Q16778 (H2B2E_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 129.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Histone H2B type 2-E Alternative name(s): Histone H2B-GL105 Histone H2B.q Short name=H2B/q | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 126 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. Ref.8 Ref.10 Ref.11 Has broad antibacterial activity. May contribute to the formation of the functional antimicrobial barrier of the colonic epithelium, and to the bactericidal activity of amniotic fluid. Ref.8 Ref.10 Ref.11 |
| Subunit structure | The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA. |
| Subcellular location | |
| Post-translational modification | Monoubiquitination at Lys-35 (H2BK34Ub) by the MSL1/MSL2 dimer is required for histone H3 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) and 'Lys-79' (H3K79me) methylation and transcription activation at specific gene loci, such as HOXA9 and MEIS1 loci. Similarly, monoubiquitination at Lys-121 (H2BK120Ub) by the RNF20/40 complex gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation and is also prerequisite for histone H3 'Lys-4' and 'Lys-79' methylation. It also functions cooperatively with the FACT dimer to stimulate elongation by RNA polymerase II. Phosphorylation at Ser-37 (H2BS36ph) by AMPK in response to stress promotes transcription By similarity. Phosphorylated on Ser-15 (H2BS14ph) by STK4/MST1 during apoptosis; which facilitates apoptotic chromatin condensation. Also phosphorylated on Ser-15 in response to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), and in correlation with somatic hypermutation and immunoglobulin class-switch recombination. Ref.14 GlcNAcylation at Ser-113 promotes monoubiquitination of Lys-121. It fluctuates in response to extracellular glucose, and associates with transcribed genes By similarity. Crotonylation (Kcr) is specifically present in male germ cells and marks testis-specific genes in post-meiotic cells, including X-linked genes that escape sex chromosome inactivation in haploid cells. Crotonylation marks active promoters and enhancers and confers resistance to transcriptional repressors. It is also associated with post-meiotically activated genes on autosomes. Ref.19 |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the histone H2B family. |
Ontologies
| Keywords | |
|---|---|
| Cellular component | Chromosome Nucleosome core Nucleus |
| Ligand | DNA-binding |
| Molecular function | Antibiotic Antimicrobial |
| PTM | Acetylation Glycoprotein Isopeptide bond Methylation Phosphoprotein Ubl conjugation |
| Technical term | Complete proteome Direct protein sequencing Reference proteome |
| Gene Ontology (GO) | |
| Biological_process | defense response to bacterium Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW nucleosome assemblyNon-traceable author statement Ref.1. Source: UniProtKB |
| Cellular_component | nucleosome Non-traceable author statement Ref.1. Source: UniProtKB nucleusInferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell |
| Molecular_function | DNA binding Non-traceable author statement Ref.1. Source: UniProtKB |
| Complete GO annotation... | |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initiator methionine | 1 | 1 | Removed Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.11 | ||||||
| Chain | 2 – 126 | 125 | Histone H2B type 2-E | PRO_0000071835 | |||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 2 | 1 | N-acetylproline By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 6 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine; alternate Ref.12 Ref.16 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 6 | 1 | N6-crotonyl-L-lysine; alternate Ref.19 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 7 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 12 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine; alternate Ref.12 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 12 | 1 | N6-crotonyl-L-lysine; alternate Ref.19 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 13 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine; alternate Ref.12 Ref.16 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 13 | 1 | N6-crotonyl-L-lysine; alternate Ref.19 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 15 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by STK4/MST1 Ref.14 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 16 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine; alternate Ref.12 Ref.16 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 16 | 1 | N6-crotonyl-L-lysine; alternate Ref.19 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 17 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine; alternate Ref.12 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 17 | 1 | N6-crotonyl-L-lysine; alternate Ref.19 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 21 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine; alternate Ref.12 Ref.16 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 21 | 1 | N6-crotonyl-L-lysine; alternate | ||||||
