ID RNLS_HUMAN Reviewed; 342 AA. AC Q5VYX0; Q9BS33; Q9NUP8; DT 30-AUG-2005, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 07-DEC-2004, sequence version 1. DT 24-JAN-2024, entry version 157. DE RecName: Full=Renalase {ECO:0000303|PubMed:15841207}; DE EC=1.6.3.5 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23964689, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25531177}; DE AltName: Full=Monoamine oxidase-C; DE Short=MAO-C; DE Flags: Precursor; GN Name=RNLS; Synonyms=C10orf59; OS Homo sapiens (Human). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; OC Homo. OX NCBI_TaxID=9606; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2). RC TISSUE=Placenta; RX PubMed=14702039; DOI=10.1038/ng1285; RA Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., RA Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., RA Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S., RA Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., RA Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., RA Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., RA Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., RA Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., RA Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., RA Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., RA Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., RA Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., RA Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., RA Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., RA Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., RA Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., RA Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., RA Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., RA Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., RA Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., RA Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., RA Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., RA Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., RA Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., RA Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., RA Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., RA Isogai T., Sugano S.; RT "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human RT cDNAs."; RL Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RX PubMed=15164054; DOI=10.1038/nature02462; RA Deloukas P., Earthrowl M.E., Grafham D.V., Rubenfield M., French L., RA Steward C.A., Sims S.K., Jones M.C., Searle S., Scott C., Howe K., RA Hunt S.E., Andrews T.D., Gilbert J.G.R., Swarbreck D., Ashurst J.L., RA Taylor A., Battles J., Bird C.P., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., RA Ashwell R.I.S., Ambrose K.D., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Bailey J., RA Banerjee R., Bates K., Beasley H., Bray-Allen S., Brown A.J., Brown J.Y., RA Burford D.C., Burrill W., Burton J., Cahill P., Camire D., Carter N.P., RA Chapman J.C., Clark S.Y., Clarke G., Clee C.M., Clegg S., Corby N., RA Coulson A., Dhami P., Dutta I., Dunn M., Faulkner L., Frankish A., RA Frankland J.A., Garner P., Garnett J., Gribble S., Griffiths C., RA Grocock R., Gustafson E., Hammond S., Harley J.L., Hart E., Heath P.D., RA Ho T.P., Hopkins B., Horne J., Howden P.J., Huckle E., Hynds C., RA Johnson C., Johnson D., Kana A., Kay M., Kimberley A.M., Kershaw J.K., RA Kokkinaki M., Laird G.K., Lawlor S., Lee H.M., Leongamornlert D.A., RA Laird G., Lloyd C., Lloyd D.M., Loveland J., Lovell J., McLaren S., RA McLay K.E., McMurray A., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., Matthews L., Milne S., RA Nickerson T., Nguyen M., Overton-Larty E., Palmer S.A., Pearce A.V., RA Peck A.I., Pelan S., Phillimore B., Porter K., Rice C.M., Rogosin A., RA Ross M.T., Sarafidou T., Sehra H.K., Shownkeen R., Skuce C.D., Smith M., RA Standring L., Sycamore N., Tester J., Thorpe A., Torcasso W., Tracey A., RA Tromans A., Tsolas J., Wall M., Walsh J., Wang H., Weinstock K., West A.P., RA Willey D.L., Whitehead S.L., Wilming L., Wray P.W., Young L., Chen Y., RA Lovering R.C., Moschonas N.K., Siebert R., Fechtel K., Bentley D., RA Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Doucette-Stamm L., Beck S., Smith D.R., Rogers J.; RT "The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10."; RL Nature 429:375-381(2004). RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), AND VARIANT ASP-37. RC TISSUE=Kidney; RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; RG The MGC Project Team; RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: RT the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."; RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004). RN [4] RP FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY. RX PubMed=15841207; DOI=10.1172/jci24066; RA Xu J., Li G., Wang P., Velazquez H., Yao X., Li Y., Wu Y., Peixoto A., RA Crowley S., Desir G.V.; RT "Renalase is a novel, soluble monoamine oxidase that regulates cardiac RT function and blood pressure."; RL J. Clin. Invest. 