<p>Provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.</p><p><a href='../manual/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>Describes the catalytic activity of an enzyme, i.e. the chemical reaction it catalyzes. This information usually correlates with the presence of an EC (Enzyme Commission) number in the ‘Names and taxonomy’ section.</p><p><a href='../manual/catalytic_activity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Catalytic activityⁱ

<p>Describes an enzyme regulatory mechanism and reports the components which regulate (by activation or inhibition) the reaction.</p><p><a href='../manual/enzyme_regulation' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Enzyme regulationⁱ

Sites

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
<p>Describes the interaction between a single amino acid and another chemical entity. Priority is given to the annotation of physiological ligands.</p><p><a href='../manual/binding' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binding sitei	67 – 67	1	ATPPROSITE-ProRule annotation <p>Manual validated information which has been generated by the UniProtKB automatic annotation system.</p> <p><a href="/manual/evidences#ECO:0000255">More…</a></p> Manual assertion according to rulesi PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00159
<p>Is used for enzymes and indicates the residues directly involved in catalysis.</p><p><a href='../manual/act_site' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Active sitei	164 – 164	1	Proton acceptorPROSITE-ProRule annotation <p>Manual validated information which has been generated by the UniProtKB automatic annotation system.</p> <p><a href="/manual/evidences#ECO:0000255">More…</a></p> Manual assertion according to rulesi PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00159 PROSITE-ProRule:PRU10027

Regions

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
<p>Describes a region in the protein which binds nucleotide phosphates. It always involves more than one amino acid and includes all residues involved in nucleotide-binding.</p><p><a href='../manual/np_bind' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Nucleotide bindingi	44 – 52	9	ATPPROSITE-ProRule annotation <p>Manual validated information which has been generated by the UniProtKB automatic annotation system.</p> <p><a href="/manual/evidences#ECO:0000255">More…</a></p> Manual assertion according to rulesi PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00159

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:</p><p><a href='../manual/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

1. ATP binding Source: UniProtKB-KW
2. MAP kinase activity Source: UniProtKB-EC
3. protein kinase activity Source: TAIR

   <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ

   • 22631074

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:</p><p><a href='../manual/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Biological processⁱ

1. abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway Source: TAIR

   <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ

   • 12434021

2. activation of MAPK activity involved in osmosensory signaling pathway Source: TAIR

   <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ

   • 12220631

3. camalexin biosynthetic process Source: TAIR

   <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ

   • 18378893

4. inflorescence development Source: TAIR

   <p>Inferred from Genetic Interaction</p> <p>Used to describe “traditional” genetic interactions such as suppressors and synthetic lethals as well as other techniques such as functional complementation, rescue experiments, or inferences about a gene drawn from the phenotype of a mutation in a different gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#igi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from genetic interactionⁱ

   • 23263767

5. ovule development Source: TAIR

   <p>Inferred from Genetic Interaction</p> <p>Used to describe “traditional” genetic interactions such as suppressors and synthetic lethals as well as other techniques such as functional complementation, rescue experiments, or inferences about a gene drawn from the phenotype of a mutation in a different gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#igi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from genetic interactionⁱ

   • 18364464

6. plant-type hypersensitive response Source: UniProtKB-KW
7. priming of cellular response to stress Source: TAIR

   <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ

   • 19318610

8. regulation of stomatal complex development Source: TAIR

   <p>Inferred from Genetic Interaction</p> <p>Used to describe “traditional” genetic interactions such as suppressors and synthetic lethals as well as other techniques such as functional complementation, rescue experiments, or inferences about a gene drawn from the phenotype of a mutation in a different gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#igi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from genetic interactionⁱ

   • 17259259

9. regulation of stomatal complex patterning Source: TAIR

   <p>Inferred from Genetic Interaction</p> <p>Used to describe “traditional” genetic interactions such as suppressors and synthetic lethals as well as other techniques such as functional complementation, rescue experiments, or inferences about a gene drawn from the phenotype of a mutation in a different gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#igi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from genetic interactionⁱ