| Modified residue | 24 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine; alternate By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 24 | 1 | N6-crotonyl-L-lysine; alternate Ref.19 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 35 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine; alternate By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 35 | 1 | N6-crotonyl-L-lysine; alternate Ref.19 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 37 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by AMPK By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 43 | 1 | Phosphotyrosine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 47 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine; alternate By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 47 | 1 | N6-methyllysine; alternate Ref.12 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 58 | 1 | N6,N6-dimethyllysine Ref.12 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 79 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 86 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 109 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine; alternate By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 109 | 1 | N6-methyllysine; alternate Ref.12 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 113 | 1 | Phosphoserine; alternate By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 117 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 121 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine; alternate By similarity | ||||||
| Glycosylation | 113 | 1 | O-linked (GlcNAc...); alternate By similarity | ||||||
| Cross-link | 35 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in ubiquitin); alternate Ref.20 | |||||||
| Cross-link | 121 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in ubiquitin); alternate Ref.12 Ref.15 Ref.17 | |||||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 5 | 1 | A → S in AAH98112. Ref.7 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 5 | 1 | A → S in AAH98289. Ref.7 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "A human histone H2B.1 variant gene, located on chromosome 1, utilizes alternative 3' end processing." Collart D., Romain P.L., Huebner K., Pockwinse S., Pilapil S., Cannizzaro L.A., Lian J.B., Croce C.M., Stein J.L., Stein G.S. J. Cell. Biochem. 50:374-385(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Tissue: Lymphocyte. |
| [2] | "The human and mouse replication-dependent histone genes." Marzluff W.F., Gongidi P., Woods K.R., Jin J., Maltais L.J. Genomics 80:487-498(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [3] | "Cloning of human full open reading frames in Gateway(TM) system entry vector (pDONR201)." Ebert L., Schick M., Neubert P., Schatten R., Henze S., Korn B. Submitted (JUN-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. |
| [4] | "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. Sugano S.Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Brain. |
| [5] | "The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1." Gregory S.G., Barlow K.F., McLay K.E., Kaul R., Swarbreck D., Dunham A., Scott C.E., Howe K.L., Woodfine K., Spencer C.C.A., Jones M.C., Gillson C., Searle S., Zhou Y., Kokocinski F., McDonald L., Evans R., Phillips K. Bentley D.R.Nature 441:315-321(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [6] | Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. Venter J.C.Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [7] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Lung and Ovary. |
| [8] | "Endotoxin-neutralizing antimicrobial proteins of the human placenta." Kim H.S., Cho J.H., Park H.W., Yoon H., Kim M.S., Kim S.C. J. Immunol. 168:2356-2364(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 2-21, FUNCTION. |
| [9] | "Biochemical and antibacterial analysis of human wound and blister fluid." Frohm M., Gunne H., Bergman A.-C., Agerberth B., Bergman T., Boman A., Liden S., Joernvall H., Boman H.G. Eur. J. Biochem. 237:86-92(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 2-13. |
| [10] | "Antimicrobial peptides in the first line defence of human colon mucosa." Tollin M., Bergman P., Svenberg T., Joernvall H., Gudmundsson G.H., Agerberth B. Peptides 24:523-530(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 2-13, FUNCTION. |
| [11] | "Antimicrobial polypeptides of the human colonic epithelium." Howell S.J., Wilk D., Yadav S.P., Bevins C.L. Peptides 24:1763-1770(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 2-13, FUNCTION. |
| [12] | "Quantitative proteomic analysis of post-translational modifications of human histones." Beck H.C., Nielsen E.C., Matthiesen R., Jensen L.H., Sehested M., Finn P., Grauslund M., Hansen A.M., Jensen O.N. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 5:1314-1325(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 7-24, ACETYLATION AT LYS-6; LYS-12; LYS-13; LYS-16; LYS-17 AND LYS-21, METHYLATION AT LYS-47; LYS-58 AND LYS-109, UBIQUITINATION AT LYS-121, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [13] | "Isolation and characterization of a cDNA from a human histone H2B gene which is reciprocally expressed in relation to replication-dependent H2B histone genes during HL60 cell differentiation." Collart D., Ramsey-Ewing A., Bortell R., Lian J., Stein J., Stein G. Biochemistry 30:1610-1617(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 26-126. Tissue: Liver. |
