Reviewed,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q16613 (SNAT_HUMAN)
Last modified
January 19, 2010.
Version 81.
History...
Clusters with 100%,
90%,
50% identity |
Documents (6) |
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Names and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Serotonin N-acetyltransferase Short name=Serotonin acetylase EC=2.3.1.87 Alternative name(s): Aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase Short name=AA-NAT | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Complete proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 207 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level. |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Catalyzes the N-acetylation of serotonin into N-acetylserotonin. Controls the night/day rhythm of melatonin production in the pineal gland. Has a relative affinity for hydroxylated versus non-hydroxylated arylalkylamines. |
| Catalytic activity | Acetyl-CoA + a 2-arylethylamine = CoA + an N-acetyl-2-arylethylamine. |
| Pathway | Aromatic compound metabolism; melatonin biosynthesis; melatonin from serotonin: step 1/2. |
| Subunit structure | Monomer By similarity. Interacts with YWHAZ; the interaction requires phosphorylation on Thr-31, and modulates the enzymatic activity of AANAT through preventing dephosphorylation and/or proteolysis and stabilizing substrate binding. Subsequently, a second molecule of AANAT can bind, via the phosphorylated Ser-205 site, the other YWHAZ monomer with similar effect By similarity. |
| Subcellular location | |
| Tissue specificity | Highly expressed in pineal gland. Lower levels in the retina and in the Y79 retinoblastoma cell line. Weak expression in several brain regions and in the pituitary gland. Ref.1 Ref.4 |
| Post-translational modification | Phosphorylated; cAMP-dependent phosphorylation on both N-terminal and C-terminal sites regulates AANAT activity through allowing interaction with 14-3-3 proteins and protecting the enzyme against proteasomal degradation By similarity. |
| Polymorphism | The variant Thr-129 shows significantly higher frequency in delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS). Expressed in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), including oral cavity, esophagus, stomach and duodenum. Expressed in the entero-endocrine (EE) cells of the GIT wall. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. AANAT subfamily. Contains 1 N-acetyltransferase domain. |
| Biophysicochemical properties | Kinetic parameters: KM=0.13 mM for tryptamine KM=2.6 mM for 5-hydroxytryptamine KM=0.55 mM for phenylethylamine KM=10.6 mM for tyramine |
Ontologies
| Keywords | |
|---|---|
| Biological process | Biological rhythms Melatonin biosynthesis |
| Cellular component | Cytoplasm |
| Coding sequence diversity | Polymorphism |
| Molecular function | Acyltransferase Transferase |
| PTM | Phosphoprotein |
| Technical term | Complete proteome |
| Gene Ontology (GO) | |
| Biological process | circadian rhythm Ref.1 Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc melatonin biosynthetic processInferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW |
| Cellular component | cytosol Ref.1 Inferred from Experiment. Source: Reactome |
| Molecular function | aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase activity Ref.1 Inferred from Experiment. Source: Reactome |
| Complete GO annotation... | |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 207 | 207 | Serotonin N-acetyltransferase | PRO_0000074580 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Domain | 35 – 194 | 160 | N-acetyltransferase | ||||||
| Region | 124 – 126 | 3 | Acetyl-CoA binding By similarity | ||||||
| Region | 132 – 137 | 6 | Acetyl-CoA binding By similarity | ||||||
| Region | 168 – 170 | 3 | Acetyl-CoA binding By similarity | ||||||
Sites | |||||||||
| Binding site | 124 | 1 | Substrate; via carbonyl oxygen By similarity | ||||||
| Site | 120 | 1 | Important for the catalytic mechanism; involved in substrate deprotonation By similarity | ||||||
| Site | 122 | 1 | Important for the catalytic mechanism; involved in substrate deprotonation By similarity | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 31 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by PKA By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 205 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Natural variant | 15 | 1 | R → C: dbSNP rs34470791. | VAR_048168 | |||||
| Natural variant | 129 | 1 | A → T in DSPS. dbSNP rs28936679. Ref.5 | VAR_055086 | |||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "The human serotonin N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.87) gene (AANAT): structure, chromosomal localization, and tissue expression." Coon S.L., Mazuruk K., Bernard M., Roseboom P., Klein D.C., Rodriguez I.R. Genomics 34:76-84(1996) [PubMed: 8661026] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA], INDUCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [2] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Brain and Testis. |
| [3] | "cAmp regulation of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT, EC 2.3.1.87): a new cell line (1E7) provides evidence of intracellular AANAT activation." Coon S.L., Weller J.L., Korf H.-W., Namboodiri M.A., Rollag M., Klein D.C. J. Biol. Chem. 276:24097-24107(2001) [PubMed: 11313340] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, INDUCTION, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES. |
| [4] | "Role of melatonin in upper gastrointestinal tract." Konturek S.J., Konturek P.C., Brzozowski T., Bubenik G.A. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 58:23-52(2007) [PubMed: 18212399] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [5] | "Significant association of the arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) gene with delayed sleep phase syndrome." Hohjoh H., Takasu M., Shishikura K., Takahashi Y., Honda Y., Tokunaga K. Neurogenetics 4:151-153(2003) [PubMed: 12736803] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT DSPS THR-129. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | U40391 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC50555.1. U40347 mRNA. Translation: AAC50554.1. BC069434 mRNA. Translation: AAH69434.1. BC092430 mRNA. Translation: AAH92430.1. BC126332 mRNA. Translation: AAI26333.1. BC126334 mRNA. Translation: AAI26335.1. |
| IPI | IPI00003354. |
| RefSeq | NP_001079.1. NP_001160051.1. |
| UniGene | Hs.431417 |
3D structure databases | |
| SMR | Q16613. Positions 19-196. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| STRING | Q16613. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | Q16613. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PRIDE | Q16613. |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000250615; ENSP00000250615; ENSG00000129673; Homo sapiens. [Genome view] ENST00000392492; ENSP00000376282; ENSG00000129673; Homo sapiens. [Genome view] |
| GeneID | 15. |
| KEGG | hsa:15. |
| UCSC | uc002jro.1. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 15. |
| GeneCards | GC17P071975. |
| HGNC | HGNC:19. AANAT. |
| MIM | 600950. gene+phenotype. |
| PharmGKB | PA24366. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | prNOG15095. |
| HOGENOM | HBG715289. |
| HOVERGEN | Q16613. |
| InParanoid | Q16613. |
| OMA | VPFYERF. |
| OrthoDB | EOG9GF60Z. |
| PhylomeDB | Q16613. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| BRENDA | 2.3.1.87. 247. |
| Reactome | REACT_15314. Hormone biosynthesis. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | Q16613. |
| Bgee | Q16613. |
| CleanEx | HS_AANAT. |
| Genevestigator | Q16613. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000129673. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR016181. Acyl_CoA_acyltransferase. IPR000182. GCN5-rel_AcTrfase. [Graphical view] |
| Gene3D | G3DSA:3.40.630.30. Acyl_CoA_acyltransferase. 1 hit. |
| Pfam | PF00583. Acetyltransf_1. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PROSITE | PS51186. GNAT. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other Resources | |
| NextBio | 35. |
| PMAP-CutDB | Q16613. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | SNAT_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q16613 Secondary accession number(s): A0AVF2, Q562F4 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
| ||||||||
| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation project | HPI (Human Proteome Initiative) | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 17 Human chromosome 17: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| PATHWAY comments Index of metabolic and biosynthesis pathways |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with