   • 17259259

10. response to bacterium Source: TAIR

    <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ

    • 19318610

11. response to chitin Source: TAIR

    <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ

    • 15923325

12. response to cold Source: TAIR

    <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ

    • 8570631

13. response to osmotic stress Source: TAIR

    <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ

    • 12220631

14. response to oxidative stress Source: TAIR

    <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ

    • 10717008

15. response to UV-B Source: TAIR

    <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ

    • 21790814

16. response to wounding Source: TAIR

    <p>Inferred from Expression Pattern</p> <p>Covers cases where the annotation is inferred from the timing or location of expression of a gene.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#iep">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from expression patternⁱ

    • 17953483

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a target="_top" href="/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='../help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywords - Molecular functionⁱ

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a target="_top" href="/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='../help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywords - Biological processⁱ

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a target="_top" href="/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='../help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywords - Ligandⁱ

Enzyme and pathway databases

<p>Provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.</p><p><a href='../manual/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>Provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.</p><p><a href='../manual/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:</p><p><a href='../manual/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Cellular componentⁱ

1. cytoplasm Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
2. nucleus Source: UniProtKB-SubCell

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a target="_top" href="/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='../help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>Describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.</p><p><a href='../manual/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
<p>Describes the extent of a polypeptide chain in the mature protein following processing.</p><p><a href='../manual/chain' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Chaini	1 – 370	370	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3		PRO_0000186312	Add BLAST

Amino acid modifications

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
<p>Specifies the position and type of each modified residue excluding <a href="/manual/lipid">lipids</a>, <a href="/manual/carbohyd">glycans</a> and <a href="/manual/crosslnk">protein cross-links</a>.</p><p><a href='../manual/mod_res' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Modified residuei	196 – 196	1	PhosphothreonineBy similarity
<p>Specifies the position and type of each modified residue excluding <a href="/manual/lipid">lipids</a>, <a href="/manual/carbohyd">glycans</a> and <a href="/manual/crosslnk">protein cross-links</a>.</p><p><a href='../manual/mod_res' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Modified residuei	198 – 198	1	PhosphotyrosineBy similarity
<p>Specifies the position and type of each modified residue excluding <a href="/manual/lipid">lipids</a>, <a href="/manual/carbohyd">glycans</a> and <a href="/manual/crosslnk">protein cross-links</a>.</p><p><a href='../manual/mod_res' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Modified residuei	201 – 201	1	PhosphothreonineBy similarity

<p>Describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection complements the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which position-specific data is not yet available.</p><p><a href='../manual/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a target="_top" href="/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='../help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

<p>Provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.</p><p><a href='../manual/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>Reports the experimentally proven effects of inducers and repressors (usually chemical compounds or environmental factors) on the level of protein (or mRNA) expression (up-regulation, down-regulation, constitutive expression).</p><p><a href='../manual/induction' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Inductionⁱ

Gene expression databases

<p>Provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.</p><p><a href='../manual/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>Provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the ‘Function’ section).</p><p><a href='../manual/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

<p>Provides information about binary protein-protein interactions. The data presented in this section are a quality-filtered subset of binary interactions automatically derived from the <a href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/">IntAct database</a>. It is updated on a monthly basis. Each binary interaction is displayed on a separate line.</p><p><a href='../manual/binary_interactions' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binary interactionsⁱ

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>Provides information on the tertiary structure of a protein.</p><p><a href='../manual/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

<p>Provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.</p><p><a href='../manual/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
<p>Describes the position and type of a domain, which is defined as a specific combination of secondary structures organized into a characteristic three-dimensional structure or fold.</p><p><a href='../manual/domain' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domaini	38 – 324	287	Protein kinasePROSITE-ProRule annotation <p>Manual validated information which has been generated by the UniProtKB automatic annotation system.</p> <p><a href="/manual/evidences#ECO:0000255">More…</a></p> Manual assertion according to rulesi PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00159			Add BLAST

Motif

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
<p>Describes a short (usually not more than 20 amino acids) conserved sequence motif of biological significance.</p><p><a href='../manual/motif' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Motifi	196 – 198	3	TXY