| [14] | "Apoptotic phosphorylation of histone H2B is mediated by mammalian sterile twenty kinase." Cheung W.L., Ajiro K., Samejima K., Kloc M., Cheung P., Mizzen C.A., Beeser A., Etkin L.D., Chernoff J., Earnshaw W.C., Allis C.D. Cell 113:507-517(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-15. |
| [15] | "Monoubiquitination of human histone H2B: the factors involved and their roles in HOX gene regulation." Zhu B., Zheng Y., Pham A.-D., Mandal S.S., Erdjument-Bromage H., Tempst P., Reinberg D. Mol. Cell 20:601-611(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: UBIQUITINATION AT LYS-121. |
| [16] | "Inhibition of core histones acetylation by carcinogenic nickel(II)." Golebiowski F., Kasprzak K.S. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 279:133-139(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: ACETYLATION AT LYS-6; LYS-13; LYS-16 AND LYS-21. |
| [17] | "Histone H2B monoubiquitination functions cooperatively with FACT to regulate elongation by RNA polymerase II." Pavri R., Zhu B., Li G., Trojer P., Mandal S., Shilatifard A., Reinberg D. Cell 125:703-717(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: UBIQUITINATION AT LYS-121. |
| [18] | "Gene-specific characterization of human histone H2B by electron capture dissociation." Siuti N., Roth M.J., Mizzen C.A., Kelleher N.L., Pesavento J.J. J. Proteome Res. 5:233-239(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [19] | "Identification of 67 histone marks and histone lysine crotonylation as a new type of histone modification." Tan M., Luo H., Lee S., Jin F., Yang J.S., Montellier E., Buchou T., Cheng Z., Rousseaux S., Rajagopal N., Lu Z., Ye Z., Zhu Q., Wysocka J., Ye Y., Khochbin S., Ren B., Zhao Y. Cell 146:1016-1028(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: CROTONYLATION AT LYS-6; LYS-12; LYS-13; LYS-16; LYS-17; LYS-24 AND LYS-35. |
| [20] | "The RING finger protein MSL2 in the MOF complex is an E3 ubiquitin ligase for H2B K34 and is involved in crosstalk with H3 K4 and K79 methylation." Wu L., Zee B.M., Wang Y., Garcia B.A., Dou Y. Mol. Cell 43:132-144(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: UBIQUITINATION AT LYS-35. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | X57985 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA41051.1. AY131979 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAN59961.1. CR541895 mRNA. Translation: CAG46693.1. AK289725 mRNA. Translation: BAF82414.1. AL591493 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI12568.1. CH471121 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW53605.1. BC005827 mRNA. Translation: AAH05827.1. BC069193 mRNA. Translation: AAH69193.1. BC096121 mRNA. Translation: AAH96121.1. BC098112 mRNA. Translation: AAH98112.1. BC098289 mRNA. Translation: AAH98289.1. BC107084 mRNA. Translation: AAI07085.1. BC107085 mRNA. Translation: AAI07086.1. M60756 mRNA. Translation: AAA63192.1. |
| IPI | IPI00003935. |
| PIR | I37467. S65409. |
| RefSeq | NP_003519.1. NM_003528.2. |
| UniGene | Hs.2178. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | Q16778. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| DIP | DIP-39324N. |
| IntAct | Q16778. 10 interactions. |
| MINT | MINT-1461208. |
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000358151. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | Q16778. |
Polymorphism databases | |
| DMDM | 7387736. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | Q16778. |
| PRIDE | Q16778. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| DNASU | 8349. |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000369155; ENSP00000358151; ENSG00000184678. ENST00000583061; ENSP00000464485; ENSG00000264719. |
| GeneID | 8349. |
| KEGG | hsa:8349. |
| UCSC | uc001etc.3. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 8349. |
| GeneCards | GC01M149856. |
| H-InvDB | HIX0029389. |
| HGNC | HGNC:4760. HIST2H2BE. |
| MIM | 601831. gene. |
| neXtProt | NX_Q16778. |
| PharmGKB | PA29135. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | NOG315146. |
| HOGENOM | HOG000231213. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG007774. |
| InParanoid | Q16778. |
| KO | K11252. |
| OMA | AKTHKEA. |
| OrthoDB | EOG46DM4D. |
| PhylomeDB | Q16778. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| Reactome | REACT_111183. Meiosis. REACT_115566. Cell Cycle. REACT_116125. Disease. |
Gene expression databases | |
| Bgee | Q16778. |
| CleanEx | HS_HIST2H2BE. |
| Genevestigator | Q16778. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000184678. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| Gene3D | 1.10.20.10. 1 hit. |
| InterPro | IPR009072. Histone-fold. IPR007125. Histone_core_D. IPR000558. Histone_H2B. [Graphical view] |
| PANTHER | PTHR23428. PTHR23428. 1 hit. |
| Pfam | PF00125. Histone. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PRINTS | PR00621. HISTONEH2B. |
| SMART | SM00427. H2B. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SUPFAM | SSF47113. Histone-fold. 1 hit. |
| PROSITE | PS00357. HISTONE_H2B. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| ChiTaRS | HIST2H2BE. human. |
| GenomeRNAi | 8349. |
| NextBio | 31268. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | H2B2E_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q16778 Secondary accession number(s): A3KMC7 Q9UE88 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 1 Human chromosome 1: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
