Q15714 (T22D1_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
TSC22 domain family protein 1

Alternative name(s):
Cerebral protein 2
Regulatory protein TSC-22
TGFB-stimulated clone 22 homolog
Transforming growth factor beta-1-induced transcript 4 protein

Gene names

Name:	TSC22D1
Synonyms:	KIAA1994, TGFB1I4, TSC22
ORF Names:	hucep-2

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human)

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	1073 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Transcriptional repressor. Acts on the C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) promoter.
Subunit structure	Homodimer or heterodimer. Can form an heterodimer with TSC22D4.
Subcellular location	Cytoplasm By similarity. Nucleus By similarity.
Tissue specificity	Widely expressed in fetal and adult tissues.
Induction	In aortic endothelial cells, induced by cytokines, including TGFB1.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the TSC-22/Dip/Bun family.
Sequence caution	The sequence BAC02703.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Transcription Transcription regulation
Cellular component	Cytoplasm Nucleus
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative splicing Polymorphism
Molecular function	Repressor
PTM	Phosphoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc
Cellular component	cytoplasm Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell nucleus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Molecular function	sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 3 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]
Isoform 1 (identifier: Q15714-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.
Isoform 2 (identifier: Q15714-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:      1-921: Missing.      922-970: VGLPQTISGD...TTPLVDGEDE → MKSQWCRPVA...TENASVRLDN
Sequence annotation (Features)
	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
	Sequence conflict	15	1	V → A in BAB46917. Ref.4
Isoform 3 (identifier: Q15714-3) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:      1-488: Missing.

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 1073	1073	TSC22 domain family protein 1		PRO_0000219365
Regions
	Domain	1006 – 1027	22	Leucine-zipper
	Compositional bias	59 – 82	24	Pro-rich
	Compositional bias	195 – 241	47	His-rich
	Compositional bias	497 – 817	321	Gln-rich
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	263	1	Phosphoserine Ref.14
Natural variations
	Alternative sequence	1 – 921	921	Missing in isoform 2.		VSP_035325
	Alternative sequence	1 – 488	488	Missing in isoform 3.		VSP_035324
	Alternative sequence	922 – 970	49	VGLPQ…DGEDE → MKSQWCRPVAMDLGVYQLRH FSISFLSSLLGTENASVRLD N in isoform 2.		VSP_035326
	Natural variant	652	1	P → S. Corresponds to variant rs9525983 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_057311
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	332	1	M → I in BAC02703. Ref.6
	Sequence conflict	581	1	P → L in CAH10539. Ref.12
	Sequence conflict	661	1	P → S in CAH10539. Ref.12

