Q38814 (THI4_ARATH) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Thiamine thiazole synthase, chloroplastic

Alternative name(s):
Thiazole biosynthetic enzyme

Gene names

Name:	THI1
Synonyms:	ARA6, THI4
Ordered Locus Names:	At5g54770
ORF Names:	MBG8.3

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

3702 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Viridiplantae › Streptophyta › Streptophytina › Embryophyta › Tracheophyta › Euphyllophyta › Spermatophyta › Magnoliophyta › eudicotyledons › core eudicotyledons › rosids › malvids › Brassicales › Brassicaceae › Camelineae › Arabidopsis

Protein attributes

Sequence length	349 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Involved in biosynthesis of the thiamine precursor thiazole. Catalyzes the conversion of NAD and glycine to adenosine diphosphate 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole-2-carboxylic acid (ADT), an adenylated thiazole intermediate. The reaction includes an iron-dependent sulfide transfer from a conserved cysteine residue of the protein to a thiazole intermediate. The enzyme can only undergo a single turnover, which suggests it is a suicide enzyme. May have additional roles in adaptation to various stress conditions and in DNA damage tolerance. Ref.1 Ref.9
Cofactor	Binds 1 iron ion per subunit By similarity.
Subunit structure	Homooctamer. Ref.18
Subcellular location	Plastid › chloroplast. Mitochondrion Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.14 Ref.15.
Tissue specificity	Expressed at high levels in chloroplast-containing parenchymatic cells of leaves, inflorescence shoots and flowers, and at lower levels in the vascular system. In young plants, detected in roots and shoots including cotyledons, leaves and hypocotyls. Also observed in apical meristematic regions, siliques and embryos. Low expression in roots, limited to the vascular tissue. Ref.5 Ref.9 Ref.10
Developmental stage	Expressed throughout develpoment. Ref.10
Induction	Up-regulated by osmotic and salt stresses and by abscisic acid treatment. No effect of thiamine, salicylic acid or paraquat treatments. Down-regulated by dark incubation. Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.17
Post-translational modification	During the catalytic reaction, a sulfide is transferred from Cys-216 to a reaction intermediate, generating a dehydroalanine residue. HAMAP-Rule MF_03158
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the THI4 family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Thiamine biosynthesis
Cellular component	Chloroplast Mitochondrion Plastid
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative initiation
Domain	Transit peptide
Ligand	Iron Metal-binding NAD
Technical term	3D-structure Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	oxazole or thiazole biosynthetic process Inferred from genetic interaction Ref.1. Source: TAIR response to DNA damage stimulus Inferred from mutant phenotype PubMed 9367751. Source: TAIR response to cold Inferred from expression pattern Ref.12. Source: TAIR thiamine biosynthetic process Inferred from genetic interaction Ref.1. Source: TAIR
Cellular_component	chloroplast envelope Inferred from direct assay Ref.8. Source: TAIR chloroplast stroma Inferred from direct assay Ref.11PubMed 18633119Ref.14. Source: TAIR mitochondrion Inferred from direct assay Ref.6. Source: TAIR stromule Inferred from direct assay Ref.12. Source: TAIR thylakoid Inferred from direct assay PubMed 16648217. Source: TAIR
Molecular_function	zinc ion binding Inferred from direct assay PubMed 20018591. Source: TAIR
Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative initiation. [Align] [Select]

Isoform chloroplastic (identifier: Q38814-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Isoform mitochondrial (identifier: Q38814-2)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-69: Missing.

Note: Mitochondrial precursor. Contains a mitochondrial presequence-like structure at its N-terminus.

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Molecule processing

Transit peptide

1 – 55

55

Chloroplast HAMAP-Rule MF_03158

Chain

56 – 349

294

Thiamine thiazole synthase, chloroplastic HAMAP-Rule MF_03158

PRO_0000034060

Regions

Region

114 – 115

2

Substrate binding HAMAP-Rule MF_03158

Region

295 – 297

3

Substrate binding HAMAP-Rule MF_03158

Compositional bias

86 – 89

4

Poly-Val HAMAP-Rule MF_03158

Sites

Binding site

94

1

Substrate; via amide nitrogen

Binding site

122

1

Substrate; via amide nitrogen

Binding site

187

1

Substrate; via amide nitrogen and carbonyl oxygen

Binding site

218

1

Substrate

Binding site

233

1

Substrate

Binding site

285

1

Substrate; via amide nitrogen

Amino acid modifications

Modified residue

216

1

2,3-didehydroalanine (Cys) HAMAP-Rule MF_03158

Natural variations

Alternative sequence

1 – 69

69

Missing in isoform mitochondrial.

