Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q26366 (VG_DROME)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Protein vestigial

Gene names

Name:	vg
ORF Names:	CG3830

Organism

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) [Complete proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

7227 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Arthropoda › Hexapoda › Insecta › Pterygota › Neoptera › Endopterygota › Diptera › Brachycera › Muscomorpha › Ephydroidea › Drosophilidae › Drosophila › Sophophora

Protein attributes

Sequence length	453 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Involved in determining which thoracic imaginal disk cells will form wings and halteres, perhaps by interacting with other nuclear regulatory proteins. When in combination with scalloped (sd), it acts as a transcriptional activation complex that regulates gene expression in the wing. Binding to sd switches the DNA target selectivity of sd. Required and sufficient for cell proliferation at the dorsal/ventral (D/V) boundary of the wing imaginal disk. Also required for cell proliferation in the wing imaginal disk, mediated via activation of E2f. By interacting with Dhfr, may control genes involved in DNA replication. Ref.1 Ref.4 Ref.5 Ref.7
Subunit structure	The Ser-rich protein domain within the C-terminal region interacts with the C-terminus of sd to form a complex which acts as a selector for wing development. Interacts with Dhfr. Ref.4 Ref.5 Ref.7
Subcellular location	Nucleus.
Tissue specificity	Expressed in the developing wing primordia initially along the D/V wing boundary, and by the late third larval instar, maximal expression is seen in cells at the D/V wing disk boundary. Less expression is seen in cells located farther from this boundary. Ref.4 Ref.5
Miscellaneous	Loss of vestigial function selectively eliminates wing and haltere formation.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Cell cycle DNA replication Transcription Transcription regulation
Cellular component	Nucleus
Ligand	DNA-binding
Molecular function	Activator Developmental protein
Technical term	Complete proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	DNA replication Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW cell cycle Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW compound eye morphogenesis Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: FlyBase dorsal/ventral lineage restriction, imaginal disc Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: FlyBase haltere development Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: FlyBase imaginal disc-derived leg morphogenesis Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: FlyBase imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis Non-traceable author statement. Source: FlyBase regulation of cell proliferation Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: FlyBase regulation of mitotic cell cycle Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: FlyBase regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW transcription Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW wing disc dorsal/ventral pattern formation Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: FlyBase wing disc proximal/distal pattern formation Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: FlyBase
Cellular component	nucleus Ref.4 Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB
Molecular function	DNA binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW protein C-terminus binding Ref.4 Inferred from physical interaction. Source: UniProtKB transcription regulator activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Complete GO annotation...

Binary interactions

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
sd	P30052	2	EBI-162687,EBI-151228
TEAD1	P28347	2	EBI-162687,EBI-529156	From a different organism.

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 453	453	Protein vestigial		PRO_0000065807
Regions
	Region	279 – 335	57	Ser-rich sd binding domain
	Compositional bias	69 – 79	11	Poly-Ala
	Compositional bias	83 – 91	9	Poly-Ala
	Compositional bias	98 – 110	13	Poly-Gly
	Compositional bias	228 – 231	4	Poly-Gly
	Compositional bias	267 – 272	6	Poly-Gly

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Q26366-1 [UniParc]. Last modified November 1, 1996. Version 1. Checksum: E65D18E6FE4D9B28	FASTA	453	46,327
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MAVSCPEVMY GAYYPYLYGR AGTSRSFYQY ERFNQDLYSS SGVNLAASSS ASGSSHSPCS 70 80 90 100 110 120 PILPPSVSAN AAAAVAAAAH NSAAAAVAVA ANQASSSGGI GGGGLGGLGG LGGGPASGLL 130 140 150 160 170 180 GSNVVPGSSS VGSVGLGMSP VLSGAAGHSL HSSHRTHAHS LAHAHTHPHS HTHTHTHQTK 190 200 210 220 230 240 EEDLIVPRSE AEARLVGSQQ HQHHNESSCS SGPDSPRHAH SHSHPLHGGG GATGGPSSAG 250 260 270 280 290 300 GTGSGGGDGG GTGAIPKNLP ALETPMGSGG GGLAGSGQGQ AQYLSASCVV FTNYSGDTAS 310 320 330 340 350 360 QVDEHFSRAL NYNNKDSKES SSPMSNRNFP PSFWNSNYVH PIPAPTHHQV SDLYGTATDT 370 380 390 400 410 420 GYATDPWVPH AAHYGSYAHA AHAHAAHAHA YHHNMAQYGS LLRLPQQYAS HGSRLHHDQQ 430 440 450 TAHALEYSSY PTMAGLEAQV AQVQESSKDL YWF