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform 1 [UniParc]. Last modified May 31, 2011. Version 3. Checksum: BFA471E36FCD06BD	FASTA	1,073	109,677
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MHQPPESTAA AAAAADISAR KMAHPAMFPR RGSGSGSASA LNAAGTGVGS NATSSEDFPP 70 80 90 100 110 120 PSLLQPPPPA ASSTSGPQPP PPQSLNLLSQ AQLQAQPLAP GGTQMKKKSG FQITSVTPAQ 130 140 150 160 170 180 ISASISSNNS IAEDTESYDD LDESHTEDLS SSEILDVSLS RATDLGEPER SSSEETLNNF 190 200 210 220 230 240 QEAETPGAVS PNQPHLPQPH LPHLPQQNVV INGNAHPHHL HHHHQIHHGH HLQHGHHHPS 250 260 270 280 290 300 HVAVASASIT GGPPSSPVSR KLSTTGSSDS ITPVAPTSAV SSSGSPASVM TNMRAPSTTG 310 320 330 340 350 360 GIGINSVTGT STVNNVNITA VGSFNPNVTS SMLGNVNIST SNIPSAAGVS VGPGVTSGVN 370 380 390 400 410 420 VNILSGMGNG TISSSAAVSS VPNAAAGMTG GSVSSQQQQP TVNTSRFRVV KLDSSSEPFK 430 440 450 460 470 480 KGRWTCTEFY EKENAVPATE GVLINKVVET VKQNPIEVTS ERESTSGSSV SSSVSTLSHY 490 500 510 520 530 540 TESVGSGEMG APTVVVQQQQ QQQQQQQQQP ALQGVTLQQM DFGSTGPQSI PAVSIPQSIS 550 560 570 580 590 600 QSQISQVQLQ SQELSYQQKQ GLQPVPLQAT MSAATGIQPS PVNVVGVTSA LGQQPSISSL 610 620 630 640 650 660 AQPQLPYSQA APPVQTPLPG APPPQQLQYG QQQPMVSTQM APGHVKSVTQ NPASEYVQQQ 670 680 690 700 710 720 PILQTAMSSG QPSSAGVGAG TTVIPVAQPQ GIQLPVQPTA VPAQPAGASV QPVGQAPAAV 730 740 750 760 770 780 SAVPTGSQIA NIGQQANIPT AVQQPSTQVP PSVIQQGAPP SSQVVPPAQT GIIHQGVQTS 790 800 810 820 830 840 APSLPQQLVI ASQSSLLTVP PQPQGVEPVA QGIVSQQLPA VSSLPSASSI SVTSQVSSTG 850 860 870 880 890 900 PSGMPSAPTN LVPPQNIAQT PATQNGNLVQ SVSQPPLIAT NTNLPLAQQI PLSSTQFSAQ 910 920 930 940 950 960 SLAQAIGSQI EDARRAAEPS LVGLPQTISG DSGGMSAVSD GSSSSLAASA SLFPLKVLPL 970 980 990 1000 1010 1020 TTPLVDGEDE SSSGASVVAI DNKIEQAMDL VKSHLMYAVR EEVEVLKEQI KELIEKNSQL 1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 EQENNLLKTL ASPEQLAQFQ AQLQTGSPPA TTQPQGTTQP PAQPASQGSG PTA
	Isoform 2 [UniParc]. Checksum: B8AEF42657C50892	FASTA	144	15,680
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MKSQWCRPVA MDLGVYQLRH FSISFLSSLL GTENASVRLD NSSSGASVVA IDNKIEQAMD 70 80 90 100 110 120 LVKSHLMYAV REEVEVLKEQ IKELIEKNSQ LEQENNLLKT LASPEQLAQF QAQLQTGSPP 130 140 ATTQPQGTTQ PPAQPASQGS GPTA
	Isoform 3 [UniParc]. Checksum: B2DDBF5D12954ABE	FASTA	585	59,863
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MGAPTVVVQQ QQQQQQQQQQ QPALQGVTLQ QMDFGSTGPQ SIPAVSIPQS ISQSQISQVQ 70 80 90 100 110 120 LQSQELSYQQ KQGLQPVPLQ ATMSAATGIQ PSPVNVVGVT SALGQQPSIS SLAQPQLPYS 130 140 150 160 170 180 QAAPPVQTPL PGAPPPQQLQ YGQQQPMVST QMAPGHVKSV TQNPASEYVQ QQPILQTAMS 190 200 210 220 230 240 SGQPSSAGVG AGTTVIPVAQ PQGIQLPVQP TAVPAQPAGA SVQPVGQAPA AVSAVPTGSQ 250 260 270 280 290 300 IANIGQQANI PTAVQQPSTQ VPPSVIQQGA PPSSQVVPPA QTGIIHQGVQ TSAPSLPQQL 310 320 330 340 350 360 VIASQSSLLT VPPQPQGVEP VAQGIVSQQL PAVSSLPSAS SISVTSQVSS TGPSGMPSAP 370 380 390 400 410 420 TNLVPPQNIA QTPATQNGNL VQSVSQPPLI ATNTNLPLAQ QIPLSSTQFS AQSLAQAIGS 430 440 450 460 470 480 QIEDARRAAE PSLVGLPQTI SGDSGGMSAV SDGSSSSLAA SASLFPLKVL PLTTPLVDGE 490 500 510 520 530 540 DESSSGASVV AIDNKIEQAM DLVKSHLMYA VREEVEVLKE QIKELIEKNS QLEQENNLLK 550 560 570 580 TLASPEQLAQ FQAQLQTGSP PATTQPQGTT QPPAQPASQG SGPTA