VSP_044533

Experimental info

Mutagenesis

1

1

M → I: No chloroplastic isoform produced. Ref.7

Mutagenesis

70

1

M → I: No mitochondrial isoform produced. Ref.7

Mutagenesis

77

1

D → G: No effect. Ref.18

Mutagenesis

85

1

D → G: No effect. Ref.18

Mutagenesis

121

1

G → V: Disrupts thiamine biosynthesis. Ref.18

Mutagenesis

124

1

W → L: No effect. Ref.18

Mutagenesis

172

1

K → M: No effect. Ref.18

Mutagenesis

184

1

A → V in tz-201; disrupts thiamine biosynthesis. Ref.9 Ref.18

Mutagenesis

211

1

H → F: Disrupts thiamine biosynthesis and DNA damage tolerance activity. Ref.18

Mutagenesis

266

1

E → G: Disrupts thiamine biosynthesis. Ref.18

Secondary structure

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349

Helix Strand Turn

Details...

Helix

63 – 81

19

Beta strand

83 – 89

7

Helix

93 – 103

11

Beta strand

110 – 118

9

Turn

121 – 124

4

Beta strand

133 – 136

4

Turn

137 – 139

3

Helix

140 – 146

7

Beta strand

154 – 160

7

Helix

162 – 174

13

Beta strand

179 – 183

5

Beta strand

185 – 193

9

Beta strand

196 – 204

9

Helix

205 – 208

4

Turn

211 – 213

3

Beta strand

220 – 229

10

Beta strand

233 – 235

3

Turn

236 – 239

4

Helix

240 – 247

8

Beta strand

250 – 252

3

Beta strand

258 – 260

3

Helix

262 – 272

11

Beta strand

274 – 277

4

Beta strand

280 – 282

3

Helix

285 – 291

7

Helix

301 – 317

17

Turn

323 – 326

4

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform chloroplastic [UniParc]. Last modified November 1, 1996. Version 1. Checksum: F872AB061A23CB22	FASTA	349	36,664
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MAAIASTLSL SSTKPQRLFD SSFHGSAISA APISIGLKPR SFSVRATTAG YDLNAFTFDP 70 80 90 100 110 120 IKESIVSREM TRRYMTDMIT YAETDVVVVG AGSAGLSAAY EISKNPNVQV AIIEQSVSPG 130 140 150 160 170 180 GGAWLGGQLF SAMIVRKPAH LFLDEIGVAY DEQDTYVVVK HAALFTSTIM SKLLARPNVK 190 200 210 220 230 240 LFNAVAAEDL IVKGNRVGGV VTNWALVAQN HHTQSCMDPN VMEAKIVVSS CGHDGPFGAT 250 260 270 280 290 300 GVKRLKSIGM IDHVPGMKAL DMNTAEDAIV RLTREVVPGM IVTGMEVAEI DGAPRMGPTF 310 320 330 340 GAMMISGQKA GQLALKALGL PNAIDGTLVG NLSPELVLAA ADSAETVDA
	Isoform mitochondrial [UniParc]. Checksum: F7CBEDD149301E40	FASTA	280	29,362
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MTRRYMTDMI TYAETDVVVV GAGSAGLSAA YEISKNPNVQ VAIIEQSVSP GGGAWLGGQL 70 80 90 100 110 120 FSAMIVRKPA HLFLDEIGVA YDEQDTYVVV KHAALFTSTI MSKLLARPNV KLFNAVAAED 130 140 150 160 170 180 LIVKGNRVGG VVTNWALVAQ NHHTQSCMDP NVMEAKIVVS SCGHDGPFGA TGVKRLKSIG 190 200 210 220 230 240 MIDHVPGMKA LDMNTAEDAI VRLTREVVPG MIVTGMEVAE IDGAPRMGPT FGAMMISGQK 250 260 270 280 AGQLALKALG LPNAIDGTLV GNLSPELVLA AADSAETVDA

