ID TTLL9_HUMAN Reviewed; 439 AA. AC Q3SXZ7; A6NH06; A6NIS5; B3KSG8; Q3SXZ8; Q5JYS3; Q5JYS4; DT 18-MAR-2008, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 25-NOV-2008, sequence version 3. DT 24-JAN-2024, entry version 138. DE RecName: Full=Probable tubulin polyglutamylase TTLL9 {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A2APC3}; DE EC=6.3.2.- {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A2APC3}; DE AltName: Full=Tubulin--tyrosine ligase-like protein 9; GN Name=TTLL9 {ECO:0000312|HGNC:HGNC:16118}; Synonyms=C20orf125; OS Homo sapiens (Human). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; OC Homo. OX NCBI_TaxID=9606; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). RC TISSUE=Testis; RX PubMed=14702039; DOI=10.1038/ng1285; RA Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., RA Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., RA Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S., RA Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., RA Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., RA Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., RA Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., RA Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., RA Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., RA Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., RA Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., RA Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., RA Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., RA Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., RA Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., RA Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., RA Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., RA Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., RA Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., RA Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., RA Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., RA Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., RA Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., RA Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., RA Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., RA Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., RA Isogai T., Sugano S.; RT "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human RT cDNAs."; RL Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RX PubMed=11780052; DOI=10.1038/414865a; RA Deloukas P., Matthews L.H., Ashurst J.L., Burton J., Gilbert J.G.R., RA Jones M., Stavrides G., Almeida J.P., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., RA Bailey J., Barlow K.F., Bates K.N., Beard L.M., Beare D.M., Beasley O.P., RA Bird C.P., Blakey S.E., Bridgeman A.M., Brown A.J., Buck D., Burrill W.D., RA Butler A.P., Carder C., Carter N.P., Chapman J.C., Clamp M., Clark G., RA Clark L.N., Clark S.Y., Clee C.M., Clegg S., Cobley V.E., Collier R.E., RA Connor R.E., Corby N.R., Coulson A., Coville G.J., Deadman R., Dhami P.D., RA Dunn M., Ellington A.G., Frankland J.A., Fraser A., French L., Garner P., RA Grafham D.V., Griffiths C., Griffiths M.N.D., Gwilliam R., Hall R.E., RA Hammond S., Harley J.L., Heath P.D., Ho S., Holden J.L., Howden P.J., RA Huckle E., Hunt A.R., Hunt S.E., Jekosch K., Johnson C.M., Johnson D., RA Kay M.P., Kimberley A.M., King A., Knights A., Laird G.K., Lawlor S., RA Lehvaeslaiho M.H., Leversha M.A., Lloyd C., Lloyd D.M., Lovell J.D., RA Marsh V.L., Martin S.L., McConnachie L.J., McLay K., McMurray A.A., RA Milne S.A., Mistry D., Moore M.J.F., Mullikin J.C., Nickerson T., RA Oliver K., Parker A., Patel R., Pearce T.A.V., Peck A.I., RA Phillimore B.J.C.T., Prathalingam S.R., Plumb R.W., Ramsay H., Rice C.M., RA Ross M.T., Scott C.E., Sehra H.K., Shownkeen R., Sims S., Skuce C.D., RA Smith M.L., Soderlund C., Steward C.A., Sulston J.E., Swann R.M., RA Sycamore N., Taylor R., Tee L., Thomas D.W., Thorpe A., Tracey A., RA Tromans A.C., Vaudin M., Wall M., Wallis J.M., Whitehead S.L., RA Whittaker P., Willey D.L., Williams L., Williams S.A., Wilming L., RA Wray P.W., Hubbard T., Durbin R.M., Bentley