Q16663 (CCL15_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
C-C motif chemokine 15

Alternative name(s):
Chemokine CC-2
Short name=HCC-2
Leukotactin-1
Short name=LKN-1
MIP-1 delta
Macrophage inflammatory protein 5
Short name=MIP-5
Mrp-2b
NCC-3
Small-inducible cytokine A15

Cleaved into the following 3 chains:

1. CCL15(22-92)
2. CCL15(25-92)
3. CCL15(29-92)

Gene names

Name:	CCL15
Synonyms:	MIP5, NCC3, SCYA15

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	113 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Chemotactic factor that attracts T-cells and monocytes, but not neutrophils, eosinophils, or B-cells. Acts mainly via CC chemokine receptor CCR1. Also binds to CCR3. CCL15(22-92), CCL15(25-92) and CCL15(29-92) are more potent chemoattractants than the small-inducible cytokine A15. Ref.11
Subunit structure	Monomer. Ref.12
Subcellular location	Secreted.
Tissue specificity	Most abundant in heart, skeletal muscle and adrenal gland. Lower levels in placenta, liver, pancreas and bone marrow. CCL15(22-92), CCL15(25-92) and CCL15(29-92) are found in high levels in synovial fluids from rheumatoid patients. Ref.10 Ref.11
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Chemotaxis
Cellular component	Secreted
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Domain	Signal
Ligand	Heparin-binding
Molecular function	Cytokine
PTM	Disulfide bond
Technical term	3D-structure Complete proteome Direct protein sequencing Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	cell-cell signaling Traceable author statement Ref.1. Source: ProtInc cellular calcium ion homeostasis Traceable author statement PubMed 9346309. Source: ProtInc immune response Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro signal transduction Traceable author statement Ref.1. Source: ProtInc
Cellular_component	extracellular space Traceable author statement Ref.1. Source: ProtInc
Molecular_function	chemoattractant activity Inferred from direct assay PubMed 15001559. Source: UniProtKB chemokine activity Traceable author statement PubMed 9346309. Source: ProtInc heparin binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Molecule processing

Signal peptide

1 – 21

21

Ref.8

Chain

22 – 113

92

C-C motif chemokine 15

PRO_0000005208

Chain

43 – 113

71

CCL15(22-92)

PRO_0000041868

Chain

46 – 113

68

CCL15(25-92)

PRO_0000041869

Chain

50 – 113

64

CCL15(29-92)

PRO_0000041870

Amino acid modifications

Disulfide bond

53 ↔ 77

Ref.12

Disulfide bond

54 ↔ 93

Ref.12

Disulfide bond

64 ↔ 104

Ref.12

Natural variations

Natural variant

24

1

I → T. Ref.1 Ref.3 Ref.4 Ref.5 Ref.6
Corresponds to variant rs854625 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].

VAR_011640

Experimental info

Sequence conflict

14

1

V → I in AAD10847. Ref.1

Secondary structure

1

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

113

Helix Strand Turn

Details...

Beta strand

59 – 61

3

Helix

64 – 66

3

Beta strand

67 – 72

6

Beta strand

77 – 79

3

Beta strand

82 – 86

5

Turn

87 – 89

3

Beta strand

90 – 94

5

Helix

101 – 107

7

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Q16663 [UniParc]. Last modified December 15, 1998. Version 2. Checksum: 0BA0FCE7B8A30A04	FASTA	113	12,248
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MKVSVAALSC LMLVAVLGSQ AQFINDAETE LMMSKLPLEN PVVLNSFHFA ADCCTSYISQ 70 80 90 100 110 SIPCSLMKSY FETSSECSKP GVIFLTKKGR QVCAKPSGPG VQDCMKKLKP YSI