<p>Provides general information on the biological role of a domain. The term ‘domain’ is intended here in its wide acceptation, it may be a structural domain, a transmembrane region or a functional domain. Several domains are described in this subsection.</p><p><a href='../manual/domain_cc' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domainⁱ

<p>Provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.</p><p><a href='../manual/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>Displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including length and molecular weight.</p><p><a href='../manual/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequenceⁱ

<p>Indicates if the canonical sequence displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.</p><p><a href='../manual/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

        10         20         30         40         50
MNTGGGQYTD FPAVETHGGQ FISYDIFGSL FEITSKYRPP IIPIGRGAYG 
        60         70         80         90        100
IVCSVLDTET NELVAMKKIA NAFDNHMDAK RTLREIKLLR HLDHENIIAI 
       110        120        130        140        150
RDVVPPPLRR QFSDVYISTE LMDTDLHQII RSNQSLSEEH CQYFLYQLLR 
       160        170        180        190        200
GLKYIHSANI IHRDLKPSNL LLNANCDLKI CDFGLARPTS ENDFMTEYVV 
       210        220        230        240        250
TRWYRAPELL LNSSDYTAAI DVWSVGCIFM ELMNRKPLFP GKDHVHQMRL 
       260        270        280        290        300
LTELLGTPTE SDLGFTHNED AKRYIRQLPN FPRQPLAKLF SHVNPMAIDL 
       310        320        330        340        350
VDRMLTFDPN RRITVEQALN HQYLAKLHDP NDEPICQKPF SFEFEQQPLD 
       360        370
EEQIKEMIYQ EAIALNPTYG                                  

Experimental Info

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
<p>Reports difference(s) between the canonical sequence (displayed by default in the entry) and the different sequence submissions merged in the entry. These various submissions may originate from different sequencing projects, different types of experiments, or different biological samples. Sequence conflicts are usually of unknown origin.</p><p><a href='../manual/conflict' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence conflicti	15 – 15	1	E → D in BAA04866. (PubMed:8282107)Curated

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>Is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.</p><p><a href='../manual/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p> Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Enzyme and pathway databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>Contains the literature citations that are the sources of data used to annotate the entry. Each reference is numbered and contains several subsections allowing a precise description of a given citation.</p><p><a href='../manual/publications_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Publicationsⁱ

1. "ATMPKs: a gene family of plant MAP kinases in Arabidopsis thaliana."
   Mizoguchi T., Hayashida N., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K., Kamada H., Shinozaki K.
   FEBS Lett. 336:440-444(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
   Strain: cv. Columbia.
   
2. "Sequence and analysis of chromosome 3 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana."
   Salanoubat M., Lemcke K., Rieger M., Ansorge W., Unseld M., Fartmann B., Valle G., Bloecker H., Perez-Alonso M., Obermaier B., Delseny M., Boutry M., Grivell L.A., Mache R., Puigdomenech P., De Simone V., Choisne N., Artiguenave F.