D.R., Beck S., Rogers J.; RT "The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20."; RL Nature 414:865-871(2001). RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RA Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., RA Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., RA Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., RA Turner R., Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., RA Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., RA Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., RA Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C.; RL Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [4] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 2 AND 3). RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; RG The MGC Project Team; RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: RT the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."; RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004). CC -!- FUNCTION: Probable tubulin polyglutamylase that generates side chains CC of glutamate on the gamma-carboxyl group of specific glutamate residues CC within the C-terminal tail of target proteins. Similar to TTLL1, may CC acquire enzymatic activity only in complex with other proteins as it is CC most likely lacking domains important for autonomous activity. Mediates CC tubulin polyglutamylation which induces establishment of microtubule CC heterogeneity in sperm flagella, thereby playing a role in normal CC motile flagella axoneme structure and sperm flagella beating pattern. CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A2APC3}. CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=(L-glutamyl)(n)-gamma-L-glutamyl-L-glutamyl-[protein] + ATP + CC L-glutamate = (L-glutamyl)(n+1)-gamma-L-glutamyl-L-glutamyl-[protein] CC + ADP + H(+) + phosphate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:60148, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:15519, CC Rhea:RHEA-COMP:15675, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:29985, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, ChEBI:CHEBI:43474, ChEBI:CHEBI:143623, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:456216; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A2APC3}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:60149; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A2APC3}; CC -!- COFACTOR: CC Name=Mg(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:18420; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A4Q9E8}; CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, cilium basal body CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A2APC3}. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A2APC3}. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, flagellum CC axoneme {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A2APC3}. CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=3; CC Name=1; CC IsoId=Q3SXZ7-1; Sequence=Displayed; CC Name=2; CC IsoId=Q3SXZ7-2; Sequence=VSP_035765, VSP_035767, VSP_035769; CC Name=3; CC IsoId=Q3SXZ7-3; Sequence=VSP_035765, VSP_035766, VSP_035767, CC VSP_035768; CC -!- DOMAIN: Gln-173 is the main determinant for regioselectivity, which CC segregates between initiases and elongases in all tubulin--tyrosine CC ligase family. A glutamine residue at this position is found in CC elongases TTLL6, TTLL9, TTLL11, TTLL13, TTLL10 and favors glutamate- CC chain elongation, whereas an arginine residue is found in initiases CC TTLL2, TTLL4, TTLL5, TTLL3, TTLL8 and favors initiation. CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A4Q9E8}. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tubulin--tyrosine ligase family. CC {ECO:0000305}. CC -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION: CC Sequence=EAW76401.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; AK093491; BAG52730.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AL031658; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AL359765; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; CH471077; EAW76401.1; ALT_SEQ; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; CH471077; EAW76403.