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Molecular cloning of leukotactin-1: a novel human beta-chemokine, a chemoattractant for neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes, and a potent agonist at CC chemokine receptors 1 and 3." Youn B.-S., Zhang S.M., Lee E.K., Park D.H., Broxmeyer H.E., Murphy P.M., Locati M., Pease J.E., Kim K.K., Antol K., Kwon B.S. J. Immunol. 159:5201-5205(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], VARIANT THR-24.
[2]	"Molecular cloning and functional characterization of human MIP-1 delta, a new C-C chemokine related to mouse CCF-18 and C10." Wang W., Bacon K.B., Oldham E.R., Schall T.J. J. Clin. Immunol. 18:214-222(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Spleen.
[3]	"HCC-2, a human chemokine: gene structure, expression pattern, and biological activity." Pardigol A., Forssmann U., Zucht H.-D., Loetscher P., Schulz-Knappe P., Baggiolini M., Forssmann W.-G., Maegert H.-J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:6308-6313(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], VARIANT THR-24, CHARACTERIZATION. Tissue: Liver.
[4]	"Organization of the chemokine gene cluster on human chromosome 17q11.2 containing the genes for CC chemokine MPIF-1, HCC-2, LEC, and RANTES." Nomiyama H., Fukuda S., Iio M., Tanase S., Miura R., Yoshie O. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 19:227-234(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], VARIANT THR-24.
[5]	Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. , Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C. Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA], VARIANT THR-24.
[6]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], VARIANT THR-24. Tissue: Brain.
[7]	Coulin F., Power C.A., Alouani S., Peitsch M.C., Schroeder J.-M., Moshizuki M., Clark-Lewis I., Wells T.N.C. Submitted (JAN-1997) to UniProtKB Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 12-113.
[8]	"Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites." Zhang Z., Henzel W.J. Protein Sci. 13:2819-2824(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 22-36.
[9]	"The chemokine information source: identification and characterization of novel chemokines using the WorldWideWeb and expressed sequence tag databases." Wells T.N.C., Peitsch M.C. J. Leukoc. Biol. 61:545-550(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: DISCUSSION OF SEQUENCE.
[10]	"Characterization of CKbeta8 and CKbeta8-1: two alternatively spliced forms of human beta-chemokine, chemoattractants for neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes, and potent agonists at CC chemokine receptor 1." Youn B.-S., Zhang S.M., Broxmeyer H.E., Cooper S., Antol K., Fraser M. Jr., Kwon B.S. Blood 91:3118-3126(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[11]	"Proteolytic activation of alternative CCR1 ligands in inflammation." Berahovich R.D., Miao Z., Wang Y., Premack B., Howard M.C., Schall T.J. J. Immunol. 174:7341-7351(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION OF CCL15(22-92); CCL15(25-92) AND CCL15(29-92), PROTEOLYTIC PROCESSING OF N-TERMINUS, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, FUNCTION.
[12]	"Solution structure of the human CC chemokine 2: A monomeric representative of the CC chemokine subtype." Sticht H., Escher S.E., Schweimer K., Forssmann W.G., Rosch P., Adermann K. Biochemistry 38:5995-6002(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 48-113, SUBUNIT, DISULFIDE BONDS.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Web resources

Wikipedia

CCL15 entry

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBL
GenBank
DDBJ

U58914 mRNA. Translation: AAD10847.1.
AF031587 mRNA. Translation: AAB94617.1.
Z70293 mRNA. Translation: CAA94308.1.
Z70292 mRNA. Translation: CAA94306.1.
AF088219 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC63328.1.
CH471147 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW80110.1.
CH471147 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW80111.1.
CH471147 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW80112.1.
CH471147 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW80113.1.
BC140941 mRNA. Translation: AAI40942.1.

IPI

IPI00003440.

RefSeq

NP_116741.1. NM_032965.4.

UniGene

Hs.272493.

3D structure databases

PDBe
RCSB PDB
PDBj

Entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
2HCC	NMR	-	A	48-113	[»]

ProteinModelPortal

Q16663.

ModBase

Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

DIP

DIP-6218N.

STRING

9606.ENSP00000293276.

Polymorphism databases

DMDM

3915594.

Proteomic databases

PaxDb

Q16663.

PRIDE

Q16663.

Protocols and materials databases

DNASU

6359.

StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase

Search...

Genome annotation databases

Ensembl

ENST00000354059; ENSP00000293276; ENSG00000267596.

GeneID

6359.

KEGG

hsa:6359.

UCSC

uc010wcu.2. human.

Organism-specific databases

CTD

6359.

GeneCards

GC17M034312.

HGNC

HGNC:10613. CCL15.

MIM

601393. gene.

neXtProt

NX_Q16663.

PharmGKB

PA35546.

GenAtlas

Search...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOG

NOG26004.

HOGENOM

HOG000036685.

HOVERGEN

HBG017871.

InParanoid

Q16663.

KO

K05511.

OMA

QSIPCSL.

PhylomeDB

Q16663.

Gene expression databases

Bgee

Q16663.

Genevestigator

Q16663.

GermOnline

ENSG00000161574. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

InterPro

IPR000827. Chemokine_CC_CS.
IPR001811. Chemokine_IL8-like_dom.
[Graphical view]

Pfam

PF00048. IL8. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

SMART

SM00199. SCY. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

SUPFAM

SSF54117. Chemokine_IL8. 1 hit.

PROSITE

PS00472. SMALL_CYTOKINES_CC. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

ProtoNet

Search...

Other

EvolutionaryTrace

Q16663.

GenomeRNAi

6359.

NextBio

24704.

SOURCE

Search...

Entry information

Entry name

CCL15_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q16663
Secondary accession number(s): B2RU34, E1P651, Q9UM74

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	November 1, 1997
Last sequence update:	December 15, 1998
Last modified:	May 1, 2013
This is version 124 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.