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Thi1, a thiamine biosynthetic gene in Arabidopsis thaliana, complements bacterial defects in DNA repair." Machado C.R., de Oliveira R.L., Boiteux S., Praekelt U.M., Meacock P.A., Menck C.F. Plant Mol. Biol. 31:585-593(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM CHLOROPLASTIC), FUNCTION. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[2]	"Structural analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5. I. Sequence features of the 1.6 Mb regions covered by twenty physically assigned P1 clones." Sato S., Kotani H., Nakamura Y., Kaneko T., Asamizu E., Fukami M., Miyajima N., Tabata S. DNA Res. 4:215-230(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[3]	The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) Submitted (APR-2011) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: GENOME REANNOTATION. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[4]	"Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome." Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M., Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G., Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G. , Miranda M., Quach H.L., Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C., Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J., Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A., Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C., Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X., Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M., Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K., Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A., Ecker J.R. Science 302:842-846(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM CHLOROPLASTIC). Strain: cv. Columbia.
[5]	"Identification of agthi1, whose product is involved in biosynthesis of the thiamine precursor thiazole, in actinorhizal nodules of Alnus glutinosa." Ribeiro A., Praekelt U., Akkermans A.D.L., Meacock P.A., van Kammen A., Bisseling T., Pawlowski K. Plant J. 10:361-368(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[6]	"Dual targeting properties of the N-terminal signal sequence of Arabidopsis thaliana THI1 protein to mitochondria and chloroplasts." Chabregas S.M., Luche D.D., Farias L.P., Ribeiro A.F., van Sluys M.A., Menck C.F., Silva-Filho M.C. Plant Mol. Biol. 46:639-650(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, ALTERNATIVE INITIATION.
[7]	"Differential usage of two in-frame translational start codons regulates subcellular localization of Arabidopsis thaliana THI1." Chabregas S.M., Luche D.D., Van Sluys M.A., Menck C.F., Silva-Filho M.C. J. Cell Sci. 116:285-291(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: ALTERNATIVE INITIATION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MUTAGENESIS OF MET-1 AND MET-70.
[8]	"Proteomic study of the Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplastic envelope membrane utilizing alternatives to traditional two-dimensional electrophoresis." Froehlich J.E., Wilkerson C.G., Ray W.K., McAndrew R.S., Osteryoung K.W., Gage D.A., Phinney B.S. J. Proteome Res. 2:413-425(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS], IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[9]	"Point mutation is responsible for Arabidopsis tz-201 mutant phenotype affecting thiamin biosynthesis." Papini-Terzi F.S., Galhardo R.S., Farias L.P., Menck C.F., Van Sluys M.A. Plant Cell Physiol. 44:856-860(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF ALA-184, INDUCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[10]	"Functional characterization of the thi1 promoter region from Arabidopsis thaliana." Ribeiro D.T., Farias L.P., de Almeida J.D., Kashiwabara P.M., Ribeiro A.F., Silva-Filho M.C., Menck C.F., Van Sluys M.A. J. Exp. Bot. 56:1797-1804(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INDUCTION.
[11]	"The oligomeric stromal proteome of Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts." Peltier J.-B., Cai Y., Sun Q., Zabrouskov V., Giacomelli L., Rudella A., Ytterberg A.J., Rutschow H., van Wijk K.J. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 5:114-133(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS], IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[12]	"The chloroplast lumen and stromal proteomes of Arabidopsis thaliana show differential sensitivity to short- and long-term exposure to low temperature." Goulas E., Schubert M., Kieselbach T., Kleczkowski L.A., Gardestroem P., Schroeder W., Hurry V. Plant J. 47:720-734(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS], IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[13]	"Sorting signals, N-terminal modifications and abundance of the chloroplast proteome." Zybailov B., Rutschow H., Friso G., Rudella A., Emanuelsson O., Sun Q., van Wijk K.J. PLoS ONE 3:E1994-E1994(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS], IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[14]	"AT_CHLORO, a comprehensive chloroplast proteome database with subplastidial localization and curated information on envelope proteins." Ferro M., Brugiere S., Salvi D., Seigneurin-Berny D., Court M., Moyet L., Ramus C., Miras S., Mellal M., Le Gall S., Kieffer-Jaquinod S., Bruley C., Garin J., Joyard J., Masselon C., Rolland N. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 9:1063-1084(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS], IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[15]	"Megadalton complexes in the chloroplast stroma of Arabidopsis thaliana characterized by size exclusion chromatography, mass spectrometry, and hierarchical clustering." Olinares P.D., Ponnala L., van Wijk K.J. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 9:1594-1615(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS], IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[16]	"Saccharomyces cerevisiae THI4p is a suicide thiamine thiazole synthase." Chatterjee A., Abeydeera N.D., Bale S., Pai P.J., Dorrestein P.C., Russell D.H., Ealick S.E., Begley T.P. Nature 478:542-546(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: DIDEHYDROALANINE FORMATION AT CYS-216.
[17]	"The upregulation of thiamine (vitamin B1) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings under salt and osmotic stress conditions is mediated by abscisic acid at the early stages of this stress response." Rapala-Kozik M., Wolak N., Kujda M., Banas A.K. BMC Plant Biol. 12:2-2(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION.
[18]	"Structure of the thiazole biosynthetic enzyme THI1 from Arabidopsis thaliana." Godoi P.H., Galhardo R.S., Luche D.D., Van Sluys M.A., Menck C.F., Oliva G. J. Biol. Chem. 281:30957-30966(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.6 ANGSTROMS) OF 49-328 IN COMPLEX WITH ADT, SUBUNIT, MUTAGENESIS OF ASP-77; ASP-85; GLY-121; TRP-124; LYS-172; ALA-184; HIS-211 AND GLU-266.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBL
GenBank
DDBJ

