Q5EG47 (AAPK1_MOUSE) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
April 3, 2013.
Version 78.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 Short name=AMPK subunit alpha-1 EC=2.7.11.1 | ||
| Gene names |
| ||
| Organism | Mus musculus (Mouse) [Reference proteome] | ||
| Taxonomic identifier | 10090 [NCBI] | ||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Sciurognathi › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Mus › Mus![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 559 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts as a regulator of cellular polarity by remodeling the actin cytoskeleton; probably by indirectly activating myosin. Regulates lipid synthesis by phosphorylating and inactivating lipid metabolic enzymes such as ACACA, ACACB, GYS1, HMGCR and LIPE; regulates fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis by phosphorylating acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACACA and ACACB) and hormone-sensitive lipase (LIPE) enzymes, respectively. Regulates insulin-signaling and glycolysis by phosphorylating IRS1, PFKFB2 and PFKFB3. AMPK stimulates glucose uptake in muscle by increasing the translocation of the glucose transporter SLC2A4/GLUT4 to the plasma membrane, possibly by mediating phosphorylation of TBC1D4/AS160. Regulates transcription and chromatin structure by phosphorylating transcription regulators involved in energy metabolism such as CRTC2/TORC2, FOXO3, histone H2B, HDAC5, MEF2C, MLXIPL/ChREBP, EP300, HNF4A, p53/TP53, SREBF1, SREBF2 and PPARGC1A. Acts as a key regulator of glucose homeostasis in liver by phosphorylating CRTC2/TORC2, leading to CRTC2/TORC2 sequestration in the cytoplasm. In response to stress, phosphorylates 'Ser-36' of histone H2B (H2BS36ph), leading to promote transcription. Acts as a key regulator of cell growth and proliferation by phosphorylating TSC2, RPTOR and ATG1: in response to nutrient limitation, negatively regulates the mTORC1 complex by phosphorylating RPTOR component of the mTORC1 complex and by phosphorylating and activating TSC2. In response to nutrient limitation, promotes autophagy by phosphorylating and activating ULK1. AMPK also acts as a regulator of circadian rhythm by mediating phosphorylation of CRY1, leading to destabilize it. May regulate the Wnt signaling pathway by phosphorylating CTNNB1, leading to stabilize it. Also has tau-protein kinase activity: in response to amyloid beta A4 protein (APP) exposure, activated by CAMKK2, leading to phosphorylation of MAPT/TAU; however the relevance of such data remains unclear in vivo. Also phosphorylates CFTR, EEF2K, KLC1, NOS3 and SLC12A1. Ref.4 Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.17 Ref.18 Ref.19 |
| Catalytic activity | ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. ATP + [tau protein] = ADP + [tau protein] phosphate. ATP + [hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] = ADP + [hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] phosphate. ATP + [acetyl-CoA carboxylase] = ADP + [acetyl-CoA carboxylase] phosphate. |
| Cofactor | Magnesium By similarity. |
| Enzyme regulation | Activated by phosphorylation on Thr-183. Binding of AMP to non-catalytic gamma subunit (PRKAG1, PRKAG2 or PRKAG3) results in allosteric activation, inducing phosphorylation on Thr-183. AMP-binding to gamma subunit also sustains activity by preventing dephosphorylation of Thr-183. ADP also stimulates Thr-183 phosphorylation, without stimulating already phosphorylated AMPK. ATP promotes dephosphorylation of Thr-183, rendering the enzyme inactive. Under physiological conditions AMPK mainly exists in its inactive form in complex with ATP, which is much more abundant than AMP. Selectively inhibited by compound C (6-[4-(2-Piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-phenyl)]-3-pyridin-4-yl-pyyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidine. Activated by resveratrol, a natural polyphenol present in red wine, and S17834, a synthetic polyphenol. Ref.3 Ref.5 Ref.17 |
| Subunit structure | AMPK is a heterotrimer of an alpha catalytic subunit (PRKAA1 or PRKAA2), a beta (PRKAB1 or PRKAB2) and a gamma non-catalytic subunits (PRKAG1, PRKAG2 or PRKAG3). Interacts with FNIP1 and FNIP2. |
| Subcellular location | Cytoplasm By similarity. Nucleus. Note: In response to stress, recruited by p53/TP53 to specific promoters. Ref.13 |
| Domain | The AIS (autoinhibitory sequence) region some sequence similarity with the ubiquitin-associated domains and represses kinase activity By similarity. |
| Post-translational modification | Phosphorylated at Thr-183 by STK11/LKB1 in complex with STE20-related adapter-alpha (STRADA) pseudo kinase and CAB39. Also phosphorylated at Thr-183 by CAMKK2; triggered by a rise in intracellular calcium ions, without detectable changes in the AMP/ATP ratio. CAMKK1 can also phosphorylate Thr-183, but at a much lower level. Dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 2A and 2C (PP2A and PP2C). Phosphorylated by ULK1 and ULK2; leading to negatively regulate AMPK activity and suggesting the existence of a regulatory feedback loop between ULK1, ULK2 and AMPK. Ref.3 Ref.5 Ref.7 Ref.16 Ubiquitinated. Ref.11 |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. SNF1 subfamily. Contains 1 protein kinase domain. |
Ontologies
