Q5XHX6 (TXND2_RAT) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 2

Alternative name(s):
Spermatid-specific thioredoxin-1
Short name=Sptrx-1

Gene names

Name:	Txndc2
Synonyms:	Sptrx, Sptrx1

Organism

Rattus norvegicus (Rat) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

10116 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Sciurognathi › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Rattus

Protein attributes

Sequence length	550 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Probably plays a regulatory role in sperm development. May participate in regulation of fibrous sheath (FS) assembly by supporting the formation of disulfide bonds during sperm tail morphogenesis. May also be required to rectify incorrect disulfide pairing and generate suitable pairs between the FS constituents. Can reduce disulfide bonds in vitro in the presence of NADP and thioredoxin reductase By similarity.
Subcellular location	Cytoplasm By similarity.
Tissue specificity	Testis-specific. Strongly expressed in the testicular seminiferous tubules, mostly in the round spermatids. Ref.2
Developmental stage	Transiently expressed in spermiogenesis, being mostly concentrated in the periaxonemal compartment of the tail of the elongating spermatid, where it transiently associates with the longitudinal column of the FS. In the very last steps (steps 17-19), when periaxonemal expression disappears, it is still weakly present in the shrinking cytoplasmic lobe (at protein level). Ref.2
Sequence similarities	Contains 1 thioredoxin domain.
Sequence caution	The sequence AAH79238.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. The sequence AAH83924.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Differentiation Spermatogenesis
Cellular component	Cytoplasm
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative splicing
Domain	Redox-active center Repeat
Molecular function	Developmental protein
PTM	Disulfide bond
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	cell differentiation Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW cell redox homeostasis Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro glycerol ether metabolic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro multicellular organismal development Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW spermatogenesis Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular_component	cytoplasm Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell nucleolus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara outer dense fiber Inferred from direct assay PubMed 12149401. Source: RGD
Molecular_function	electron carrier activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]

Isoform 1 (identifier: Q5XHX6-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Isoform 2 (identifier: Q5XHX6-2)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-43: MFKKNQKLSKDKGLEVNSVQAGAPEESDVKLNNGGKANERGSN → MQSKCGKQANDLKMITELFLK

Note: No experimental confirmation available.

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 550	550	Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 2		PRO_0000120155
Regions
	Repeat	104 – 118	15	1
	Repeat	119 – 133	15	2
	Repeat	134 – 148	15	3
	Repeat	149 – 163	15	4
	Repeat	164 – 178	15	5
	Repeat	179 – 193	15	6
	Repeat	194 – 208	15	7
	Repeat	209 – 223	15	8
	Repeat	224 – 238	15	9
	Repeat	239 – 252	14	10
	Repeat	253 – 267	15	11
	Repeat	268 – 282	15	12
	Repeat	283 – 297	15	13
	Repeat	298 – 312	15	14
	Repeat	313 – 327	15	15
	Repeat	328 – 342	15	16
	Repeat	343 – 357	15	17
	Repeat	358 – 384	27	18
	Repeat	385 – 399	15	19
	Repeat	400 – 412	13	20
	Domain	401 – 550	150	Thioredoxin
	Repeat	413 – 425	13	21
	Repeat	426 – 440	15	22
	Region	104 – 440	337	22 X 15 AA approximate tandem repeat of Q-P-K-X-G-D-I-P-K-S-[PS]-E-[KE]-X-I
Amino acid modifications
	Disulfide bond	477 ↔ 480		Redox-active By similarity
Natural variations
	Alternative sequence	1 – 43	43	MFKKN…ERGSN → MQSKCGKQANDLKMITELFL K in isoform 2.		VSP_014329

