Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q16568 (CART_HUMAN)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein
Cleaved into the following 2 chains:
    1- Recommended name:
            CART(1-39)
    2- Recommended name:
            CART(42-89)

Gene names

Name:	CARTPT
Synonyms:	CART

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Complete proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	116 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Satiety factor closely associated with the actions of leptin and neuropeptide y; this anorectic peptide inhibits both normal and starvation-induced feeding and completely blocks the feeding response induced by neuropeptide Y and regulated by leptin in the hypothalamus. It promotes neuronal development and survival in vitro. Ref.6
Subcellular location	Secreted Potential.
Tissue specificity	Hypothalamus. Found in neurons of the ventrolateral part of the arcuate nucleus, in the external zone of the median eminence, and also found in terminals in the periventricular part of the paraventricular nucleus.
Induction	By leptin.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the CART family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Secreted
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Disease	Disease mutation Obesity
Domain	Signal
Molecular function	Neuropeptide Neurotransmitter
PTM	Cleavage on pair of basic residues Disulfide bond
Technical term	3D-structure Complete proteome Direct protein sequencing
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	activation of MAPKK activity Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: HGNC adult feeding behavior Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: HGNC cellular glucose homeostasis Inferred from direct assay. Source: HGNC cellular response to starvation Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: HGNC circadian regulation of gene expression Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: HGNC negative regulation of appetite Ref.7 Traceable author statement. Source: HGNC negative regulation of bone resorption Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: HGNC negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation Traceable author statement. Source: HGNC neuropeptide signaling pathway Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW positive regulation of blood pressure Inferred from direct assay. Source: HGNC positive regulation of epinephrine secretion Inferred from direct assay. Source: HGNC positive regulation of transmission of nerve impulse Inferred from direct assay. Source: HGNC synaptic transmission Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular component	extracellular space Inferred from direct assay. Source: HGNC
Molecular function	protein binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Molecule processing

Signal peptide

1 – 27

27

Ref.5

Chain

28 – 116

89

Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein

PRO_0000004433

Peptide

28 – 66

39

CART(1-39)

PRO_0000004434

Peptide

69 – 116

48

CART(42-89)

PRO_0000004435

Amino acid modifications

Disulfide bond

82 ↔ 100

Disulfide bond

88 ↔ 108

Disulfide bond

102 ↔ 115

Natural variations

Natural variant

61

1

L → F Cosegregates with obesity phenotype in a large family. Ref.9

VAR_012199

Natural variant

66

1

S → T

VAR_012200

Natural variant

113

1

L → M: dbSNP rs12517689.

VAR_053022

Secondary structure

1

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

116

Helix Strand Turn

Details...

Beta strand

84 – 86

3

Beta strand

88 – 91

4

Beta strand

93 – 98

6

Turn

110 – 112

3

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Q16568-1 [UniParc]. Last modified November 1, 1996. Version 1. Checksum: FC396CA2C032AA83	FASTA	116	12,829
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MESSRVRLLP LLGAALLLML PLLGTRAQED AELQPRALDI YSAVDDASHE KELIEALQEV 70 80 90 100 110 LKKLKSKRVP IYEKKYGQVP MCDAGEQCAV RKGARIGKLC DCPRGTSCNS FLLKCL

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Characterization of the human cDNA and genomic DNA encoding CART: a cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript." Douglass J.O., Daoud S. Gene 169:241-245(1996) [PubMed: 8647455] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA].
[2]	"Cloning of human full open reading frames in Gateway(TM) system entry vector (pDONR201)." Ebert L., Schick M., Neubert P., Schatten R., Henze S., Korn B. Submitted (JUN-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
[3]	Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. , Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C. Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[4]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Brain.
[5]	"Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites." Zhang Z., Henzel W.J. Protein Sci. 13:2819-2824(2004) [PubMed: 15340161] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 28-42.
[6]	"Hypothalamic CART is a new anorectic peptide regulated by leptin." Kristensen P., Judge M.E., Thim L., Ribel U., Christjansen K.N., Wulff B.S., Clausen J.T., Jensen P.B., Madsen O.D., Vrang N., Larsen P.J., Hastrup S. Nature 393:72-76(1998) [PubMed: 9590691] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[7]	"Solution structure of the satiety factor, CART, reveals new functionality of a well-known fold." Ludvigsen S., Thim L., Blom A.M., Wulff B.S. Biochemistry 40:9082-9088(2001) [PubMed: 11478874] [Abstract] Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 75-116.
[8]	"The CART gene and human obesity: mutational analysis and population genetics." Challis B.G., Yeo G.S.H., Farooqi I.S., Luan J., Aminian S., Halsall D.J., Keogh J.M., Wareham N.J., O'Rahilly S. Diabetes 49:872-875(2000) [PubMed: 10905499] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT THR-66.
[9]	"Mutational screening of the CART gene in obese children: identifying a mutation (Leu34Phe) associated with reduced resting energy expenditure and cosegregating with obesity phenotype in a large family." del Giudice E.M., Santoro N., Cirillo G., D'Urso L., Di Toro R., Perrone L. Diabetes 50:2157-2160(2001) [PubMed: 11522684] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT PHE-61.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBL
GenBank
DDBJ

U16826 mRNA. Translation: AAB08010.1.
U20325 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAB08011.1.
CR542216 mRNA. Translation: CAG47012.1.
CH471084 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW95694.1.
BC029882 mRNA. Translation: AAH29882.1.

IPI

IPI00002925.

PIR

JC4669.

RefSeq

NP_004282.1.

UniGene

Hs.1707

3D structure databases

PDBe
RCSB PDB
PDBj

Entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
1HY9	NMR	-	A	76-116	[»]

ModBase

Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

STRING

Q16568.

Proteomic databases

PRIDE

Q16568.

Genome annotation databases

Ensembl

ENST00000296777; ENSP00000296777; ENSG00000164326; Homo sapiens. [Genome view]

GeneID

9607.

KEGG

hsa:9607.

UCSC

uc003kbv.1. human.

Organism-specific databases

CTD

9607.

GeneCards

GC05P071051.

H-InvDB

HIX0004930.
HIX0057675.

HGNC

HGNC:24323. CARTPT.

MIM

602606. gene.

GenAtlas

Search...

Phylogenomic databases

HOGENOM

HBG713570.

HOVERGEN

Q16568.

InParanoid

Q16568.

OMA

MESSRLR.

OrthoDB

EOG9BVVDP.

PhylomeDB

Q16568.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpress

Q16568.

Bgee

Q16568.

CleanEx

HS_CARTPT.

Genevestigator

Q16568.

GermOnline

ENSG00000164326. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

InterPro

IPR009106. CART.
[Graphical view]

Gene3D

G3DSA:4.10.40.30. CART. 1 hit.

PANTHER

PTHR16655. CART. 1 hit.

Pfam

PF06373. CART. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

ProtoNet

Search...

Other Resources

DrugBank

DB00182. Amphetamine.

NextBio

36043.

SOURCE

Search...

Entry information

Entry name

CART_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q16568
Secondary accession number(s): Q6FG92

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	November 1, 1997
Last sequence update:	November 1, 1996
Last modified:	January 19, 2010
This is version 88 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.