Q53ET0 (CRTC2_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 29, 2013.
Version 64.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 2 Alternative name(s): Transducer of regulated cAMP response element-binding protein 2 Short name=TORC-2 Short name=Transducer of CREB protein 2 | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 693 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Transcriptional coactivator for CREB1 which activates transcription through both consensus and variant cAMP response element (CRE) sites. Acts as a coactivator, in the SIK/TORC signaling pathway, being active when dephosphorylated and acts independently of CREB1 'Ser-133' phosphorylation. Enhances the interaction of CREB1 with TAF4. Regulates gluconeogenesis as a component of the LKB1/AMPK/TORC2 signaling pathway. Regulates the expression of specific genes such as the steroidogenic gene, StAR. Potent coactivator of PPARGC1A and inducer of mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle cells. Also coactivator for TAX activation of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) long terminal repeats (LTR). Ref.1 Ref.5 Ref.6 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.11 Ref.12 |
| Subunit structure | Binds, as a tetramer, through its N-terminal region, with the bZIP domain of CREB1. 'Arg-314' in the bZIP domain of CREB1 is essential for this interaction. Interaction, via its C-terminal, with TAF4, enhances recruitment of TAF4 to CREB1 By similarity. Interacts with PPP3CA/calcineurin alpha, SIK2 and 14-3-3 proteins, YWHAB and YWHAG. Interaction with the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax protein is essential for optimal transcription activation by Tax. Interaction with RFWD2/COP1 mediates nuclear export and degradation of CRTC2 By similarity. Ref.6 Ref.9 Ref.14 |
| Subcellular location | Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Note: Translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm on interaction of the phosphorylated form with 14-3-3 protein. In response to cAMP levels and glucagon, relocated to the nucleus. Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.8 |
| Tissue specificity | Most abundantly expressed in the thymus. Present in both B and T-lymphocytes. Highly expressed in HEK293T cells and in insulinomas. High levels also in spleen, ovary, muscle and lung, with highest levels in muscle. Lower levels found in brain, colon, heart, kidney, prostate, small intestine and stomach. Weak expression in liver and pancreas. Ref.5 Ref.6 Ref.11 |
| Post-translational modification | Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation states of Ser-171 are required for regulating transduction of CREB activity. TORCs are inactive when phosphorylated, and active when dephosphorylated at this site. This primary site of phosphorylation, is regulated by cAMP and calcium levels and is dependent on the phosphorylation of SIKs (SIK1 and SIK2) by LKB1. Both insulin and AMPK increase this phosphorylation of CRTC2 while glucagon suppresses it. Phosphorylation at Ser-274 by MARK2 is induced under low glucose conditions and dephosphorylated in response to glucose influx. Phosphorylation at Ser-274 promotes interaction with 14-3-3 proteins and translocation to the cytoplasm. Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.12 Ref.14 |
| Polymorphism | Variant Cys-379, under a dominant model, linked to a recessive mutation in LKB1, may be associated with susceptibility to type II or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the TORC family. |
Ontologies
Binary interactions
With | Entry | #Exp. | IntAct | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SIK1 | P57059 | 1 | EBI-1181987,EBI-1181640 | |
| SIK3 | Q9Y2K2 | 1 | EBI-1181987,EBI-1181460 |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 693 | 693 | CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 2 | PRO_0000318528 | |||||||
Regions | |||||||||||
| Motif | 271 – 287 | 17 | Nuclear export signal By similarity | ||||||||
| Compositional bias | 236 – 240 | 5 | Poly-Ser | ||||||||
| Compositional bias | 336 – 408 | 73 | Ser-rich | ||||||||
Sites | |||||||||||
| Site | 629 | 1 | Required for ubiquitination and degradation By similarity | ||||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||||
