Q38914 (ANT_ARATH) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 92.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor ANT Alternative name(s): Complementing a protein kinase C mutant protein 1 Protein AINTEGUMENTA Protein DRAGON Protein OVULE MUTANT | ||||||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) [Reference proteome] | ||||||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 3702 [NCBI] | ||||||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Viridiplantae › Streptophyta › Embryophyta › Tracheophyta › Spermatophyta › Magnoliophyta › eudicotyledons › core eudicotyledons › rosids › malvids › Brassicales › Brassicaceae › Camelineae › Arabidopsis![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 555 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Transcription activator that recognizes and binds to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-CAC[AG]N[AT]TNCCNANG-3'. Required for the initiation and growth of ovules integumenta, and for the development of female gametophyte. Plays a critical role in the development of gynoecium marginal tissues (e.g. stigma, style and septa), and in the fusion of carpels and of medial ridges leading to ovule primordia. Also involved in organs initiation and development, including floral organs. Maintains the meristematic competence of cells and consequently sustains expression of cell cycle regulators during organogenesis, thus controlling the final size of each organ by controlling their cell number. Regulates INO autoinduction and expression pattern. As ANT promotes petal cell identity and mediates down-regulation of AG in flower whorl 2, it functions as a class A homeotic gene. Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.3 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.12 Ref.15 Ref.16 Ref.17 Ref.18 Ref.19 |
| Subcellular location | Nucleus Probable. |
| Tissue specificity | Mostly expressed in developing flowers. Also present in mature flowers, siliques and seedlings, but not in mature roots, leaves and stems. Expressed in ovules and in vegetative and floral primordia. Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.20 |
| Developmental stage | Expressed in floral primordia, in STM-negative region, then in sepal primordia. As sepal develops, progressively confined to a basal core before disappearing. Present in stamen primordia, then confined to a central region as they become stalked and develop locules. Later reduced to procambial cells as stamen mature. From petal primordia, expressed on the lateral edges of developing petals and finally confined to petal epidermis before disappearing. Present in carpel primordia, then in inner side of carpels especially in the placenta. Strong levels in ovules primordia and young ovules, then localized in integuments initiation zone before being confined to inner integument cells that will differentiate into the endothelium. Expressed in the distal half of the funiculus throughout ovule development and later extends into the chalaza. After fertilization, expression shift to the embryo. First on the apical part at the globular stage, then in cotyledons primordia, and later in cotyledons during the torpedo stage. As cotyledons grow out, expression becomes limited to a plane separating adaxial and abaxial parts. Excluded from the embryonic central region (ECR). In seedlings, found in leaf primordia then in central and lateral actively developing regions of extending leaves. Ref.2 Ref.11 Ref.13 |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family. AP2 subfamily. Contains 2 AP2/ERF DNA-binding domains. |
Ontologies
| Keywords | |
|---|---|
| Biological process | Differentiation Flowering Transcription Transcription regulation |
| Cellular component | Nucleus |
| Domain | Repeat |
| Ligand | DNA-binding |
| Molecular function | Activator Developmental protein |
| Technical term | Complete proteome Reference proteome |
| Gene Ontology (GO) | |
| Biological_process | flower development Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW maintenance of shoot apical meristem identityInferred from genetic interaction PubMed 22380923. Source: TAIR regulation of cell proliferationInferred from mutant phenotype Ref.17. Source: TAIR transcription, DNA-dependentInferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW |
| Cellular_component | nucleus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell |
| Molecular_function | DNA binding Inferred from direct assay Ref.14. Source: TAIR sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activityInferred from sequence or structural similarity PubMed 11118137. Source: TAIR |
| Complete GO annotation... | |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 555 | 555 | AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor ANT | PRO_0000112524 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| DNA binding | 283 – 349 | 67 | AP2/ERF 1 Ref.14 | ||||||
| DNA binding | 385 – 443 | 59 | AP2/ERF 2 Ref.14 | ||||||
| Compositional bias | 41 – 53 | 13 | Ser-rich | ||||||