115:1275-1280(2005). RN [5] RP FUNCTION. RX PubMed=17385068; DOI=10.1007/s00702-007-0672-1; RA Boomsma F., Tipton K.F.; RT "Renalase, a catecholamine-metabolising enzyme?"; RL J. Neural Transm. 114:775-776(2007). RN [6] RP CATALYTIC ACTIVITY (ISOFORM 1). RX PubMed=23964689; DOI=10.1021/ja407384h; RA Beaupre B.A., Carmichael B.R., Hoag M.R., Shah D.D., Moran G.R.; RT "Renalase is an alpha-NAD(P)H oxidase/anomerase."; RL J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135:13980-13987(2013). RN [7] RP FUNCTION, AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY. RX PubMed=25531177; DOI=10.1021/bi5013436; RA Beaupre B.A., Hoag M.R., Roman J., Foersterling F.H., Moran G.R.; RT "Metabolic function for human renalase: oxidation of isomeric forms of RT beta-NAD(P)H that are inhibitory to primary metabolism."; RL Biochemistry 54:795-806(2015). RN [8] RP X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.5 ANGSTROMS), COFACTOR, AND FAD-BINDING SITES. RX PubMed=21699903; DOI=10.1016/j.jmb.2011.06.010; RA Milani M., Ciriello F., Baroni S., Pandini V., Canevari G., Bolognesi M., RA Aliverti A.; RT "FAD-binding site and NADP reactivity in human renalase: a new enzyme RT involved in blood pressure regulation."; RL J. Mol. Biol. 411:463-473(2011). CC -!- FUNCTION: Catalyzes the oxidation of the less abundant 1,2-dihydro- CC beta-NAD(P) and 1,6-dihydro-beta-NAD(P) to form beta-NAD(P)(+). The CC enzyme hormone is secreted by the kidney, and circulates in blood and CC modulates cardiac function and systemic blood pressure. Lowers blood CC pressure in vivo by decreasing cardiac contractility and heart rate and CC preventing a compensatory increase in peripheral vascular tone, CC suggesting a causal link to the increased plasma catecholamine and CC heightened cardiovascular risk. High concentrations of catecholamines CC activate plasma renalase and promotes its secretion and synthesis. CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15841207, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17385068, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:25531177}. CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=1,2-dihydro-beta-NAD + H(+) + O2 = H2O2 + NAD(+); CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:40395, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:16240, ChEBI:CHEBI:57540, ChEBI:CHEBI:88138; EC=1.6.3.5; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:23964689, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25531177}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=1,2-dihydro-beta-NADP + H(+) + O2 = H2O2 + NADP(+); CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:40399, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:16240, ChEBI:CHEBI:58349, ChEBI:CHEBI:88137; EC=1.6.3.5; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:23964689, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25531177}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=1,6-dihydro-beta-NADP + H(+) + O2 = H2O2 + NADP(+); CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:48000, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:16240, ChEBI:CHEBI:58349, ChEBI:CHEBI:88139; EC=1.6.3.5; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:23964689, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25531177}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=1,6-dihydro-beta-NAD + H(+) + O2 = H2O2 + NAD(+); CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:47996, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:16240, ChEBI:CHEBI:57540, ChEBI:CHEBI:88140; EC=1.6.3.5; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:23964689, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25531177}; CC -!