| Modified residue | 70 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.6 Ref.15 Ref.16 | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 86 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.15 Ref.16 | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 90 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.6 Ref.15 Ref.16 | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 136 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.6 Ref.15 | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 169 | 1 | Phosphothreonine By similarity | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 171 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by AMPK, MARK2, SIK1 and SIK2 Ref.6 Ref.8 Ref.12 Ref.14 | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 177 | 1 | Phosphothreonine By similarity | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 192 | 1 | Phosphothreonine Ref.16 | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 274 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by MARK2 Ref.14 | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 306 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.6 | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 368 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.6 | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 393 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.6 | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 433 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.6 Ref.10 Ref.13 Ref.15 Ref.16 | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 456 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.6 | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 488 | 1 | Phosphotyrosine Ref.16 | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 489 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.6 | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 490 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.16 | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 492 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.6 | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 501 | 1 | Phosphothreonine Ref.15 Ref.17 | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 613 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.6 Ref.15 Ref.16 Ref.17 | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 624 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.15 Ref.16 Ref.17 | ||||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||||
| Natural variant | 147 | 1 | M → V. Corresponds to variant rs11264680 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_038756 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 379 | 1 | R → C. Ref.1 Ref.20 | VAR_038757 | |||||||
Experimental info | |||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 70 | 1 | S → A: No effect on cAMP- and calcium-regulated phosphorylation. | ||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 171 | 1 | S → A: Loss of cAMP- and calcium-regulated phosphorylation. Greatly reduced interaction with 14-3-3 proteins. Impaired phosphorylation under low glucose conditions and impaired interaction with 14-3-3 proteins; when associated with A-274. Ref.6 Ref.8 Ref.14 | ||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 274 | 1 | S → A: Impaired phosphorylation under low glucose conditions and impaired interaction with 14-3-3 proteins; when associated with A-171. Ref.14 | ||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 368 | 1 | S → A: Reduced cAMP- and calcium-regulated phosphorylation. Ref.6 Ref.14 | ||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 393 | 1 | S → A: No effect on cAMP- and calcium-regulated phosphorylation. | ||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 323 – 325 | 3 | MGL → HGP in AAQ98857. Ref.1 | ||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 499 | 1 | P → S in BAD97279. Ref.2 | ||||||||
Secondary structure | |||||||||||
Helix Strand Turn | |||||||||||
| Helix | 21 – 45 | 25 | |||||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Identification of a family of cAMP response element-binding protein coactivators by genome-scale functional analysis in mammalian cells." Iourgenko V., Zhang W., Mickanin C., Daly I., Jiang C., Hexham J.M., Orth A.P., Miraglia L., Meltzer J., Garza D., Chirn G.-W., McWhinnie E., Cohen D., Skelton J., Terry R., Yu Y., Bodian D., Buxton F.P. Labow M.A.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100:12147-12152(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], VARIANT CYS-379, FUNCTION. |
| [2] | Totoki Y., Toyoda A., Takeda T., Sakaki Y., Tanaka A., Yokoyama S. Submitted (APR-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Brain. |
