ID ACSM3_HUMAN Reviewed; 586 AA. AC Q53FZ2; O60363; Q13732; Q15425; Q7KYM6; Q9BUA2; DT 02-OCT-2007, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 02-OCT-2007, sequence version 2. DT 27-MAR-2024, entry version 143. DE RecName: Full=Acyl-coenzyme A synthetase ACSM3, mitochondrial; DE EC=6.2.1.2 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11772874}; DE AltName: Full=Acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 3; DE AltName: Full=Butyrate--CoA ligase 3; DE AltName: Full=Butyryl-coenzyme A synthetase 3; DE AltName: Full=Middle-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 3; DE AltName: Full=Propionate--CoA ligase; DE EC=6.2.1.17 {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q3UNX5}; DE AltName: Full=Protein SA homolog; DE Flags: Precursor; GN Name=ACSM3; Synonyms=SAH; OS Homo sapiens (Human). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; OC Homo. OX NCBI_TaxID=9606; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). RC TISSUE=Liver; RX PubMed=7907320; DOI=10.1161/01.hyp.23.3.375; RA Iwai N., Ohmichi N., Hanai K., Nakamura Y., Kinoshita M.; RT "Human SA gene locus as a candidate locus for essential hypertension."; RL Hypertension 23:375-380(1994). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2), AND LACK OF INVOLVEMENT IN RP HEREDITARY HYPERTENSION. RX PubMed=7843754; DOI=10.1161/01.hyp.25.1.6; RA Nabika T., Bonnardeaux A., James M., Julier C., Jeunemaitre X., Corvol P., RA Lathrop M., Soubrier F.; RT "Evaluation of the SA locus in human hypertension."; RL Hypertension 25:6-13(1995). RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RX PubMed=10493829; DOI=10.1006/geno.1999.5927; RA Loftus B.J., Kim U.-J., Sneddon V.P., Kalush F., Brandon R., Fuhrmann J., RA Mason T., Crosby M.L., Barnstead M., Cronin L., Mays A.D., Cao Y., Xu R.X., RA Kang H.-L., Mitchell S., Eichler E.E., Harris P.C., Venter J.C., RA Adams M.D.; RT "Genome duplications and other features in 12 Mb of DNA sequence from human RT chromosome 16p and 16q."; RL Genomics 60:295-308(1999). RN [4] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), AND VARIANT ASN-367. RC TISSUE=Kidney; RA Suzuki Y., Sugano S., Totoki Y., Toyoda A., Takeda T., Sakaki Y., RA Tanaka A., Yokoyama S.; RL Submitted (APR-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [5] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2). RC TISSUE=Skin; RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; RG The MGC Project Team; RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: RT the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."; RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004). RN [6] RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RX PubMed=21269460; DOI=10.1186/1752-0509-5-17; RA Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., RA Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J.; RT "Initial characterization of the human central proteome."; RL BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011). RN [7] RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RC TISSUE=Liver; RX PubMed=24275569; DOI=10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014; RA Bian Y., Song C., Cheng K., Dong M., Wang F., Huang J., Sun D., Wang L., RA Ye M., Zou H.; RT "An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver RT phosphoproteome."; RL J. Proteomics 96:253-262(2014). RN [8] RP REVIEW. RX PubMed=27351777; DOI=10.1080/17425255.2016.1206888; RA van der Sluis R., Erasmus E.; RT "Xenobiotic/medium chain fatty acid: CoA ligase - a critical review on its RT role in fatty acid metabolism and the detoxification of benzoic acid and RT aspirin."; RL Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol. 12:1169-1179(2016). RN [9] RP VARIANT ASN-367, FUNCTION, AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY. RX PubMed=11772874; DOI=10.1161/hc0102.101780; RA Iwai N., Katsuya T., Mannami T., Higaki J., Ogihara T., Kokame K., RA Ogata J., Baba S.; RT "Association between SAH, an acyl-CoA synthetase gene, and RT hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, and hypertension."; RL Circulation 105:41-47(2002). RN [10] RP VARIANT ASN-367. RX PubMed=17278971; DOI=10.1097/hjh.0b013e3280144779; RA Telgmann R., Brand E., Nicaud V., Hagedorn C., Beining K., Schoenfelder J., RA Brink-Spalink V., Schmidt-Petersen K., Matanis T., Vischer P., Nofer J.-R., RA Hasenkamp S., Plouin P.