   , Robert C., Brottier P., Wincker P., Cattolico L., Weissenbach J., Saurin W., Quetier F., Schaefer M., Mueller-Auer S., Gabel C., Fuchs M., Benes V., Wurmbach E., Drzonek H., Erfle H., Jordan N., Bangert S., Wiedelmann R., Kranz H., Voss H., Holland R., Brandt P., Nyakatura G., Vezzi A., D'Angelo M., Pallavicini A., Toppo S., Simionati B., Conrad A., Hornischer K., Kauer G., Loehnert T.-H., Nordsiek G., Reichelt J., Scharfe M., Schoen O., Bargues M., Terol J., Climent J., Navarro P., Collado C., Perez-Perez A., Ottenwaelder B., Duchemin D., Cooke R., Laudie M., Berger-Llauro C., Purnelle B., Masuy D., de Haan M., Maarse A.C., Alcaraz J.-P., Cottet A., Casacuberta E., Monfort A., Argiriou A., Flores M., Liguori R., Vitale D., Mannhaupt G., Haase D., Schoof H., Rudd S., Zaccaria P., Mewes H.-W., Mayer K.F.X., Kaul S., Town C.D., Koo H.L., Tallon L.J., Jenkins J., Rooney T., Rizzo M., Walts A., Utterback T., Fujii C.Y., Shea T.P., Creasy T.H., Haas B., Maiti R., Wu D., Peterson J., Van Aken S., Pai G., Militscher J., Sellers P., Gill J.E., Feldblyum T.V., Preuss D., Lin X., Nierman W.C., Salzberg S.L., White O., Venter J.C., Fraser C.M., Kaneko T., Nakamura Y., Sato S., Kato T., Asamizu E., Sasamoto S., Kimura T., Idesawa K., Kawashima K., Kishida Y., Kiyokawa C., Kohara M., Matsumoto M., Matsuno A., Muraki A., Nakayama S., Nakazaki N., Shinpo S., Takeuchi C., Wada T., Watanabe A., Yamada M., Yasuda M., Tabata S.
   Nature 408:820-822(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
   Strain: cv. Columbia.
   
3. The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR)
   Submitted (APR-2011) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
   Cited for: GENOME REANNOTATION.
   Strain: cv. Columbia.
   
4. "Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome."
   Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M., Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G., Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G.

   , Miranda M., Quach H.L., Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C., Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J., Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A., Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C., Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X., Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M., Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K., Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A., Ecker J.R.
   Science 302:842-846(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
   Strain: cv. Columbia.
   
