), in a subset of cells in the lower half of the inner nuclear layer (INL), and in a subset of cells in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the retina. Expressed in cholinergic and AII amacrine cell types. Expressed in differentiating neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Ref.4 Ref.6 Ref.9 Ref.11 Ref.13 Ref.18 |
| Developmental stage | Expressed in glucagon- and ghrelin-producing cells of the pancreas at 14.5 dpc. Expressed in each of the hormone-producing cells population of the pancreas, except somatostatin-producing cells at 16.5 dpc (at protein level). Expressed during embryonic development. Expressed in the earliest islet precursor cells of the pancreas at 9.5 dpc. Expressed in neuronal cells in the inner ear between 9.5 and 12.5 dpc. Expressed within the otic epithelium and among the delaminating cells migrating away from the ear to form sensory neurons at E10.5. Expressed in the upper blade of the nascent dentate gyrus at 16.5 dpc. Ref.4 Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.10 Ref.20 |
| Induction | |
| Post-translational modification | In islet cells, phosphorylated on Ser-274 upon glucose stimulation; which may be required for nuclear localization. In activated neurons, phosphorylated on Ser-336; which promotes dendritic growth By similarity. Phosphorylated by MAPK1; phosphorylation regulates heterodimerization and DNA-binding activities. Phosphorylation on Ser-266 and Ser-274 increases transactivation on the insulin promoter in glucose-stimulated insulinoma cells. Ref.11 Ref.14 |
| Disruption phenotype | Mice are deaf and die shortly after birth due to neonatal diabetes that results from developmental and functional defects of the pancreatic endocrine cells. Show a loss of enteroendocrine cells in the small intestine, airway and alveolar epithelial cells in the lung, granular neuronal cells in the cerebellum, hippocampal dentate gyrus and sensory neurons in the inner ear due to extensive cell death that occurs during the early stages of differentiation. Ref.4 Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.16 |
| Sequence similarities | Contains 1 bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) domain. |
Ontologies
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||||||||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 357 | 357 | Neurogenic differentiation factor 1 | PRO_0000127383 | |||||||||||||
Regions | |||||||||||||||||
| Domain | 101 – 153 | 53 | bHLH | ||||||||||||||
| Motif | 87 – 93 | 7 | Nuclear localization signal Potential | ||||||||||||||
| Compositional bias | 58 – 77 | 20 | Glu-rich (acidic) | ||||||||||||||
| Compositional bias | 58 – 64 | 7 | Poly-Glu | ||||||||||||||
| Compositional bias | 67 – 77 | 11 | Poly-Glu | ||||||||||||||
| Compositional bias | 87 – 90 | 4 | Poly-Lys | ||||||||||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 162 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.11 | ||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 259 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.11 Ref.14 | ||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 266 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.11 Ref.14 | ||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 274 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.11 Ref.14 | ||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 336 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by CaMK2 By similarity | ||||||||||||||
Experimental info | |||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 162 | 1 | S → A: Reduces weakly phosphorylation. Reduces strongly phosphorylation; when associated with A-259 and A-266. Ref.11 | ||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 259 | 1 | S → A: Reduces weakly phosphorylation. Reduces strongly phosphorylation; when associated with A-162 and A-266. Reduces transactivation on the insulin promoter in glucose-stimulated insulinoma cells; when associated with A-266 and A-274. Ref.11 Ref.14 | ||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 266 | 1 | S → A: Reduces weakly phosphorylation. Reduces strongly phosphorylation; when associated with A-162 and A-259. Reduces transactivation on the insulin promoter in glucose-stimulated insulinoma cells; when associated with A-259 and A-274. Ref.11 Ref.14 | ||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 274 | 1 | S → A: Reduces strongly phosphorylation. Reduces transactivation on the insulin promoter in glucose-stimulated insulinoma cells; when associated with A-259 and A-266. Ref.11 Ref.14 | ||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 279 | 1 | I → V: Promotes the formation of differentiated late retinal amacrine cells. | ||||||||||||||
Secondary structure | |||||||||||||||||