- COFACTOR: CC Name=FAD; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:57692; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:21699903}; CC -!- INTERACTION: CC Q5VYX0; P23634: ATP2B4; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-3386081, EBI-1174388; CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15841207}. CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2; CC Name=1; CC IsoId=Q5VYX0-1; Sequence=Displayed; CC Name=2; CC IsoId=Q5VYX0-2; Sequence=VSP_015211, VSP_015212; CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Secreted into the blood by the kidney. Highly CC expressed in the kidney, expressed at lower level in heart, skeletal CC muscle and small intestine. Its plasma concentration is markedly CC reduced in patients with end-stage renal disease, as compared with CC healthy subjects. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15841207}. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the renalase family. {ECO:0000305}. CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; AK002080; BAA92073.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AL353149; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AL365185; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AL139406; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; BC005364; AAH05364.1; -; mRNA. DR CCDS; CCDS31239.1; -. [Q5VYX0-1] DR CCDS; CCDS7388.1; -. [Q5VYX0-2] DR RefSeq; NP_001026879.2; NM_001031709.2. [Q5VYX0-1] DR RefSeq; NP_060833.1; NM_018363.3. [Q5VYX0-2] DR RefSeq; XP_011538226.1; XM_011539924.2. [Q5VYX0-2] DR RefSeq; XP_016871869.1; XM_017016380.1. [Q5VYX0-2] DR PDB; 3QJ4; X-ray; 2.50 A; A/B=1-342. DR PDBsum; 3QJ4; -. DR AlphaFoldDB; Q5VYX0; -. DR SMR; Q5VYX0; -. DR BioGRID; 120609; 2. DR IntAct; Q5VYX0; 36. DR STRING; 9606.ENSP00000332530; -. DR iPTMnet; Q5VYX0; -. DR PhosphoSitePlus; Q5VYX0; -. DR BioMuta; RNLS; -. DR DMDM; 73914006; -. DR MassIVE; Q5VYX0; -. DR PaxDb; 9606-ENSP00000332530; -. DR PeptideAtlas; Q5VYX0; -. DR ProteomicsDB; 65655; -. [Q5VYX0-1] DR ProteomicsDB; 65656; -. [Q5VYX0-2] DR Pumba; Q5VYX0; -. DR Antibodypedia; 30183; 320 antibodies from 32 providers. DR DNASU; 55328; -. DR Ensembl; ENST00000331772.9; ENSP00000332530.4; ENSG00000184719.13. [Q5VYX0-1] DR Ensembl; ENST00000371947.7; ENSP00000361015.3; ENSG00000184719.13. [Q5VYX0-2] DR GeneID; 55328; -. DR KEGG; hsa:55328; -. DR MANE-Select; ENST00000331772.9; ENSP00000332530.4; NM_001031709.3; NP_001026879.2. DR UCSC; uc001kfd.3; human. [Q5VYX0-1] DR AGR; HGNC:25641; -. DR CTD; 55328; -. DR DisGeNET; 55328; -. DR GeneCards; RNLS; -. DR HGNC; HGNC:25641; RNLS. DR HPA; ENSG00000184719; Low tissue specificity. DR MIM; 609360; gene. DR neXtProt; NX_Q5VYX0; -. DR OpenTargets; ENSG00000184719; -. DR PharmGKB; PA165549084; -. DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000184719; -. DR eggNOG; ENOG502QUZR; Eukaryota. DR GeneTree; ENSGT00390000016052; -. DR HOGENOM; CLU_036034_1_0_1; -. DR InParanoid; Q5VYX0; -. DR OMA; ICGGDAF; -. DR OrthoDB; 5394503at2759; -. DR PhylomeDB; Q5VYX0; -. DR TreeFam; TF332799; -. DR BioCyc; MetaCyc:G66-32717-MONOMER; -. DR BRENDA; 1.6.3.5; 2681. DR PathwayCommons; Q5VYX0; -. DR Reactome; R-HSA-197264; Nicotinamide salvaging. DR SignaLink; Q5VYX0; -. DR BioGRID-ORCS; 55328; 11 hits in 1148 CRISPR screens. DR ChiTaRS; RNLS; human. DR GeneWiki; Renalase; -. DR GenomeRNAi; 55328; -. DR Pharos; Q5VYX0; Tbio. DR PRO; PR:Q5VYX0; -. DR Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 10. DR RNAct; Q5VYX0; Protein. DR Bgee; ENSG00000184719; Expressed in buccal mucosa cell and 155 other cell types or tissues. DR ExpressionAtlas; Q5VYX0; baseline and differential. DR GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0005615; C:extracellular space; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0051379; F:epinephrine binding; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0097621; F:monoamine oxidase activity; IMP:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0070404; F:NADH binding; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0016651; F:oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0045776; P:negative regulation of blood pressure; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0010459; P:negative regulation of heart rate; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0071871; P:response to epinephrine; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0002931; P:response to ischemia; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:1902074; P:response to salt; IEA:Ensembl. DR Gene3D; 3.90.660.10; -; 1. DR Gene3D; 3.50.50.60; FAD/NAD(P)-binding domain; 1. DR InterPro; IPR002937; Amino_oxidase. DR InterPro; IPR036188; FAD/NAD-bd_sf. DR InterPro; IPR040174; RNLS. DR PANTHER; PTHR23357:SF1; RENALASE; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR23357; UNCHARACTERIZED; 1. DR Pfam; PF01593; Amino_oxidase; 1. DR Pfam; PF13450; NAD_binding_8; 1. DR SUPFAM; SSF51905; FAD/NAD(P)-binding domain; 1. DR Genevisible; Q5VYX0; HS. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW 3D-structure; Alternative splicing; FAD; Flavoprotein; NAD; NADP; KW Oxidoreductase; Reference proteome; Secreted; Signal. FT SIGNAL 1..17 FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT CHAIN 18..342 FT /note="Renalase" FT /id="PRO_0000019588" FT BINDING 12 FT /ligand="FAD" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:57692" FT BINDING 42 FT /ligand="FAD" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:57692" FT BINDING 61..62 FT /ligand="FAD" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:57692" FT VAR_SEQ 294..315 FT /note="TNAAANCPGQMTLHHKPFLACG -> PSAGVILGCAKSPWMMAIGFPI (in FT isoform 2)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:14702039" FT /id="VSP_015211" FT VAR_SEQ 316..342 FT /note="Missing (in isoform 2)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:14702039" FT /id="VSP_015212" FT VARIANT 37 FT /note="E -> D (in dbSNP:rs2296545)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:15489334" FT /id="VAR_023310" FT STRAND 2..7 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT HELIX 11..21 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT STRAND 28..33 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT STRAND 35..39 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT HELIX 41..43 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT STRAND 45..47 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT STRAND 55..59 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT STRAND 63..65 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT HELIX 69..72 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT HELIX 74..82 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT STRAND 103..106 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT HELIX 113..122 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT STRAND 125..129 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT STRAND 132..137 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT STRAND 139..149 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT STRAND 152..159 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT HELIX 163..166 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT HELIX 173..176 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT HELIX 179..186 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT STRAND 193..199 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT STRAND 211..214 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT STRAND 219..226 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT HELIX 227..230 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT STRAND 241..246 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT HELIX 248..253 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT TURN 254..256 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT HELIX 259..273 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT STRAND 281..288 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT STRAND 292..295 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT STRAND 298..300 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT STRAND 304..307 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT TURN 308..310 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT STRAND 311..314 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT HELIX 317..319 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" FT HELIX 324..338 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3QJ4" SQ SEQUENCE 342 AA; 37847 MW; 952827FF7926AF48 CRC64; MAQVLIVGAG MTGSLCAALL RRQTSGPLYL AVWDKAEDSG GRMTTACSPH NPQCTADLGA QYITCTPHYA KKHQRFYDEL LAYGVLRPLS SPIEGMVMKE GDCNFVAPQG ISSIIKHYLK ESGAEVYFRH RVTQINLRDD KWEVSKQTGS PEQFDLIVLT MPVPEILQLQ GDITTLISEC QRQQLEAVSY SSRYALGLFY EAGTKIDVPW AGQYITSNPC IRFVSIDNKK RNIESSEIGP SLVIHTTVPF GVTYLEHSIE DVQELVFQQL ENILPGLPQP IATKCQKWRH SQVTNAAANC PGQMTLHHKP FLACGGDGFT QSNFDGCITS ALCVLEALKN YI //