-F., Drouet L., Cambien F., Paul M., Tiret L., RA Brand-Herrmann S.-M.; RT "SAH gene variants are associated with obesity-related hypertension in RT Caucasians: the PEGASE Study."; RL J. Hypertens. 25:557-564(2007). CC -!- FUNCTION: Catalyzes the activation of fatty acids by CoA to produce an CC acyl-CoA, the first step in fatty acid metabolism (PubMed:11772874). CC Capable of activating medium-chain fatty acids with a preference for CC isobutyrate among fatty acids with 2-6 carbon atoms (By similarity). CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q3UNX5, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11772874}. CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=a medium chain fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a medium-chain fatty CC acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:48340, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, ChEBI:CHEBI:33019, ChEBI:CHEBI:57287, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:59558, ChEBI:CHEBI:90546, ChEBI:CHEBI:456215; EC=6.2.1.2; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:11772874}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:48341; CC Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:11772874}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=ATP + CoA + propanoate = AMP + diphosphate + propanoyl-CoA; CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:20373, ChEBI:CHEBI:17272, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:33019, ChEBI:CHEBI:57287, ChEBI:CHEBI:57392, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:456215; EC=6.2.1.17; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q3UNX5}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:20374; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q3UNX5}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=ATP + butanoate + CoA = AMP + butanoyl-CoA + diphosphate; CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:46172, ChEBI:CHEBI:17968, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:33019, ChEBI:CHEBI:57287, ChEBI:CHEBI:57371, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:456215; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q3UNX5}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:46173; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q3UNX5}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=2-methylpropanoate + ATP + CoA = 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + AMP + CC diphosphate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:46176, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:33019, ChEBI:CHEBI:48944, ChEBI:CHEBI:57287, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:57338, ChEBI:CHEBI:456215; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q3UNX5}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:46177; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q3UNX5}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=2-methylbutanoate + ATP + CoA = 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA + AMP + CC diphosphate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:46180, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:33019, ChEBI:CHEBI:48946, ChEBI:CHEBI:57287, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:57336, ChEBI:CHEBI:456215; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q3UNX5}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:46181; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q3UNX5}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=ATP + CoA + octanoate = AMP + diphosphate + octanoyl-CoA; CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:33631, ChEBI:CHEBI:25646, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:33019, ChEBI:CHEBI:57287, ChEBI:CHEBI:57386, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:456215; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:11772874}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:33632; CC Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:11772874}; CC -!- COFACTOR: CC Name=Mg(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:18420; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q08AH1}; CC Name=Mn(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:29035; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q08AH1}; CC -!