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Control of Drosophila wing and haltere development by the nuclear vestigial gene product." Williams J.A., Bell J.B., Carroll S.B. Genes Dev. 5:2481-2495(1991) [PubMed: 1752439] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE, FUNCTION.
[2]	"The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster." Adams M.D., Celniker S.E., Holt R.A., Evans C.A., Gocayne J.D., Amanatides P.G., Scherer S.E., Li P.W., Hoskins R.A., Galle R.F., George R.A., Lewis S.E., Richards S., Ashburner M., Henderson S.N., Sutton G.G., Wortman J.R., Yandell M.D. , Zhang Q., Chen L.X., Brandon R.C., Rogers Y.-H.C., Blazej R.G., Champe M., Pfeiffer B.D., Wan K.H., Doyle C., Baxter E.G., Helt G., Nelson C.R., Miklos G.L.G., Abril J.F., Agbayani A., An H.-J., Andrews-Pfannkoch C., Baldwin D., Ballew R.M., Basu A., Baxendale J., Bayraktaroglu L., Beasley E.M., Beeson K.Y., Benos P.V., Berman B.P., Bhandari D., Bolshakov S., Borkova D., Botchan M.R., Bouck J., Brokstein P., Brottier P., Burtis K.C., Busam D.A., Butler H., Cadieu E., Center A., Chandra I., Cherry J.M., Cawley S., Dahlke C., Davenport L.B., Davies P., de Pablos B., Delcher A., Deng Z., Mays A.D., Dew I., Dietz S.M., Dodson K., Doup L.E., Downes M., Dugan-Rocha S., Dunkov B.C., Dunn P., Durbin K.J., Evangelista C.C., Ferraz C., Ferriera S., Fleischmann W., Fosler C., Gabrielian A.E., Garg N.S., Gelbart W.M., Glasser K., Glodek A., Gong F., Gorrell J.H., Gu Z., Guan P., Harris M., Harris N.L., Harvey D.A., Heiman T.J., Hernandez J.R., Houck J., Hostin D., Houston K.A., Howland T.J., Wei M.-H., Ibegwam C., Jalali M., Kalush F., Karpen G.H., Ke Z., Kennison J.A., Ketchum K.A., Kimmel B.E., Kodira C.D., Kraft C.L., Kravitz S., Kulp D., Lai Z., Lasko P., Lei Y., Levitsky A.A., Li J.H., Li Z., Liang Y., Lin X., Liu X., Mattei B., McIntosh T.C., McLeod M.P., McPherson D., Merkulov G., Milshina N.V., Mobarry C., Morris J., Moshrefi A., Mount S.M., Moy M., Murphy B., Murphy L., Muzny D.M., Nelson D.L., Nelson D.R., Nelson K.A., Nixon K., Nusskern D.R., Pacleb J.M., Palazzolo M., Pittman G.S., Pan S., Pollard J., Puri V., Reese M.G., Reinert K., Remington K., Saunders R.D.C., Scheeler F., Shen H., Shue B.C., Siden-Kiamos I., Simpson M., Skupski M.P., Smith T.J., Spier E., Spradling A.C., Stapleton M., Strong R., Sun E., Svirskas R., Tector C., Turner R., Venter E., Wang A.H., Wang X., Wang Z.-Y., Wassarman D.A., Weinstock G.M., Weissenbach J., Williams S.M., Woodage T., Worley K.C., Wu D., Yang S., Yao Q.A., Ye J., Yeh R.-F., Zaveri J.S., Zhan M., Zhang G., Zhao Q., Zheng L., Zheng X.H., Zhong F.N., Zhong W., Zhou X., Zhu S.C., Zhu X., Smith H.O., Gibbs R.A., Myers E.W., Rubin G.M., Venter J.C. Science 287:2185-2195(2000) [PubMed: 10731132] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: Berkeley.