| Compositional bias | 217 – 231 | 15 | Gln-rich | ||||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 281 – 357 | 77 | Missing: Loss of activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 285 | 1 | R → G: Reduced activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 287 | 1 | V → A: Loss of activation of transcription; when associated with D-303. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 287 | 1 | V → D: Loss of activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 288 | 1 | T → A: Reduced activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 290 | 1 | H → A: Reduced activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 301 | 1 | W → R: Reduced DNA-binding and loss of activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 303 | 1 | N → D: Loss of activation of transcription; when associated with A-287. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 314 | 1 | G → R: Loss of activation of transcription; when associated with C-353. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 317 | 1 | V → D: No effect on DNA-binding but reduced activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 318 | 1 | Y → C: Reduced DNA-binding and loss of activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 319 | 1 | L → P: Loss of activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 319 | 1 | L → Q: Reduced DNA-binding and loss of activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 322 | 1 | Y → F: Loss of activation of transcription; when associated with D-386. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 333 | 1 | D → E: Loss of activation of transcription; when associated with T-452. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 333 | 1 | D → G: Reduced DNA-binding and loss of activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 337 | 1 | L → P: Reduced DNA-binding and loss of activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 353 | 1 | Y → C: Loss of activation of transcription; when associated with R-314. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 358 | 1 | E → G: Loss of activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 371 | 1 | H → P: Loss of activation of transcription; when associated with A-389. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 379 | 1 | F → S: Loss of activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 380 | 1 | S → P: Reduced DNA-binding and reduced activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 382 | 1 | G → D in ant-2; female-sterile, loss of ovule integuments initiation, impaired female gametophyte development, abnormal floral organs, and loss of activation of transcription. Ref.1 Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 383 – 451 | 69 | Missing: Loss of activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 384 | 1 | S → P: Loss of activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 386 | 1 | Y → D: Loss of activation of transcription; when associated with F-322. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 387 | 1 | R → G: Reduced DNA-binding and loss of activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 389 | 1 | V → A: Loss of activation of transcription; when associated with P-371. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 389 | 1 | V → D: Reduced activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 392 | 1 | H → A: Reduced activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 393 | 1 | H → A: Reduced activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 412 | 1 | Y → C: Reduced activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 413 | 1 | L → Q: Reduced activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 422 | 1 | A → T in ant-8; abnormal floral organs and ovule development. Ref.12 Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 423 | 1 | A → T: Reduced DNA-binding and loss of activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 427 | 1 | D → G: Reduced DNA-binding and loss of activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 431 | 1 | I → S: Reduced DNA-binding and reduced activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 452 – 555 | 104 | Missing: No effect on activation of transcription. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 452 | 1 | I → T: Loss of activation of transcription; when associated with E-333. Ref.19 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 45 | 1 | S → C in AAA86281. Ref.3 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "The AINTEGUMENTA gene of Arabidopsis required for ovule and female gametophyte development is related to the floral homeotic gene APETALA2." Klucher K.M., Chow H., Reiser L., Fischer R.L. Plant Cell 8:137-153(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, MUTAGENESIS OF GLY-382. Strain: cv. Landsberg erecta. |
| [2] | "AINTEGUMENTA, an APETALA2-like gene of Arabidopsis with pleiotropic roles in ovule development and floral organ growth." Elliott R.C., Betzner A.S., Huttner E., Oakes M.P., Tucker W.Q.J., Gerentes D., Perez P., Smyth D.R. Plant Cell 8:155-168(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE. Strain: cv. Landsberg erecta. Tissue: Flower. |
| [3] | "Complementation of a yeast delta pkc1 mutant by the Arabidopsis protein ANT." Vergani P., Morandini P., Soave C. FEBS Lett. 400:243-246(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION. |
| [4] | "Methods for altering mass and fertility in plants." Fischer R.L., Mizukami Y. Patent number US6559357, 06-MAY-2003 Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Wassilewskija. |
| [5] | "Sequence and analysis of chromosome 4 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana." Mayer K.F.X., Schueller C., Wambutt R., Murphy G., Volckaert G., Pohl T., Duesterhoeft A., Stiekema W., Entian K.-D., Terryn N., Harris B., Ansorge W., Brandt P., Grivell L.A., Rieger M., Weichselgartner M., de Simone V., Obermaier B. McCombie W.R.Nature 402:769-777(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia. |
| [6] | The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) Submitted (APR-2011) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: GENOME REANNOTATION. Strain: cv. Columbia. |