| [3] | "The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1." Gregory S.G., Barlow K.F., McLay K.E., Kaul R., Swarbreck D., Dunham A., Scott C.E., Howe K.L., Woodfine K., Spencer C.C.A., Jones M.C., Gillson C., Searle S., Zhou Y., Kokocinski F., McDonald L., Evans R., Phillips K. Bentley D.R.Nature 441:315-321(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Tissue: Brain. |
| [4] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: PNS. |
| [5] | "TORCs: transducers of regulated CREB activity." Conkright M.D., Canettieri G., Screaton R., Guzman E., Miraglia L., Hogenesch J.B., Montminy M. Mol. Cell 12:413-423(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [6] | "The CREB coactivator TORC2 functions as a calcium- and cAMP-sensitive coincidence detector." Screaton R.A., Conkright M.D., Katoh Y., Best J.L., Canettieri G., Jeffries S., Guzman E., Niessen S., Yates J.R. III, Takemori H., Okamoto M., Montminy M. Cell 119:61-74(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH CREB1; SIK2; PPP3CA; YWHAB AND YWHAG, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, FUNCTION, PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-70; SER-90; SER-136; SER-171; SER-306; SER-368; SER-393; SER-433; SER-456; SER-489; SER-492 AND SER-613, MASS SPECTROMETRY, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-171 AND SER-368. |
| [7] | "Activation of cAMP response element-mediated gene expression by regulated nuclear transport of TORC proteins." Bittinger M.A., McWhinnie E., Meltzer J., Iourgenko V., Latario B., Liu X., Chen C.H., Song C., Garza D., Labow M. Curr. Biol. 14:2156-2161(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, PHOSPHORYLATION. |
| [8] | "Silencing the constitutive active transcription factor CREB by the LKB1-SIK signaling cascade." Katoh Y., Takemori H., Lin X.-Z., Tamura M., Muraoka M., Satoh T., Tsuchiya Y., Min L., Doi J., Miyauchi A., Witters L.A., Nakamura H., Okamoto M. FEBS J. 273:2730-2748(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-171, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-171. |
| [9] | "TORC1 and TORC2 coactivators are required for tax activation of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 long terminal repeats." Siu Y.-T., Chin K.-T., Siu K.-L., Yee Wai Choy E., Jeang K.-T., Jin D.-Y. J. Virol. 80:7052-7059(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH HTLV-1 TAX, FUNCTION. |
| [10] | "A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization." Beausoleil S.A., Villen J., Gerber S.A., Rush J., Gygi S.P. Nat. Biotechnol. 24:1285-1292(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-433, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [11] | "Transducer of regulated CREB-binding proteins (TORCs) induce PGC-1alpha transcription and mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle cells." Wu Z., Huang X., Feng Y., Handschin C., Feng Y., Gullicksen P.S., Bare O., Labow M., Spiegelman B., Stevenson S.C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103:14379-14384(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [12] | "Dephosphorylation of TORC initiates expression of the StAR gene." Takemori H., Kanematsu M., Kajimura J., Hatano O., Katoh Y., Lin X.-Z., Min L., Yamazaki T., Doi J., Okamoto M. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 265:196-204(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-171. |
| [13] | "Combining protein-based IMAC, peptide-based IMAC, and MudPIT for efficient phosphoproteomic analysis." Cantin G.T., Yi W., Lu B., Park S.K., Xu T., Lee J.-D., Yates J.R. III J. Proteome Res. 7:1346-1351(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-433, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [14] | "Glucose controls CREB activity in islet cells via regulated phosphorylation of TORC2." Jansson D., Ng A.C., Fu A., Depatie C., Al Azzabi M., Screaton R.A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10161-10166(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-171 AND SER-274, INTERACTION WITH 14-3-3, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-171; SER-274 AND SER-368. |
| [15] | "A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation." Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-70; SER-86; SER-90; SER-136; SER-433; THR-501; SER-613 AND SER-624, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [16] | "Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions." Mayya V., Lundgren D.H., Hwang S.-I., Rezaul K., Wu L., Eng J.K., Rodionov V., Han D.K. Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-70; SER-86; SER-90; THR-192; SER-433; TYR-488; SER-490; SER-613 AND SER-624, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Leukemic T-cell. |