[3]	"Annotation of the Drosophila melanogaster euchromatic genome: a systematic review." Misra S., Crosby M.A., Mungall C.J., Matthews B.B., Campbell K.S., Hradecky P., Huang Y., Kaminker J.S., Millburn G.H., Prochnik S.E., Smith C.D., Tupy J.L., Whitfield E.J., Bayraktaroglu L., Berman B.P., Bettencourt B.R., Celniker S.E., de Grey A.D.N.J. , Drysdale R.A., Harris N.L., Richter J., Russo S., Schroeder A.J., Shu S.Q., Stapleton M., Yamada C., Ashburner M., Gelbart W.M., Rubin G.M., Lewis S.E. Genome Biol. 3:RESEARCH0083.1-RESEARCH0083.22(2002) [PubMed: 12537572] [Abstract] Cited for: GENOME REANNOTATION.
[4]	"Molecular interactions between Vestigial and Scalloped promote wing formation in Drosophila." Simmonds A.J., Liu X., Soanes K.H., Krause H.M., Irvine K.D., Bell J.B. Genes Dev. 12:3815-3820(1998) [PubMed: 9869635] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH SD, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[5]	"The Vestigial and Scalloped proteins act together to directly regulate wing-specific gene expression in Drosophila." Halder G., Polaczyk P., Kraus M.E., Hudson A., Kim J., Laughon A., Carroll S.B. Genes Dev. 12:3900-3909(1998) [PubMed: 9869643] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH SD, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[6]	"Binding of the vestigial co-factor switches the DNA-target selectivity of the scalloped selector protein." Halder G., Carroll S.B. Development 128:3295-3305(2001) [PubMed: 11546746] [Abstract] Cited for: DNA-BINDING OF VG-SD COMPLEX.
[7]	"The Drosophila wing differentiation factor vestigial-scalloped is required for cell proliferation and cell survival at the dorso-ventral boundary of the wing imaginal disc." Delanoue R., Legent K., Godefroy N., Flagiello D., Dutriaux A., Vaudin P., Becker J.L., Silber J. Cell Death Differ. 11:110-122(2004) [PubMed: 14526388] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH SD AND DHFR.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	S72379 Unassigned DNA. Translation: AAB20671.1. AE013599 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAF58444.1.
PIR	A41640.
RefSeq	NP_523723.1.
UniGene	Dm.6219
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct	Q26366. 3 interactions.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	FBgn0003975. Drosophila melanogaster. [Contig view]
GeneID	36421.
KEGG	dme:Dmel_CG3830.
NMPDR	fig|7227.3.peg.4955.
Organism-specific databases
FlyBase	FBgn0003975. vg.
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM	Q26366.
OMA	Q26366. HALEYSS.
Enzyme and pathway databases
BioCyc	DMEL-XXX-02:DMEL-XXX-02-004343-MON.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	Q26366.
GermOnline	CG3830. Drosophila melanogaster.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR006627. DUF_TDU. IPR011520. Vg_Tdu. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF07545. Vg_Tdu. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SMART	SM00711. TDU. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other Resources
NextBio	798482.

Entry information

Entry name

VG_DROME

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q26366
Secondary accession number(s): Q9V6H9

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 15, 1999
Last sequence update:	November 1, 1996
Last modified:	June 16, 2009
This is version 70 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

Drosophila annotation project