Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q16143 (SYUB_HUMAN)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Beta-synuclein

Gene names

Name:

SNCB

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human)

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	134 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Non-amyloid component of senile plaques found in Alzheimer disease. Could act as a regulator of SNCA aggregation process. Protects neurons from staurosporine and 6-hydroxy dopamine (6OHDA)-stimulated caspase activation in a TP53/p53-dependent manner. Contributes to restore the SNCA anti-apoptotic function abolished by 6OHDA. Not found in the Lewy bodies associated with Parkinson disease.
Subcellular location	Cytoplasm.
Tissue specificity	Expressed predominantly in brain; concentrated in presynaptic nerve terminals.
Post-translational modification	Phosphorylated. Phosphorylation by G-protein coupled receptor kinases (GRK) is more efficient than phosphorylation by CK1, CK2 and CaM-kinase II. Ref.7
Involvement in disease	Brain iron accumulation type 1 (NBIA1, also called Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome), a rare neuroaxonal dystrophy, is histologically characterized by axonal spheroids, iron deposition, Lewy body (LB)-like intraneuronal inclusions, glial inclusions and neurofibrillary tangles. SNCB is found in spheroids but not in inclusions.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the synuclein family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Cytoplasm
Domain	Repeat
PTM	Phosphoprotein
Technical term	Direct protein sequencing
Gene Ontology (GO)
Molecular function	phospholipase inhibitor activity Ref.2 Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 134	134	Beta-synuclein		PRO_0000184035
Regions
	Repeat	20 – 30	11	1
	Repeat	31 – 41	11	2
	Repeat	42 – 56	15	3; approximate
	Repeat	57 – 67	11	4
	Region	20 – 67	48	4 X 11 AA tandem repeats of [EGS]-K-T-K-[EQ]-[GQ]-V-X(4)
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	118	1	Phosphoserine; by BARK1, CK2 and GRK5

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Q16143-1 [UniParc]. Last modified November 1, 1996. Version 1. Checksum: 5BCA9FCA615AC4EF	FASTA	134	14,288
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MDVFMKGLSM AKEGVVAAAE KTKQGVTEAA EKTKEGVLYV GSKTREGVVQ GVASVAEKTK 70 80 90 100 110 120 EQASHLGGAV FSGAGNIAAA TGLVKREEFP TDLKPEEVAQ EAAEEPLIEP LMEPEGESYE 130 DPPQEEYQEY EPEA

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Identification of two distinct synucleins from human brain." Jakes R., Spillantini M.G., Goedert M. FEBS Lett. 345:27-32(1994) [PubMed: 8194594] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], PARTIAL PROTEIN SEQUENCE. Tissue: Brain.
[2]	"Genomic organization and expression of the human beta-synuclein gene (SNCB)." Lavedan C., Leroy E., Torres R., Dehejia A., Dutra A., Buchholtz S., Nussbaum R.L., Polymeropoulos M.H. Genomics 54:173-175(1998) [PubMed: 9806846] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[3]	"Cloning of human full-length CDSs in BD Creator(TM) system donor vector." Kalnine N., Chen X., Rolfs A., Halleck A., Hines L., Eisenstein S., Koundinya M., Raphael J., Moreira D., Kelley T., LaBaer J., Lin Y., Phelan M., Farmer A. Submitted (MAY-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
[4]	"Cloning of human full open reading frames in Gateway(TM) system entry vector (pDONR201)." Ebert L., Schick M., Neubert P., Schatten R., Henze S., Korn B. Submitted (JUN-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
[5]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Lung.
[6]	Lubec G., Chen W.-Q., Sun Y. Submitted (DEC-2008) to UniProtKB Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 46-85, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Fetal brain cortex.
[7]	"Synucleins are a novel class of substrates for G protein-coupled receptor kinases." Pronin A.N., Morris A.J., Surguchov A., Benovic J.L. J. Biol. Chem. 275:26515-26522(2000) [PubMed: 10852916] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	S69965 mRNA. Translation: AAB30860.1. AF053136, AF053134, AF053135 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC80286.1. BT006627 mRNA. Translation: AAP35273.1. CR457027 mRNA. Translation: CAG33308.1. BC002902 mRNA. Translation: AAH02902.1.
IPI	IPI00032904.
PIR	S44430.
RefSeq	NP_001001502.1. NP_003076.1.
UniGene	Hs.646913 Hs.90297
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct	Q16143. 1 interaction.
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	Q16143.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	Q16143.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENSG00000074317. Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
GeneID	6620.
KEGG	hsa:6620.
Organism-specific databases
GeneCards	GC05M175979.
H-InvDB	HIX0005445.
HGNC	HGNC:11140. SNCB.
HPA	CAB002681.
MIM	602569. gene.
Orphanet	1648. Lewy body dementia.
PharmGKB	PA35988.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM	Q16143.
HOVERGEN	Q16143.
OMA	Q16143. KEEFPAD.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	Q16143.
Bgee	Q16143.
CleanEx	HS_SNCB.
GermOnline	ENSG00000074317. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR001058. Synuclein. IPR002461. Synuclein_beta. [Graphical view]
Gene3D	G3DSA:1.10.287.700. Synuclein. 1 hit.
PANTHER	PTHR13820. Synuclein. 1 hit. PTHR13820:SF4. Synuclein_beta. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF01387. Synuclein. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR01213. BSYNUCLEIN. PR01211. SYNUCLEIN.
ProDom	PD010631. Synuclein. 1 hit. [Graphical view] [Entries sharing at least one domain]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other Resources
NextBio	25779.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

SYUB_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q16143
Secondary accession number(s): Q6IAX7

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	November 1, 1997
Last sequence update:	November 1, 1996
Last modified:	June 16, 2009
This is version 83 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)