Helix Strand Turn | |||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 102 – 126 | 25 | |||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 128 – 130 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 133 – 135 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
| Helix | 139 – 156 | 18 | |||||||||||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Conversion of Xenopus ectoderm into neurons by NeuroD, a basic helix-loop-helix protein." Lee J.E., Hollenberg S.M., Snider L., Turner D.L., Lipnick N., Weintraub H. Science 268:836-844(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA]. Strain: 129/Sv and MF1. |
| [2] | "The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome." Carninci P., Kasukawa T., Katayama S., Gough J., Frith M.C., Maeda N., Oyama R., Ravasi T., Lenhard B., Wells C., Kodzius R., Shimokawa K., Bajic V.B., Brenner S.E., Batalov S., Forrest A.R., Zavolan M., Davis M.J. Hayashizaki Y.Science 309:1559-1563(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Strain: C57BL/6J. Tissue: Cerebellum. |
| [3] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Eye. |
| [4] | "Diabetes, defective pancreatic morphogenesis, and abnormal enteroendocrine differentiation in BETA2/neuroD-deficient mice." Naya F.J., Huang H.P., Qiu Y., Mutoh H., DeMayo F.J., Leiter A.B., Tsai M.J. Genes Dev. 11:2323-2334(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE. |
| [5] | "The basic helix-loop-helix protein BETA2 interacts with p300 to coordinate differentiation of secretin-expressing enteroendocrine cells." Mutoh H., Naya F.J., Tsai M.J., Leiter A.B. Genes Dev. 12:820-830(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH EP300, DNA-BINDING. |
| [6] | "NeuroD is required for differentiation of the granule cells in the cerebellum and hippocampus." Miyata T., Maeda T., Lee J.E. Genes Dev. 13:1647-1652(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [7] | "Loss of BETA2/NeuroD leads to malformation of the dentate gyrus and epilepsy." Liu M., Pleasure S.J., Collins A.E., Noebels J.L., Naya F.J., Tsai M.J., Lowenstein D.H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:865-870(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE. |
| [8] | "NeuroD-null mice are deaf due to a severe loss of the inner ear sensory neurons during development." Kim W.Y., Fritzsch B., Serls A., Bakel L.A., Huang E.J., Reichardt L.F., Barth D.S., Lee J.E. Development 128:417-426(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE. |
| [9] | "Math3 and NeuroD regulate amacrine cell fate specification in the retina." Inoue T., Hojo M., Bessho Y., Tano Y., Lee J.E., Kageyama R. Development 129:831-842(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [10] | "Posttranslational mechanisms control the timing of bHLH function and regulate retinal cell fate." Moore K.B., Schneider M.L., Vetter M.L. Neuron 34:183-195(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF 274-SER--SER-278, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE. |
| [11] | "Regulation of insulin gene transcription by ERK1 and ERK2 in pancreatic beta cells." Khoo S., Griffen S.C., Xia Y., Baer R.J., German M.S., Cobb M.H. J. Biol. Chem. 278:32969-32977(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, HETERODIMERIZATION, PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-162; SER-259; SER-266 AND SER-274, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-162; SER-259; SER-266 AND SER-274. |
| [12] | "Regulation of neuroD2 expression in mouse brain." Lin C.H., Stoeck J., Ravanpay A.C., Guillemot F., Tapscott S.J., Olson J.M. Dev. Biol. 265:234-245(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, DNA-BINDING. |
| [13] | "Orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner, a novel corepressor for a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor BETA2/neuroD." Kim J.Y., Chu K., Kim H.J., Seong H.A., Park K.C., Sanyal S., Takeda J., Ha H., Shong M., Tsai M.J., Choi H.S. Mol. Endocrinol. 18:776-790(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [14] | "Context-dependent regulation of NeuroD activity and protein accumulation." Dufton C., Marcora E., Chae J.H., McCullough J., Eby J., Hausburg M., Stein G.H., Khoo S., Cobb M.H., Lee J.E. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 28:727-736(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-259; SER-266 AND SER-274, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-259; SER-266 AND SER-274. |
| [15] | "Neurogenin and NeuroD direct transcriptional targets and their regulatory enhancers." Seo S., Lim J.W., Yellajoshyula D., Chang L.W., Kroll K.L. EMBO J. 26:5093-5108(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, ASSOCIATION WITH CHROMATIN. |
| [16] | "Targeted disruption of NeuroD, a proneural basic helix-loop-helix factor, impairs distal lung formation and neuroendocrine morphology in the neonatal lung." Neptune E.R., Podowski M., Calvi C., Cho J.H., Garcia J.G., Tuder R., Linnoila R.I., Tsai M.J., Dietz H.C. J. Biol. Chem. 283:21160-21169(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE. |