U17589 mRNA. Translation: AAC97124.1.
AB005232 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB08756.1.
CP002688 Genomic DNA. Translation: AED96539.1.
AF419604 mRNA. Translation: AAL31936.1.
AF428355 mRNA. Translation: AAL16285.1.
AF428385 mRNA. Translation: AAL16153.1.
AY054216 mRNA. Translation: AAL06876.1.
AY058094 mRNA. Translation: AAL24202.1.
AY143082 mRNA. Translation: AAN12914.1.

IPI

IPI00541324.

PIR

S71191.

RefSeq

NP_200288.1. NM_124858.3.

UniGene

At.24888.

3D structure databases

PDBe
RCSB PDB
PDBj

Entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
1RP0	X-ray	1.60	A/B	49-328	[»]

ProteinModelPortal

Q38814.

SMR

Q38814. Positions 51-328.

ModBase

Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

IntAct

Q38814. 1 interaction.

STRING

3702.AT5G54770.1-P.

Proteomic databases

PaxDb

Q38814.

PRIDE

Q38814.

Protocols and materials databases

StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase

Search...

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblPlants

AT5G54770.1; AT5G54770.1; AT5G54770.

GeneID

835567.

KEGG

ath:AT5G54770.

Organism-specific databases

TAIR

At5g54770.

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOG

COG1635.

HOGENOM

HOG000106048.

InParanoid

Q38814.

KO

K03146.

OMA

CMDPNTI.

PhylomeDB

Q38814.

ProtClustDB

PLN02661.

Enzyme and pathway databases

BioCyc

MetaCyc:AT5G54770-MONOMER.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpress

Q38814.

Genevestigator

Q38814.

GermOnline

AT5G54770. Arabidopsis thaliana.

Family and domain databases

HAMAP

MF_03158. THI4.

InterPro

IPR002922. Thi4_fam.
[Graphical view]

PANTHER

PTHR10617:SF54. PTHR10617:SF54. 1 hit.

TIGRFAMs

TIGR00292. TIGR00292. 1 hit.

ProtoNet

Search...

Other

EvolutionaryTrace

Q38814.

Entry information

Entry name

THI4_ARATH

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q38814

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	November 1, 1997
Last sequence update:	November 1, 1996
Last modified:	May 1, 2013
This is version 100 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Plant Protein Annotation Program