ID   GALE1_ARATH             Reviewed;         351 AA.
AC   Q42605; Q9LPX1;
DT   01-DEC-2000, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-DEC-2000, sequence version 2.
DT   16-JUN-2009, entry version 79.
DE   RecName: Full=UDP-glucose 4-epimerase 1;
DE            EC=5.1.3.2;
DE   AltName: Full=UDP-galactose 4-epimerase 1;
DE   AltName: Full=Galactowaldenase 1;
GN   OrderedLocusNames=At1g12780; ORFNames=F13K23.3;
OS   Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress).
OC   Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
OC   Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; eudicotyledons; core eudicotyledons;
OC   rosids; eurosids II; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Arabidopsis.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=3702;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], AND CHARACTERIZATION.
RC   STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX   MEDLINE=96201343; PubMed=8615692; DOI=10.1006/abbi.1996.0088;
RA   Doermann P., Benning C.;
RT   "Functional expression of uridine 5'-diphospho-glucose 4-epimerase
RT   (EC 5.1.3.2) from Arabidopsis thaliana in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and
RT   Escherichia coli.";
RL   Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 327:27-34(1996).
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC   STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX   MEDLINE=21016719; PubMed=11130712; DOI=10.1038/35048500;
RA   Theologis A., Ecker J.R., Palm C.J., Federspiel N.A., Kaul S.,
RA   White O., Alonso J., Altafi H., Araujo R., Bowman C.L., Brooks S.Y.,
RA   Buehler E., Chan A., Chao Q., Chen H., Cheuk R.F., Chin C.W.,
RA   Chung M.K., Conn L., Conway A.B., Conway A.R., Creasy T.H., Dewar K.,
RA   Dunn P., Etgu P., Feldblyum T.V., Feng J.-D., Fong B., Fujii C.Y.,
RA   Gill J.E., Goldsmith A.D., Haas B., Hansen N.F., Hughes B., Huizar L.,
RA   Hunter J.L., Jenkins J., Johnson-Hopson C., Khan S., Khaykin E.,
RA   Kim C.J., Koo H.L., Kremenetskaia I., Kurtz D.B., Kwan A., Lam B.,
RA   Langin-Hooper S., Lee A., Lee J.M., Lenz C.A., Li J.H., Li Y.-P.,
RA   Lin X., Liu S.X., Liu Z.A., Luros J.S., Maiti R., Marziali A.,
RA   Militscher J., Miranda M., Nguyen M., Nierman W.C., Osborne B.I.,
RA   Pai G., Peterson J., Pham P.K., Rizzo M., Rooney T., Rowley D.,
RA   Sakano H., Salzberg S.L., Schwartz J.R., Shinn P., Southwick A.M.,
RA   Sun H., Tallon L.J., Tambunga G., Toriumi M.J., Town C.D.,
RA   Utterback T., Van Aken S., Vaysberg M., Vysotskaia V.S., Walker M.,
RA   Wu D., Yu G., Fraser C.M., Venter J.C., Davis R.W.;
RT   "Sequence and analysis of chromosome 1 of the plant Arabidopsis
RT   thaliana.";
RL   Nature 408:816-820(2000).
RN   [3]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC   STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX   MEDLINE=22954850; PubMed=14593172; DOI=10.1126/science.1088305;
RA   Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J.,
RA   Southwick A.M., Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F.,
RA   Karlin-Newmann G., Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G.,
RA   Miranda M., Quach H.L., Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J.,
RA   Chan M.M., Tang C.C., Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y.,
RA   Arakawa T., Banh J., Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P.,
RA   Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A., Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F.,
RA   Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C., Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M.,
RA   Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X., Jones T., Kawai J.,
RA   Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M., Seki M., Sakurai T.,
RA   Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K., Wong C., Yamamura Y.,
RA   Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A., Ecker J.R.;
RT   "Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis
RT   genome.";
RL   Science 302:842-846(2003).
CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: UDP-glucose = UDP-galactose.