| [17] | "Involvement of Ngn2, Tbr and NeuroD proteins during postnatal olfactory bulb neurogenesis." Roybon L., Deierborg T., Brundin P., Li J.Y. Eur. J. Neurosci. 29:232-243(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [18] | "Cooperative transcriptional regulation of the essential pancreatic islet gene NeuroD1 (beta2) by Nkx2.2 and neurogenin 3." Anderson K.R., Torres C.A., Solomon K., Becker T.C., Newgard C.B., Wright C.V., Hagman J., Sussel L. J. Biol. Chem. 284:31236-31248(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INDUCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [19] | "mu-Opioid receptor agonists differentially regulate the expression of miR-190 and NeuroD." Zheng H., Zeng Y., Zhang X., Chu J., Loh H.H., Law P.Y. Mol. Pharmacol. 77:102-109(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION. |
| [20] | "NeuroD factors regulate cell fate and neurite stratification in the developing retina." Cherry T.J., Wang S., Bormuth I., Schwab M., Olson J., Cepko C.L. J. Neurosci. 31:7365-7379(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE. |
| [21] | "Crystal structure of E47-NeuroD1/beta2 bHLH domain-DNA complex: heterodimer selectivity and DNA recognition." Longo A., Guanga G.P., Rose R.B. Biochemistry 47:218-229(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.5 ANGSTROMS) OF 102-160 IN COMPLEX WITH TCF3 AND PROMOTER E-BOX DNA SEQUENCE, SUBUNIT. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | U28068 mRNA. Translation: AAC52203.1. U28888 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC52204.1. AK005073 mRNA. Translation: BAB23797.1. AK018781 mRNA. Translation: BAB31405.1. BC018241 mRNA. Translation: AAH18241.1. | ||||||||||||
| IPI | IPI00121519. | ||||||||||||
| PIR | I49338. | ||||||||||||
| RefSeq | NP_035024.1. NM_010894.2. | ||||||||||||
| UniGene | Mm.4636. | ||||||||||||
3D structure databases | |||||||||||||
| PDBe RCSB PDB PDBj |
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| ProteinModelPortal | Q60867. | ||||||||||||
| SMR | Q60867. Positions 102-158. | ||||||||||||
| ModBase | Search... | ||||||||||||
Protein-protein interaction databases | |||||||||||||
| IntAct | Q60867. 1 interaction. | ||||||||||||
PTM databases | |||||||||||||
| PhosphoSite | Q60867. | ||||||||||||
Proteomic databases | |||||||||||||
| PRIDE | Q60867. | ||||||||||||
Protocols and materials databases | |||||||||||||
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... | ||||||||||||
Genome annotation databases | |||||||||||||
| Ensembl | ENSMUST00000041099; ENSMUSP00000040364; ENSMUSG00000034701. | ||||||||||||
| GeneID | 18012. | ||||||||||||
| KEGG | mmu:18012. | ||||||||||||
Organism-specific databases | |||||||||||||
| CTD | 4760. | ||||||||||||
| MGI | MGI:1339708. Neurod1. | ||||||||||||
Phylogenomic databases | |||||||||||||
| eggNOG | NOG287211. | ||||||||||||
| GeneTree | ENSGT00680000099860. | ||||||||||||
| HOGENOM | HOG000049256. | ||||||||||||
| HOVERGEN | HBG000250. | ||||||||||||
| InParanoid | Q60867. | ||||||||||||
| KO | K08033. | ||||||||||||
| OMA | DEEHETD. | ||||||||||||
| OrthoDB | EOG44F69G. | ||||||||||||
Enzyme and pathway databases | |||||||||||||
| Reactome | REACT_13641. Regulation of Beta-Cell Development. | ||||||||||||
Gene expression databases | |||||||||||||
| ArrayExpress | Q60867. | ||||||||||||
| Bgee | Q60867. | ||||||||||||
| CleanEx | MM_NEUROD1. | ||||||||||||
| Genevestigator | Q60867. | ||||||||||||
| GermOnline | ENSMUSG00000034701. Mus musculus. | ||||||||||||
Family and domain databases | |||||||||||||
| Gene3D | 4.10.280.10. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||
| InterPro | IPR011598. bHLH_dom. IPR022575. Neurogenic_DUF. IPR016637. TF_bHLH_NeuroD. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| Pfam | PF00010. HLH. 1 hit. PF12533. Neuro_bHLH. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| PIRSF | PIRSF015618. bHLH_NeuroD. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||
| SMART | SM00353. HLH. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| SUPFAM | SSF47459. HLH_basic. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||
| PROSITE | PS50888. BHLH. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| ProtoNet | Search... | ||||||||||||
Other | |||||||||||||
| EvolutionaryTrace | Q60867. | ||||||||||||
| NextBio | 293037. | ||||||||||||
| SOURCE | Search... | ||||||||||||
Entry information
| Entry name | NDF1_MOUSE | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q60867 Secondary accession number(s): Q545N9, Q60897 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| MGD cross-references Mouse Genome Database (MGD) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| PDB cross-references Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