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 559 | 559 | 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 | PRO_0000085590 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Domain | 27 – 279 | 253 | Protein kinase | ||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 33 – 41 | 9 | ATP By similarity | ||||||
| Region | 302 – 381 | 80 | AIS By similarity | ||||||
Sites | |||||||||
| Active site | 150 | 1 | Proton acceptor By similarity | ||||||
| Binding site | 56 | 1 | ATP By similarity | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 32 | 1 | Phosphothreonine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 183 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by LKB1 and CaMKK2 Ref.3 Ref.5 Ref.7 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 184 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.10 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 356 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 360 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by ULK1 By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 368 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by ULK1 By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 382 | 1 | Phosphothreonine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 397 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by ULK1 By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 467 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 486 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by ULK1 By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 488 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by ULK1 By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 490 | 1 | Phosphothreonine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 496 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 508 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.10 | ||||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 168 | 1 | D → A: Loss of kinase activity. Ref.4 Ref.18 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 11 – 12 | 2 | Missing in AAW79567. Ref.2 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Lineage-specific biology revealed by a finished genome assembly of the mouse." Church D.M., Goodstadt L., Hillier L.W., Zody M.C., Goldstein S., She X., Bult C.J., Agarwala R., Cherry J.L., DiCuccio M., Hlavina W., Kapustin Y., Meric P., Maglott D., Birtle Z., Marques A.C., Graves T., Zhou S. Ponting C.P.PLoS Biol. 7:E1000112-E1000112(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: C57BL/6J. |
| [2] | Xie X., Chen Y. Submitted (JAN-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 10-559. Strain: C57BL/6N. Tissue: Muscle. |
| [3] | "Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-beta is an alternative upstream kinase for AMP-activated protein kinase." Hawley S.A., Pan D.A., Mustard K.J., Ross L., Bain J., Edelman A.M., Frenguelli B.G., Hardie D.G. Cell Metab. 2:9-19(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: ENZYME REGULATION, PHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-183. |
| [4] | "Anti-lipolytic action of AMP-activated protein kinase in rodent adipocytes." Daval M., Diot-Dupuy F., Bazin R., Hainault I., Viollet B., Vaulont S., Hajduch E., Ferre P., Foufelle F. J. Biol. Chem. 280:25250-25257(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN PHOSPHORYLATION OF LIPE, MUTAGENESIS OF ASP-168. |
| [5] | "The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinases are AMP-activated protein kinase kinases." Hurley R.L., Anderson K.A., Franzone J.M., Kemp B.E., Means A.R., Witters L.A. J. Biol. Chem. 280:29060-29066(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-183, ENZYME REGULATION. |
| [6] | "The CREB coactivator TORC2 is a key regulator of fasting glucose metabolism." Koo S.-H., Flechner L., Qi L., Zhang X., Screaton R.A., Jeffries S., Hedrick S., Xu W., Boussouar F., Brindle P., Takemori H., Montminy M. Nature 437:1109-1111(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN PHOSPHORYLATION OF CRTC2. |
| [7] | "The kinase LKB1 mediates glucose homeostasis in liver and therapeutic effects of metformin." Shaw R.J., Lamia K.A., Vasquez D., Koo S.-H., Bardeesy N., Depinho R.A., Montminy M., Cantley L.C. Science 310:1642-1646(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN PHOSPHORYLATION OF CRTC2, PHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-183. |
| [8] | "AMPK-mediated AS160 phosphorylation in skeletal muscle is dependent on AMPK catalytic and regulatory subunits." Treebak J.T., Glund S., Deshmukh A., Klein D.K., Long Y.C., Jensen T.E., Jorgensen S.B., Viollet B., Andersson L., Neumann D., Wallimann T., Richter E.A., Chibalin A.V., Zierath J.R., Wojtaszewski J.F. Diabetes 55:2051-2058(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN PHOSPHORYLATION OF TBC1D4. |
| [9] | "Distinct signals regulate AS160 phosphorylation in response to insulin, AICAR, and contraction in mouse skeletal muscle." Kramer H.F., Witczak C.A., Fujii N., Jessen N., Taylor E.B., Arnolds D.E., Sakamoto K., Hirshman M.F., Goodyear L.J. Diabetes 55:2067-2076(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN PHOSPHORYLATION OF TBC1D4. |
| [10] | "Large-scale phosphorylation analysis of mouse liver." Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Gerber S.A., Gygi S.P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:1488-1493(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-184 AND SER-508, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Liver. |