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; BC104024; AAI04025.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC104025; AAI04026.1; -; mRNA. DR CCDS; CCDS42863.1; -. [Q3SXZ7-1] DR RefSeq; NP_001008409.1; NM_001008409.2. [Q3SXZ7-1] DR RefSeq; XP_006723787.1; XM_006723724.2. DR RefSeq; XP_011526948.1; XM_011528646.1. DR AlphaFoldDB; Q3SXZ7; -. DR SMR; Q3SXZ7; -. DR BioGRID; 127895; 14. DR IntAct; Q3SXZ7; 5. DR STRING; 9606.ENSP00000442515; -. DR iPTMnet; Q3SXZ7; -. DR PhosphoSitePlus; Q3SXZ7; -. DR BioMuta; TTLL9; -. DR DMDM; 215274204; -. DR MassIVE; Q3SXZ7; -. DR MaxQB; Q3SXZ7; -. DR PaxDb; 9606-ENSP00000442515; -. DR Antibodypedia; 49885; 49 antibodies from 12 providers. DR DNASU; 164395; -. DR Ensembl; ENST00000375922.8; ENSP00000495141.1; ENSG00000131044.19. [Q3SXZ7-2] DR Ensembl; ENST00000375938.8; ENSP00000365105.4; ENSG00000131044.19. [Q3SXZ7-1] DR Ensembl; ENST00000535842.6; ENSP00000442515.1; ENSG00000131044.19. [Q3SXZ7-1] DR GeneID; 164395; -. DR KEGG; hsa:164395; -. DR MANE-Select; ENST00000535842.6; ENSP00000442515.1; NM_001008409.5; NP_001008409.1. DR UCSC; uc002wwy.2; human. [Q3SXZ7-1] DR AGR; HGNC:16118; -. DR CTD; 164395; -. DR DisGeNET; 164395; -. DR GeneCards; TTLL9; -. DR HGNC; HGNC:16118; TTLL9. DR HPA; ENSG00000131044; Tissue enhanced (choroid plexus, fallopian tube, testis). DR MIM; 619838; gene. DR neXtProt; NX_Q3SXZ7; -. DR OpenTargets; ENSG00000131044; -. DR PharmGKB; PA25666; -. DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000131044; -. DR eggNOG; KOG2157; Eukaryota. DR GeneTree; ENSGT00940000159879; -. DR HOGENOM; CLU_010131_0_1_1; -. DR InParanoid; Q3SXZ7; -. DR OMA; IWIMKPP; -. DR OrthoDB; 7265at2759; -. DR PhylomeDB; Q3SXZ7; -. DR TreeFam; TF313087; -. DR PathwayCommons; Q3SXZ7; -. DR Reactome; R-HSA-8955332; Carboxyterminal post-translational modifications of tubulin. DR SignaLink; Q3SXZ7; -. DR BioGRID-ORCS; 164395; 11 hits in 1076 CRISPR screens. DR ChiTaRS; TTLL9; human. DR GenomeRNAi; 164395; -. DR Pharos; Q3SXZ7; Tdark. DR PRO; PR:Q3SXZ7; -. DR Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 20. DR RNAct; Q3SXZ7; Protein. DR Bgee; ENSG00000131044; Expressed in right uterine tube and 134 other cell types or tissues. DR ExpressionAtlas; Q3SXZ7; baseline and differential. DR GO; GO:0036064; C:ciliary basal body; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0005929; C:cilium; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR GO; GO:0005874; C:microtubule; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR GO; GO:0031514; C:motile cilium; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR GO; GO:0005524; F:ATP binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR GO; GO:0046872; F:metal ion binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR GO; GO:0015631; F:tubulin binding; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0070740; F:tubulin-glutamic acid ligase activity; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0030317; P:flagellated sperm motility; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0000226; P:microtubule cytoskeleton organization; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0036211; P:protein modification process; IEA:InterPro. DR Gene3D; 3.30.470.20; ATP-grasp fold, B domain; 1. DR InterPro; IPR004344; TTL/TTLL_fam. DR PANTHER; PTHR12241; TUBULIN POLYGLUTAMYLASE; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR12241:SF39; TUBULIN POLYGLUTAMYLASE TTLL9-RELATED; 1. DR Pfam; PF03133; TTL; 1. DR SUPFAM; SSF56059; Glutathione synthetase ATP-binding domain-like; 1. DR PROSITE; PS51221; TTL; 1. DR Genevisible; Q3SXZ7; HS. PE 2: Evidence at transcript level; KW Alternative splicing; ATP-binding; Cell projection; Cilium; Cytoplasm; KW Cytoskeleton; Flagellum; Ligase; Magnesium; Metal-binding; Microtubule; KW Nucleotide-binding; Reference proteome. FT CHAIN 1..439 FT /note="Probable tubulin polyglutamylase TTLL9" FT /id="PRO_0000324517" FT DOMAIN 40..380 FT /note="TTL" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00568" FT BINDING 167 FT /ligand="ATP" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:30616" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A4Q9E8" FT BINDING 173..174 FT /ligand="ATP" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:30616" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A4Q9E8" FT BINDING 173 FT /ligand="a protein" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:16541" FT /ligand_part="L-glutamate residue" FT /ligand_part_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29973" FT /ligand_part_note="L-glutamate acceptor residue in protein FT target" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A4Q9E8" FT BINDING 211..214 FT /ligand="ATP" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:30616" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A4Q9E8" FT BINDING 224..226 FT /ligand="ATP" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:30616" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A4Q9E8" FT BINDING 248 FT /ligand="L-glutamate" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29985" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A4Q9E8" FT BINDING 254..255 FT /ligand="ATP" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:30616" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A4Q9E8" FT BINDING 272 FT /ligand="L-glutamate" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29985" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A4Q9E8" FT BINDING 326 FT /ligand="Mg(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420" FT /ligand_label="1" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A4Q9E8" FT BINDING 339 FT /ligand="Mg(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420" FT /ligand_label="1" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A4Q9E8" FT BINDING 339 FT /ligand="Mg(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420" FT /ligand_label="2" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A4Q9E8" FT BINDING 341 FT /ligand="Mg(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420" FT /ligand_label="2" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A4Q9E8" FT BINDING 357 FT /ligand="L-glutamate" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29985" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A4Q9E8" FT SITE 173 FT /note="Essential for specifying alpha-elongation versus FT initiation step of the polyglutamylase activity" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A4Q9E8" FT VAR_SEQ 1..50 FT /note="Missing (in isoform 2 and isoform 3)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:15489334" FT /id="VSP_035765" FT VAR_SEQ 169..191 FT /note="Missing (in isoform 3)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:15489334" FT /id="VSP_035766" FT VAR_SEQ 236..250 FT /note="VFAECLLWSGHRRQD -> YIPLRAWLYRDGFARFSNTRFTLNSIDDQY FT (in isoform 2 and isoform 3)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:15489334" FT /id="VSP_035767" FT VAR_SEQ 270..439 FT /note="GCKWTLQRFRQYLASKHGPEAVETLFRDIDNIFVKSLQSVQKVIISDKHCFE FT LYGYDILIDQDLKPWLLEVNASPSLTASSQEDYELKTCLLEDTLHVVDMEARLTGREKR FT VGGFDLMWNDGPVSREEGAPDLSGMGNFVTNTHLGCVNDRKKQLRQLFCSLQVQKKASS FT -> VAPGGQCVPITDSQQPGRL (in isoform 3)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:15489334" FT /id="VSP_035768" FT VAR_SEQ 374..439 FT /note="LTGREKRVGGFDLMWNDGPVSREEGAPDLSGMGNFVTNTHLGCVNDRKKQLR FT QLFCSLQVQKKASS -> SLRADSPCW (in isoform 2)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:15489334" FT /id="VSP_035769" FT VARIANT 76 FT /note="Y -> C (in dbSNP:rs17093689)" FT /id="VAR_039805" FT CONFLICT 274 FT /note="T -> M (in Ref. 4; AAI04026)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" SQ SEQUENCE 439 AA; 51472 MW; ED6172FE902F791C CRC64; MVPSREALLG PGTTAIRCPK KLQNQNYKGH GLSKGKEREQ RASIRFKTTL MNTLMDVLRH RPGWVEVKDE GEWDFYWCDV SWLRENFDHT YMDEHVRISH FRNHYELTRK NYMVKNLKRF RKQLEREAGK LEAAKCDFFP KTFEMPCEYH LFVEEFRKNP GITWIMKPVA RSQGKGIFLF RRLKDIVDWR KDTRSSDDQK DDIPVENYVA QRYIENPYLI GGRKFDLRVY VLVMSVFAEC LLWSGHRRQD VHLTNVAVQK TSPDYHPKKG CKWTLQRFRQ YLASKHGPEA VETLFRDIDN IFVKSLQSVQ KVIISDKHCF ELYGYDILID QDLKPWLLEV NASPSLTASS QEDYELKTCL LEDTLHVVDM EARLTGREKR VGGFDLMWND GPVSREEGAP DLSGMGNFVT NTHLGCVNDR KKQLRQLFCS LQVQKKASS //