- INTERACTION: CC Q53FZ2-2; Q92876: KLK6; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-25887341, EBI-2432309; CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11772874}. CC Mitochondrion matrix {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q3UNX5}. CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2; CC Name=1; CC IsoId=Q53FZ2-1; Sequence=Displayed; CC Name=2; CC IsoId=Q53FZ2-2; Sequence=VSP_028395, VSP_028396; CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family. CC {ECO:0000305}. CC -!- CAUTION: It is uncertain whether Met-1 or Met-9 is the initiator. CC {ECO:0000305}. CC -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION: CC Sequence=AAC31667.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; CC Sequence=BAA03853.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; CC Sequence=CAA56369.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; D16350; BAA03853.1; ALT_INIT; mRNA. DR EMBL; X80062; CAA56369.1; ALT_INIT; mRNA. DR EMBL; AC004381; AAC31667.1; ALT_INIT; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AK223139; BAD96859.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC002790; AAH02790.3; -; mRNA. DR CCDS; CCDS10589.1; -. [Q53FZ2-1] DR CCDS; CCDS45435.1; -. [Q53FZ2-2] DR PIR; I54401; I54401. DR PIR; S69913; S69913. DR RefSeq; NP_005613.2; NM_005622.3. [Q53FZ2-1] DR RefSeq; NP_973729.1; NM_202000.2. [Q53FZ2-2] DR AlphaFoldDB; Q53FZ2; -. DR SMR; Q53FZ2; -. DR BioGRID; 112203; 20. DR IntAct; Q53FZ2; 2. DR STRING; 9606.ENSP00000289416; -. DR SwissLipids; SLP:000001189; -. DR iPTMnet; Q53FZ2; -. DR PhosphoSitePlus; Q53FZ2; -. DR SwissPalm; Q53FZ2; -. DR BioMuta; ACSM3; -. DR DMDM; 158706483; -. DR EPD; Q53FZ2; -. DR jPOST; Q53FZ2; -. DR MassIVE; Q53FZ2; -. DR MaxQB; Q53FZ2; -. DR PaxDb; 9606-ENSP00000289416; -. DR PeptideAtlas; Q53FZ2; -. DR ProteomicsDB; 62470; -. [Q53FZ2-1] DR ProteomicsDB; 62471; -. [Q53FZ2-2] DR Pumba; Q53FZ2; -. DR Antibodypedia; 25607; 180 antibodies from 25 providers. DR DNASU; 6296; -. DR Ensembl; ENST00000289416.10; ENSP00000289416.5; ENSG00000005187.12. [Q53FZ2-1] DR Ensembl; ENST00000440284.6; ENSP00000394565.2; ENSG00000005187.12. [Q53FZ2-2] DR GeneID; 6296; -. DR KEGG; hsa:6296; -. DR MANE-Select; ENST00000289416.10; ENSP00000289416.5; NM_005622.4; NP_005613.2. DR UCSC; uc002dhq.4; human. [Q53FZ2-1] DR AGR; HGNC:10522; -. DR CTD; 6296; -. DR DisGeNET; 6296; -. DR GeneCards; ACSM3; -. DR HGNC; HGNC:10522; ACSM3. DR HPA; ENSG00000005187; Tissue enhanced (kidney, liver). DR MalaCards; ACSM3; -. DR MIM; 145505; gene. DR neXtProt; NX_Q53FZ2; -. DR OpenTargets; ENSG00000005187; -. DR PharmGKB; PA34930; -. DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000005187; -. DR eggNOG; KOG1175; Eukaryota. DR GeneTree; ENSGT00940000157930; -. DR InParanoid; Q53FZ2; -. DR OMA; HAWSNLF; -. DR OrthoDB; 5474118at2759; -. DR PhylomeDB; Q53FZ2; -. DR TreeFam; TF354287; -. DR PathwayCommons; Q53FZ2; -. DR Reactome; R-HSA-77352; Beta oxidation of butanoyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA. DR SignaLink; Q53FZ2; -. DR BioGRID-ORCS; 6296; 7 hits in 1153 CRISPR screens. DR ChiTaRS; ACSM3; human. DR GeneWiki; ACSM3; -. DR GenomeRNAi; 6296; -. DR Pharos; Q53FZ2; Tbio. DR PRO; PR:Q53FZ2; -. DR Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 16. DR RNAct; Q53FZ2; Protein. DR Bgee; ENSG00000005187; Expressed in left ovary and 122 other cell types or tissues. DR ExpressionAtlas; Q53FZ2; baseline and differential. DR GO; GO:0005759; C:mitochondrial matrix; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0005739; C:mitochondrion; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0005524; F:ATP binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR GO; GO:0047760; F:butyrate-CoA ligase activity; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0015645; F:fatty acid ligase activity; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0004321; F:fatty-acyl-CoA synthase activity; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0046872; F:metal ion binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR GO; GO:0043759; F:methylbutanoate-CoA ligase activity; IEA:RHEA. DR GO; GO:0018729; F:propionate CoA-transferase activity; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0050218; F:propionate-CoA ligase activity; IEA:UniProtKB-EC. DR GO; GO:0006637; P:acyl-CoA metabolic process; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0042632; P:cholesterol homeostasis; NAS:BHF-UCL. DR GO; GO:0006633; P:fatty acid biosynthetic process; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0008217; P:regulation of blood pressure; TAS:ProtInc. DR CDD; cd05928; MACS_euk; 1. DR Gene3D; 3.30.300.30; -; 1. DR Gene3D; 3.40.50.12780; N-terminal domain of ligase-like; 1. DR InterPro; IPR025110; AMP-bd_C. DR InterPro; IPR045851; AMP-bd_C_sf. DR InterPro; IPR020845; AMP-binding_CS. DR InterPro; IPR000873; AMP-dep_Synth/Lig_com. DR InterPro; IPR042099; ANL_N_sf. DR PANTHER; PTHR43605; ACYL-COENZYME A SYNTHETASE; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR43605:SF7; ACYL-COENZYME A SYNTHETASE ACSM3, MITOCHONDRIAL; 1. DR Pfam; PF00501; AMP-binding; 1. DR Pfam; PF13193; AMP-binding_C; 1. DR SUPFAM; SSF56801; Acetyl-CoA synthetase-like; 1. DR PROSITE; PS00455; AMP_BINDING; 1. DR Genevisible; Q53FZ2; HS. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW Acetylation; Alternative splicing; ATP-binding; Fatty acid metabolism; KW Ligase; Lipid metabolism; Magnesium; Metal-binding; Mitochondrion; KW Nucleotide-binding; Reference proteome; Transit peptide. FT TRANSIT 1..27 FT /note="Mitochondrion" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT CHAIN 28..586 FT /note="Acyl-coenzyme A synthetase ACSM3, mitochondrial" FT /id="PRO_0000306097" FT BINDING 235..243 FT /ligand="ATP" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:30616" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250" FT BINDING 374..379 FT /ligand="ATP" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:30616" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250" FT BINDING 461 FT /ligand="ATP" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:30616" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250" FT BINDING 476 FT /ligand="ATP" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:30616" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250" FT BINDING 572 FT /ligand="ATP" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:30616" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250" FT MOD_RES 73 FT /note="N6-succinyllysine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q3UNX5" FT MOD_RES 106 FT /note="N6-succinyllysine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q3UNX5" FT MOD_RES 157 FT /note="N6-acetyllysine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q3UNX5" FT VAR_SEQ 409..438 FT /note="IVDVNGNVLPPGQEGDIGIQVLPNRPFGLF -> VCTSPSRRMFNNPICTLP FT TYRLPPYKLSLL (in isoform 2)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:15489334, FT ECO:0000303|PubMed:7843754" FT /id="VSP_028395" FT VAR_SEQ 439..586 FT /note="Missing (in isoform 2)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:15489334, FT ECO:0000303|PubMed:7843754" FT /id="VSP_028396" FT VARIANT 100 FT /note="L -> P (in dbSNP:rs5713)" FT /id="VAR_035249" FT VARIANT 270 FT /note="D -> H (in dbSNP:rs13306603)" FT /id="VAR_048239" FT VARIANT 308 FT /note="P -> T (in dbSNP:rs7196188)" FT /id="VAR_035250" FT VARIANT 367 FT /note="K -> N (in dbSNP:rs5716)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:11772874, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:17278971, ECO:0000269|Ref.4" FT /id="VAR_035251" FT CONFLICT 132 FT /note="E -> R (in Ref. 1; BAA03853)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 237 FT /note="G -> A (in Ref. 1; BAA03853)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 245 FT /note="T -> S (in Ref. 1; BAA03853)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 407 FT /note="V -> D (in Ref. 4; BAD96859)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 463 FT /note="G -> A (in Ref. 1; BAA03853)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 569 FT /note="I -> V (in Ref. 1; BAA03853)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" SQ SEQUENCE 586 AA; 66153 MW; 329967C751F11F1D CRC64; MLARVTRKML RHAKCFQRLA IFGSVRALHK DNRTATPQNF SNYESMKQDF KLGIPEYFNF AKDVLDQWTD KEKAGKKPSN PAFWWINRNG EEMRWSFEEL GSLSRKFANI LSEACSLQRG DRVILILPRV PEWWLANVAC LRTGTVLIPG TTQLTQKDIL YRLQSSKANC IITNDVLAPA VDAVASKCEN LHSKLIVSEN SREGWGNLKE LMKHASDSHT CVKTKHNEIM AIFFTSGTSG YPKMTAHTHS SFGLGLSVNG RFWLDLTPSD VMWNTSDTGW AKSAWSSVFS PWIQGACVFT HHLPRFEPTS ILQTLSKYPI TVFCSAPTVY RMLVQNDITS YKFKSLKHCV SAGEPITPDV TEKWRNKTGL DIYEGYGQTE TVLICGNFKG MKIKPGSMGK PSPAFDVKIV DVNGNVLPPG QEGDIGIQVL PNRPFGLFTH YVDNPSKTAS TLRGNFYITG DRGYMDKDGY FWFVARADDV ILSSGYRIGP FEVENALNEH PSVAESAVVS SPDPIRGEVV KAFVVLNPDY KSHDQEQLIK EIQEHVKKTT APYKYPRKVE FIQELPKTIS GKTKRNELRK KEWKTI //