CC   -!- BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
CC       Kinetic parameters:
CC         KM=0.11 mM for UDP-glucose;
CC         Vmax=3.96 mmol/min/mg enzyme;
CC       pH dependence:
CC         Optimum pH is 7.0-9.5;
CC   -!- PATHWAY: Carbohydrate metabolism; galactose metabolism.
CC   -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Ubiquitously expressed. Highest expression in
CC       stems and roots.
CC   -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Does not seem to need NAD for activity.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sugar epimerase family.
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DR   EMBL; Z54214; CAA90941.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AC012187; AAF78483.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; AF334724; AAG50102.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AY054207; AAL06868.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AY120709; AAM53267.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; BT000032; AAN15351.1; -; mRNA.
DR   IPI; IPI00533120; -.
DR   PIR; B86261; B86261.
DR   PIR; S62783; S62783.
DR   RefSeq; NP_172738.1; -.
DR   UniGene; At.20506; -.
DR   HSSP; Q14376; 1EK6.
DR   PRIDE; Q42605; -.
DR   GeneID; 837834; -.
DR   GenomeReviews; CT485782_GR; AT1G12780.
DR   KEGG; ath:AT1G12780; -.
DR   NMPDR; fig|3702.1.peg.1545; -.
DR   TAIR; At1g12780; -.
DR   OMA; Q42605; RDQWKWA.
DR   BioCyc; MetaCyc:AT1G12780-MON; -.
DR   BRENDA; 5.1.3.2; 302.
DR   ArrayExpress; Q42605; -.
DR   GermOnline; AT1G12780; Arabidopsis thaliana.
DR   GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; IDA:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0005886; C:plasma membrane; IDA:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0050662; F:coenzyme binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0046983; F:protein dimerization activity; IPI:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0003978; F:UDP-glucose 4-epimerase activity; IDA:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0006012; P:galactose metabolic process; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0006950; P:response to stress; IMP:TAIR.
DR   InterPro; IPR001509; Epimerase_deHydtase.
DR   InterPro; IPR005886; GalE.
DR   InterPro; IPR016040; NAD(P)-bd_dom.
DR   InterPro; IPR008089; Nuc_sugar_epim.
DR   Gene3D; G3DSA:3.40.50.720; NAD(P)-bd; 1.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR10366:SF39; GalE; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF01370; Epimerase; 1.
DR   PRINTS; PR01713; NUCEPIMERASE.
DR   TIGRFAMs; TIGR01179; galE; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Carbohydrate metabolism; Complete proteome; Galactose metabolism;
KW   Isomerase; NAD.
FT   CHAIN         1    351       UDP-glucose 4-epimerase 1.
FT                                /FTId=PRO_0000183193.
FT   NP_BIND       8     39       NAD (By similarity).
FT   ACT_SITE    158    158       Proton acceptor (By similarity).
FT   BINDING     134    134       Substrate (By similarity).
FT   CONFLICT    102    103       NP -> KG (in Ref. 1; CAA90941).
FT   CONFLICT    341    341       N -> F (in Ref. 1; CAA90941).
SQ   SEQUENCE   351 AA;  39158 MW;  FDE640FB26A1DD1D CRC64;
     MGSSVEQNIL VTGGAGFIGT HTVVQLLKDG FKVSIIDNFD NSVIEAVDRV RELVGPDLSK
     KLDFNLGDLR NKGDIEKLFS KQRFDAVIHF AGLKAVGESV ENPRRYFDNN LVGTINLYET
     MAKYNCKMMV FSSSATVYGQ PEKIPCMEDF ELKAMNPYGR TKLFLEEIAR DIQKAEPEWR
     IILLRYFNPV GAHESGSIGE DPKGIPNNLM PYIQQVAVGR LPELNVYGHD YPTEDGSAVR
     DYIHVMDLAD GHIAALRKLF ADPKIGCTAY NLGTGQGTSV LEMVAAFEKA SGKKIPIKLC
     PRRSGDATAV YASTEKAEKE LGWKAKYGVD EMCRDQWKWA NNNPWGYQNK L
//