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform 1 [UniParc]. Last modified July 5, 2005. Version 2. Checksum: 5F624DF65422E2A4	FASTA	550	61,103
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MFKKNQKLSK DKGLEVNSVQ AGAPEESDVK LNNGGKANER GSNEFLDTAQ SKEKVIASVV 70 80 90 100 110 120 GNMLHMSTEE SEPPQQVSST SMFSENTIYP KHEGSPKSST KNTQLKQEDI SKTSSYSKQT 130 140 150 160 170 180 NSSNIPKSLA ITTYPKQGST LKPAANGTHD REAEKPKSSE DLIQSKKGDI FKPSEDSIQS 190 200 210 220 230 240 KKGDMPKSSE DPIQSKKDDT AKSLEDTIQS KNGDMPKSSE DPIQSKKDDT ARSLEDSIQS 250 260 270 280 290 300 KKGDMPKSSD TIQSKESETP KFLQDTIQSK GGKINKQVKD SMKSKESKIR KPLKDSIQSK 310 320 330 340 350 360 ENKIPKSSQD SAQPKEGKIH KPLKDSLPSK EGDISKPSED TIQAKEEITV SPEDTIQAKE 370 380 390 400 410 420 EITMSPEDTI QAKEEITVSP EDTIQAKEEI TVSPEDTMQS KEEITVSPED TVQSQEGDIK 430 440 450 460 470 480 SSEDVQPSEN EIFPFEAEIE TLEEGMVRVI KDKEEFEEVL KDAGEKLVAV DFSAPWCGPC 490 500 510 520 530 540 RKMRPHFHSL SLKHEDVIFL EVDTEDCEQL VQDCEVFHLP TFQFYKNEEK VGEFSGALVE 550 KLEKSIAELK
	Isoform 2 [UniParc]. Checksum: 66FADB8840623C35	FASTA	528	58,912
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MQSKCGKQAN DLKMITELFL KEFLDTAQSK EKVIASVVGN MLHMSTEESE PPQQVSSTSM 70 80 90 100 110 120 FSENTIYPKH EGSPKSSTKN TQLKQEDISK TSSYSKQTNS SNIPKSLAIT TYPKQGSTLK 130 140 150 160 170 180 PAANGTHDRE AEKPKSSEDL IQSKKGDIFK PSEDSIQSKK GDMPKSSEDP IQSKKDDTAK 190 200 210 220 230 240 SLEDTIQSKN GDMPKSSEDP IQSKKDDTAR SLEDSIQSKK GDMPKSSDTI QSKESETPKF 250 260 270 280 290 300 LQDTIQSKGG KINKQVKDSM KSKESKIRKP LKDSIQSKEN KIPKSSQDSA QPKEGKIHKP 310 320 330 340 350 360 LKDSLPSKEG DISKPSEDTI QAKEEITVSP EDTIQAKEEI TMSPEDTIQA KEEITVSPED 370 380 390 400 410 420 TIQAKEEITV SPEDTMQSKE EITVSPEDTV QSQEGDIKSS EDVQPSENEI FPFEAEIETL 430 440 450 460 470 480 EEGMVRVIKD KEEFEEVLKD AGEKLVAVDF SAPWCGPCRK MRPHFHSLSL KHEDVIFLEV 490 500 510 520 DTEDCEQLVQ DCEVFHLPTF QFYKNEEKVG EFSGALVEKL EKSIAELK

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2). Tissue: Testis.
[2]	"Developmental expression of spermatid-specific thioredoxin-1 protein: transient association to the longitudinal columns of the fibrous sheath during sperm tail formation." Yu Y., Oko R., Miranda-Vizuete A. Biol. Reprod. 67:1546-1554(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	BC079238 mRNA. Translation: AAH79238.1. Different initiation. BC083924 mRNA. Translation: AAH83924.1. Different initiation.
IPI	IPI00363611. IPI00608181.
RefSeq	NP_001005559.2. NM_001005559.2. NP_001139476.1. NM_001146004.1.
UniGene	Rn.122669.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	Q5XHX6.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRING	10116.ENSRNOP00000048534.
Proteomic databases
PaxDb	Q5XHX6.
PRIDE	Q5XHX6.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENSRNOT00000032330; ENSRNOP00000034030; ENSRNOG00000027916. ENSRNOT00000043492; ENSRNOP00000048534; ENSRNOG00000027916.
GeneID	316777.
KEGG	rno:316777.
UCSC	RGD:1359251. rat.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	84203.
RGD	1359251. Txndc2.
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	COG0526.
GeneTree	ENSGT00530000063008.
HOGENOM	HOG000154719.
HOVERGEN	HBG087115.
InParanoid	Q5XHX6.
OMA	GNIPKAS.
OrthoDB	EOG47PX7J.
Gene expression databases
Genevestigator	Q5XHX6.
Family and domain databases
Gene3D	3.40.30.10. 1 hit.
InterPro	IPR005746. Thioredoxin. IPR012336. Thioredoxin-like_fold. IPR013766. Thioredoxin_domain. [Graphical view]
PANTHER	PTHR10438. PTHR10438. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF00085. Thioredoxin. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SUPFAM	SSF52833. Thiordxn-like_fd. 1 hit.
PROSITE	PS00194. THIOREDOXIN_1. False negative. PS51352. THIOREDOXIN_2. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
NextBio	671238.

Entry information

Entry name

TXND2_RAT

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q5XHX6
Secondary accession number(s): Q6AY11

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 5, 2005
Last sequence update:	July 5, 2005
Last modified:	April 3, 2013
This is version 70 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program