5. "A gene encoding a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase is induced simultaneously with genes for a mitogen-activated protein kinase and an S6 ribosomal protein kinase by touch, cold, and water stress in Arabidopsis thaliana."
   Mizoguchi T., Irie K., Hirayama T., Hayashida N., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K., Matsumoto K., Shinozaki K.
   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93:765-769(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: INDUCTION.
6. "Functional analysis of oxidative stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in plants."
   Kovtun Y., Chiu W.-L., Tena G., Sheen J.
   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:2940-2945(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: ENZYME REGULATION.
7. "Different protein kinase families are activated by osmotic stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana cell suspensions. Involvement of the MAP kinases AtMPK3 and AtMPK6."
   Droillard M.-J., Boudsocq M., Barbier-Brygoo H., Lauriere C.
   FEBS Lett. 527:43-50(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: ENZYME REGULATION.
8. "Activation of AtMEK1, an Arabidopsis mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, in vitro and in vivo: analysis of active mutants expressed in E. coli and generation of the active form in stress response in seedlings."
   Matsuoka D., Nanmori T., Sato K., Fukami Y., Kikkawa U., Yasuda T.
   Plant J. 29:637-647(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION.
9. "MAP kinase signalling cascade in Arabidopsis innate immunity."
   Asai T., Tena G., Plotnikova J., Willmann M.R., Chiu W.-L., Gomez-Gomez L., Boller T., Ausubel F.M., Sheen J.
   Nature 415:977-983(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: FUNCTION, ENZYME REGULATION.
10. "Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in plants: a new nomenclature."
    MAPK group
    Trends Plant Sci. 7:301-308(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: GENE FAMILY, NOMENCLATURE.
11. "NDP kinase 2 interacts with two oxidative stress-activated MAPKs to regulate cellular redox state and enhances multiple stress tolerance in transgenic plants."
    Moon H., Lee B., Choi G., Shin D., Prasad D.T., Lee O., Kwak S.-S., Kim D.H., Nam J., Bahk J., Hong J.C., Lee S.Y., Cho M.J., Lim C.O., Yun D.-J.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100:358-363(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: INTERACTION WITH NDPK2.
12. "Stress hormone-independent activation and nuclear translocation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in Arabidopsis thaliana during ozone exposure."
    Ahlfors R., Macioszek V., Rudd J., Brosche M., Schlichting R., Scheel D., Kangasjarvi J.
    Plant J. 40:512-522(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: ENZYME REGULATION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, INDUCTION.
13. "RNA interference-based (RNAi) suppression of AtMPK6, an Arabidopsis mitogen-activated protein kinase, results in hypersensitivity to ozone and misregulation of AtMPK3."
    Miles G.P., Samuel M.A., Zhang Y., Ellis B.E.
    Environ. Pollut. 138:230-237(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: FUNCTION.
14. "Ancient signals: comparative genomics of plant MAPK and MAPKK gene families."
    Hamel L.P., Nicole M.C., Sritubtim S., Morency M.J., Ellis M., Ehlting J., Beaudoin N., Barbazuk B., Klessig D., Lee J., Martin G., Mundy J., Ohashi Y., Scheel D., Sheen J., Xing T., Zhang S., Seguin A., Ellis B.E.
    Trends Plant Sci. 11:192-198(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: GENE FAMILY.
15. "Arabidopsis MAPK phosphatase 2 (MKP2) positively regulates oxidative stress tolerance and inactivates the MPK3 and MPK6 MAPKs."
    Lee J.S., Ellis B.E.
    J. Biol. Chem. 282:25020-25029(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: ENZYME REGULATION, DEPHOSPHORYLATION.
16. "Stomatal development and patterning are regulated by environmentally responsive mitogen-activated protein kinases in Arabidopsis."
    Wang H., Ngwenyama N., Liu Y., Walker J.C., Zhang S.
    Plant Cell 19:63-73(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: FUNCTION.
17. "Trojan horse strategy in Agrobacterium transformation: abusing MAPK defense signaling."
    Djamei A., Pitzschke A., Nakagami H., Rajh I., Hirt H.
    Science 318:453-456(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: FUNCTION, ENZYME REGULATION, INTERACTION WITH VIP1.
18. "Dual control of nuclear EIN3 by bifurcate MAPK cascades in C2H4 signalling."
    Yoo S.D., Cho Y.H., Tena G., Xiong Y., Sheen J.
    Nature 451:789-795(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: FUNCTION, ENZYME REGULATION.
19. "A fungal-responsive MAPK cascade regulates phytoalexin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis."
    Ren D., Liu Y., Yang K.Y., Han L., Mao G., Glazebrook J., Zhang S.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:5638-5643(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: FUNCTION.
20. "MAPK phosphatase MKP2 mediates disease responses in Arabidopsis and functionally interacts with MPK3 and MPK6."
    Lumbreras V., Vilela B., Irar S., Sole M., Capellades M., Valls M., Coca M., Pages M.
    Plant J. 63:1017-1030(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: INTERACTION WITH DSPTP1B/MKP2.
21. "Arabidopsis MKK4 mediates osmotic-stress response via its regulation of MPK3 activity."
    Kim S.H., Woo D.H., Kim J.M., Lee S.Y., Chung W.S., Moon Y.H.
    Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 412:150-154(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: FUNCTION, ENZYME REGULATION.
22. "A MAPK cascade downstream of ERECTA receptor-like protein kinase regulates Arabidopsis inflorescence architecture by promoting localized cell proliferation."
    Meng X., Wang H., He Y., Liu Y., Walker J.C., Torii K.U., Zhang S.
    Plant Cell 24:4948-4960(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: FUNCTION.
23. "Arabidopsis LIP5, a positive regulator of multivesicular body biogenesis, is a critical target of pathogen-responsive MAPK cascade in plant basal defense."
    Wang F., Shang Y., Fan B., Yu J.-Q., Chen Z.
    PLoS Pathog. 10:E1004243-E1004243(2014) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH LIP5.
    Strain: cv. Columbia.
    

<p>Provides general information on the entry.</p><p><a href='../manual/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>Contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections</p><p><a href='../manual/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a target="_top" href="/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='../help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. Arabidopsis thaliana
   Arabidopsis thaliana: entries and gene names
2. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families

External Data

<p>Provides links to the UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="/help/uniref">UniRef</a>). UniRef consists of clusters for UniProtKB sequences (including isoforms) and selected UniParc sequences, in order to obtain complete coverage of the sequence space at resolutions of 100%, 90% and 50% identity.</p><p><a href='../manual/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