| [17] | "Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis." Olsen J.V., Vermeulen M., Santamaria A., Kumar C., Miller M.L., Jensen L.J., Gnad F., Cox J., Jensen T.S., Nigg E.A., Brunak S., Mann M. Sci. Signal. 3:RA3-RA3(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-501; SER-613 AND SER-624, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [18] | "Initial characterization of the human central proteome." Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J. BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. |
| [19] | "System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation." Rigbolt K.T., Prokhorova T.A., Akimov V., Henningsen J., Johansen P.T., Kratchmarova I., Kassem M., Mann M., Olsen J.V., Blagoev B. Sci. Signal. 4:RS3-RS3(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. |
| [20] | "Single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes encoding LKB1 (STK11), TORC2 (CRTC2) and AMPK alpha2-subunit (PRKAA2) and risk of type 2 diabetes." Keshavarz P., Inoue H., Nakamura N., Yoshikawa T., Tanahashi T., Itakura M. Mol. Genet. Metab. 93:200-209(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT CYS-379, INVOLVEMENT IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO NIDDM. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | AY360172 mRNA. Translation: AAQ98857.1. AK223559 mRNA. Translation: BAD97279.1. AL358472 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI14017.1. BC053562 mRNA. Translation: AAH53562.1. | ||||||||||||
| IPI | IPI00783502. | ||||||||||||
| RefSeq | NP_859066.1. NM_181715.2. | ||||||||||||
| UniGene | Hs.406392. | ||||||||||||
3D structure databases | |||||||||||||
| PDBe RCSB PDB PDBj |
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| ProteinModelPortal | Q53ET0. | ||||||||||||
| ModBase | Search... | ||||||||||||
Protein-protein interaction databases | |||||||||||||
| DIP | DIP-29950N. | ||||||||||||
| IntAct | Q53ET0. 3 interactions. | ||||||||||||
| MINT | MINT-1631979. | ||||||||||||
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000305873. | ||||||||||||
PTM databases | |||||||||||||
| PhosphoSite | Q53ET0. | ||||||||||||
Polymorphism databases | |||||||||||||
| DMDM | 167009135. | ||||||||||||
Proteomic databases | |||||||||||||
| PaxDb | Q53ET0. | ||||||||||||
| PRIDE | Q53ET0. | ||||||||||||
Protocols and materials databases | |||||||||||||
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... | ||||||||||||
Genome annotation databases | |||||||||||||
| Ensembl | ENST00000368633; ENSP00000357622; ENSG00000160741. | ||||||||||||
| GeneID | 200186. | ||||||||||||
| KEGG | hsa:200186. | ||||||||||||
| UCSC | uc021pab.1. human. | ||||||||||||
Organism-specific databases | |||||||||||||
| CTD | 200186. | ||||||||||||
| GeneCards | GC01M153920. | ||||||||||||
| HGNC | HGNC:27301. CRTC2. | ||||||||||||
| HPA | HPA028454. HPA028465. | ||||||||||||
| MIM | 608972. gene. | ||||||||||||
| neXtProt | NX_Q53ET0. | ||||||||||||
| PharmGKB | PA142672073. | ||||||||||||
| GenAtlas | Search... | ||||||||||||
Phylogenomic databases | |||||||||||||
| eggNOG | NOG74259. | ||||||||||||
| HOGENOM | HOG000111980. | ||||||||||||
| HOVERGEN | HBG058314. | ||||||||||||
| InParanoid | Q53ET0. | ||||||||||||
| KO | K16333. | ||||||||||||
| OMA | THCSRHG. | ||||||||||||
| OrthoDB | EOG4RBQJC. | ||||||||||||
Gene expression databases | |||||||||||||
| ArrayExpress | Q53ET0. | ||||||||||||
| Bgee | Q53ET0. | ||||||||||||
| CleanEx | HS_CRTC2. | ||||||||||||
| Genevestigator | Q53ET0. | ||||||||||||
Family and domain databases | |||||||||||||
| InterPro | IPR024786. TORC. IPR024785. TORC_C. IPR024784. TORC_M. IPR024783. TORC_N. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| PANTHER | PTHR13589. PTHR13589. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||
| Pfam | PF12886. TORC_C. 1 hit. PF12885. TORC_M. 1 hit. PF12884. TORC_N. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| ProtoNet | Search... | ||||||||||||
Other | |||||||||||||
| GenomeRNAi | 200186. | ||||||||||||
| NextBio | 89862. | ||||||||||||
| SOURCE | Search... | ||||||||||||
Entry information
| Entry name | CRTC2_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q53ET0 Secondary accession number(s): Q6UUV8, Q7Z3X7 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 1 Human chromosome 1: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| PDB cross-references Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