| [11] | "Control of AMPK-related kinases by USP9X and atypical Lys(29)/Lys(33)-linked polyubiquitin chains." Al-Hakim A.K., Zagorska A., Chapman L., Deak M., Peggie M., Alessi D.R. Biochem. J. 411:249-260(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: UBIQUITINATION. |
| [12] | "AMPK phosphorylation of raptor mediates a metabolic checkpoint." Gwinn D.M., Shackelford D.B., Egan D.F., Mihaylova M.M., Mery A., Vasquez D.S., Turk B.E., Shaw R.J. Mol. Cell 30:214-226(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN PHOSPHORYLATION OF RPTOR. |
| [13] | "AMPK regulates the circadian clock by cryptochrome phosphorylation and degradation." Lamia K.A., Sachdeva U.M., DiTacchio L., Williams E.C., Alvarez J.G., Egan D.F., Vasquez D.S., Juguilon H., Panda S., Shaw R.J., Thompson C.B., Evans R.M. Science 326:437-440(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN PHOSPHORYLATION OF CRY1, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. |
| [14] | "AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) cross-talks with canonical Wnt signaling via phosphorylation of beta-catenin at Ser 552." Zhao J., Yue W., Zhu M.J., Sreejayan N., Du M. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 395:146-151(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN PHOSPHORYLATION OF CTNNB1. |
| [15] | "Signaling kinase AMPK activates stress-promoted transcription via histone H2B phosphorylation." Bungard D., Fuerth B.J., Zeng P.Y., Faubert B., Maas N.L., Viollet B., Carling D., Thompson C.B., Jones R.G., Berger S.L. Science 329:1201-1205(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN PHOSPHORYLATION OF H2B. |
| [16] | "Ulk1-mediated phosphorylation of AMPK constitutes a negative regulatory feedback loop." Loffler A.S., Alers S., Dieterle A.M., Keppeler H., Franz-Wachtel M., Kundu M., Campbell D.G., Wesselborg S., Alessi D.R., Stork B. Autophagy 7:696-706(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION BY ULK1 AND ULK2. |
| [17] | "AMPK phosphorylates and inhibits SREBP activity to attenuate hepatic steatosis and atherosclerosis in diet-induced insulin-resistant mice." Li Y., Xu S., Mihaylova M.M., Zheng B., Hou X., Jiang B., Park O., Luo Z., Lefai E., Shyy J.Y., Gao B., Wierzbicki M., Verbeuren T.J., Shaw R.J., Cohen R.A., Zang M. Cell Metab. 13:376-388(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN PHOSPHORYLATION OF SREBF1 AND SREBF2, ENZYME REGULATION. |
| [18] | "AMPK and mTOR regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of Ulk1." Kim J., Kundu M., Viollet B., Guan K.L. Nat. Cell Biol. 13:132-141(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN PHOSPHORYLATION OF ULK1, MUTAGENESIS OF ASP-168. |
| [19] | "Phosphorylation of ULK1 (hATG1) by AMP-activated protein kinase connects energy sensing to mitophagy." Egan D.F., Shackelford D.B., Mihaylova M.M., Gelino S., Kohnz R.A., Mair W., Vasquez D.S., Joshi A., Gwinn D.M., Taylor R., Asara J.M., Fitzpatrick J., Dillin A., Viollet B., Kundu M., Hansen M., Shaw R.J. Science 331:456-461(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN PHOSPHORYLATION OF ULK1. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | AC131919 Genomic DNA. No translation available. AC135079 Genomic DNA. No translation available. AY885266 mRNA. Translation: AAW79567.1. |
| IPI | IPI00556823. |
| RefSeq | NP_001013385.3. NM_001013367.3. |
| UniGene | Mm.207004. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | Q5EG47. |
| SMR | Q5EG47. Positions 18-559. |
| ModBase | Search... |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | Q5EG47. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | Q5EG47. |
| PRIDE | Q5EG47. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENSMUST00000051186; ENSMUSP00000063166; ENSMUSG00000050697. |
| GeneID | 105787. |
| KEGG | mmu:105787. |
| UCSC | uc007vct.1. mouse. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 5562. |
| MGI | MGI:2145955. Prkaa1. |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | COG0515. |
| GeneTree | ENSGT00700000104077. |
| HOGENOM | HOG000233016. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG050432. |
| InParanoid | Q5EG47. |
| KO | K07198. |
| OMA | ACQRNDS. |
| OrthoDB | EOG4BK53H. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | Q5EG47. |
| Bgee | Q5EG47. |
| Genevestigator | Q5EG47. |
| GermOnline | ENSMUSG00000050697. Mus musculus. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR011009. Kinase-like_dom. IPR000719. Prot_kinase_cat_dom. IPR017441. Protein_kinase_ATP_BS. IPR002290. Ser/Thr_dual-sp_kinase_dom. IPR008271. Ser/Thr_kinase_AS. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF00069. Pkinase. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SMART | SM00220. S_TKc. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SUPFAM | SSF56112. Kinase_like. 1 hit. |
| PROSITE | PS00107. PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP. 1 hit. PS50011. PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM. 1 hit. PS00108. PROTEIN_KINASE_ST. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1075161. |
| NextBio | 357894. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | AAPK1_MOUSE | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q5EG47 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human and mouse protein kinases Human and mouse protein kinases: classification and index |
| MGD cross-references Mouse Genome Database (MGD) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