| [7] | "Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome." Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M., Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G., Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G. Ecker J.R.Science 302:842-846(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia. |
| [8] | "The ovule and the embryo sac." Reiser L., Fischer R.L. Plant Cell 5:1291-1301(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, REVIEW. |
| [9] | "Dissection of sexual organ ontogenesis: a genetic analysis of ovule development in Arabidopsis thaliana." Schneitz K., Huelskamp M., Kopczak S.D., Pruitt R.E. Development 124:1367-1376(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [10] | "Interactions among genes regulating ovule development in Arabidopsis thaliana." Baker S.C., Robinson-Beers K., Villanueva J.M., Gaiser J.C., Gasser C.S. Genetics 145:1109-1124(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [11] | "The development of apical embryonic pattern in Arabidopsis." Long J.A., Barton M.K. Development 125:3027-3035(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE. |
| [12] | "Ectopic expression of AINTEGUMENTA in Arabidopsis plants results in increased growth of floral organs." Krizek B.A. Dev. Genet. 25:224-236(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF ALA-422. |
| [13] | "Initiation of axillary and floral meristems in Arabidopsis." Long J., Barton M.K. Dev. Biol. 218:341-353(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE. |
| [14] | "DNA binding properties of the Arabidopsis floral development protein AINTEGUMENTA." Nole-Wilson S., Krizek B.A. Nucleic Acids Res. 28:4076-4082(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: DNA-BINDING. |
| [15] | "AINTEGUMENTA promotes petal identity and acts as a negative regulator of AGAMOUS." Krizek B.A., Prost V., Macias A. Plant Cell 12:1357-1366(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [16] | "Regulation of gynoecium marginal tissue formation by LEUNIG and AINTEGUMENTA." Liu Z., Franks R.G., Klink V.P. Plant Cell 12:1879-1891(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [17] | "Plant organ size control: AINTEGUMENTA regulates growth and cell numbers during organogenesis." Mizukami Y., Fischer R.L. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:942-947(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [18] | "NOZZLE links proximal-distal and adaxial-abaxial pattern formation during ovule development in Arabidopsis thaliana." Balasubramanian S., Schneitz K. Development 129:4291-4300(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [19] | "AINTEGUMENTA utilizes a mode of DNA recognition distinct from that used by proteins containing a single AP2 domain." Krizek B.A. Nucleic Acids Res. 31:1859-1868(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF ARG-285; VAL-287; THR-288; HIS-290; TRP-301; ASN-303; GLY-314; VAL-317; TYR-318; LEU-319; TYR-322; ASP-333; LEU-337; TYR-353; GLU-358; HIS-371; PHE-379; SER-380; GLY-382; SER-384; TYR-386; ARG-387; VAL-389; HIS-392; HIS-393; TYR-412; LEU-413; ALA-422; ALA-423; ASP-427; ILE-431; ILE-452; 281-THR--ILE-357; 383-ALA--ARG-451 AND 452-ILE--SER-555. |
| [20] | "AINTEGUMENTA-like (AIL) genes are expressed in young tissues and may specify meristematic or division-competent states." Nole-Wilson S., Tranby T.L., Krizek B.A. Plant Mol. Biol. 57:613-628(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [21] | "Genome-wide analysis of the ERF gene family in Arabidopsis and rice." Nakano T., Suzuki K., Fujimura T., Shinshi H. Plant Physiol. 140:411-432(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: GENE FAMILY, NOMENCLATURE. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | U40256 mRNA. Translation: AAA91040.1. U41339 mRNA. Translation: AAB17364.1. U44028 mRNA. Translation: AAA86281.1. AR316367 Genomic DNA. No translation available. AL035709 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAB38923.1. AL161592 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAB80440.1. CP002687 Genomic DNA. Translation: AEE86834.1. AY080706 mRNA. Translation: AAL85024.1. AY117207 mRNA. Translation: AAM51282.1. |
| IPI | IPI00532315. |
| PIR | S71365. |
| RefSeq | NP_195489.1. NM_119937.2. |
| UniGene | At.1556. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | Q38914. |
| SMR | Q38914. Positions 283-351, 385-445. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | Q38914. |
| PRIDE | Q38914. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| EnsemblPlants | AT4G37750.1; AT4G37750.1; AT4G37750. |
| GeneID | 829931. |
| KEGG | ath:AT4G37750. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| GeneFarm | 5116. |
| TAIR | At4g37750. |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | NOG313785. |
| HOGENOM | HOG000239258. |
| InParanoid | Q38914. |
| KO | K09285. |
| OMA | NTTHEPN. |
| PhylomeDB | Q38914. |
| ProtClustDB | CLSN2916050. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | Q38914. |
| Genevestigator | Q38914. |
| GermOnline | AT4G37750. Arabidopsis thaliana. |
Family and domain databases | |
| Gene3D | 3.30.730.10. 2 hits. |
| InterPro | IPR001471. AP2/ERF_dom. IPR016177. DNA-bd_integrase-typ. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF00847. AP2. 2 hits. [Graphical view] |
| PRINTS | PR00367. ETHRSPELEMNT. |
| SMART | SM00380. AP2. 2 hits. [Graphical view] |
| SUPFAM | SSF54171. DNA-binding_integrase-type. 2 hits. |
| PROSITE | PS51032. AP2_ERF. 2 hits. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | ANT_ARATH | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q38914 Secondary accession number(s): Q42462 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Plant Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Arabidopsis thaliana Arabidopsis thaliana: entries and gene names |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