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Cloning of the human homologue of the TGF beta-stimulated clone 22 gene." Jay P., Wei J.W., Marsollier C., Taviaux S., Berge-Lefranc J.-L., Berta P. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 222:821-826(1996) [PubMed: 8651929] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2).
[2]	"Molecular cloning and characterization of a transcription factor for the C-type natriuretic peptide gene promoter." Ohta S., Shimekake Y., Nagata K. Eur. J. Biochem. 242:460-466(1996) [PubMed: 9022669] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2). Tissue: Kidney.
[3]	"The characteristics of different types of mRNA expressed in the human brain." Dmitrenko V.V., Garifulin O.M., Shostak E.A., Smikodub A.I., Kavsan V.M. Cyt. Genet. 30:41-47(1996) [PubMed: 9026990] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2). Tissue: Brain.
[4]	"Hucep-2, a gene which is expressed in the human brain, is a homologue of rodent and chicken TSC-22." Yazaki M., Takayama K., Matsumoto K., Yoshimoto M. Submitted (AUG-1996) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2). Tissue: Brain cortex.
[5]	"Cloning and characterization of human TSC-22 genomic DNA." Kawamata H., Uchida D., Omotehara F., Hino S., Nakashiro K., Miwa Y., Begum N., Hoque M.O., Yoshida H., Sato M. Submitted (APR-2000) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[6]	"Characterization of size-fractionated cDNA libraries generated by the in vitro recombination-assisted method." Ohara O., Nagase T., Mitsui G., Kohga H., Kikuno R., Hiraoka S., Takahashi Y., Kitajima S., Saga Y., Koseki H. DNA Res. 9:47-57(2002) [PubMed: 12056414] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Brain.
[7]	"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. , Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S. Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed: 14702039] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2). Tissue: Brain cortex.
[8]	"Cloning of human full open reading frames in Gateway(TM) system entry vector (pDONR201)." Ebert L., Schick M., Neubert P., Schatten R., Henze S., Korn B. Submitted (JUN-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2).
[9]	"The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA consortium." Bechtel S., Rosenfelder H., Duda A., Schmidt C.P., Ernst U., Wellenreuther R., Mehrle A., Schuster C., Bahr A., Bloecker H., Heubner D., Hoerlein A., Michel G., Wedler H., Koehrer K., Ottenwaelder B., Poustka A., Wiemann S., Schupp I. BMC Genomics 8:399-399(2007) [PubMed: 17974005] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 3). Tissue: Fetal brain.
[10]	"The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 13." Dunham A., Matthews L.H., Burton J., Ashurst J.L., Howe K.L., Ashcroft K.J., Beare D.M., Burford D.C., Hunt S.E., Griffiths-Jones S., Jones M.C., Keenan S.J., Oliver K., Scott C.E., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ambrose K.D., Andrews D.T. , Ashwell R.I.S., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Bailey J., Bannerjee R., Barlow K.F., Bates K., Beasley H., Bird C.P., Bray-Allen S., Brown A.J., Brown J.Y., Burrill W., Carder C., Carter N.P., Chapman J.C., Clamp M.E., Clark S.Y., Clarke G., Clee C.M., Clegg S.C., Cobley V., Collins J.E., Corby N., Coville G.J., Deloukas P., Dhami P., Dunham I., Dunn M., Earthrowl M.E., Ellington A.G., Faulkner L., Frankish A.G., Frankland J., French L., Garner P., Garnett J., Gilbert J.G.R., Gilson C.J., Ghori J., Grafham D.V., Gribble S.M., Griffiths C., Hall R.E., Hammond S., Harley J.L., Hart E.A., Heath P.D., Howden P.J., Huckle E.J., Hunt P.J., Hunt A.R., Johnson C., Johnson D., Kay M., Kimberley A.M., King A., Laird G.K., Langford C.J., Lawlor S., Leongamornlert D.A., Lloyd D.M., Lloyd C., Loveland J.E., Lovell J., Martin S., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., McLaren S.J., McMurray A., Milne S., Moore M.J.F., Nickerson T., Palmer S.A., Pearce A.V., Peck A.I., Pelan S., Phillimore B., Porter K.M., Rice C.M., Searle S., Sehra H.K., Shownkeen R., Skuce C.D., Smith M., Steward C.A., Sycamore N., Tester J., Thomas D.W., Tracey A., Tromans A., Tubby B., Wall M., Wallis J.M., West A.P., Whitehead S.L., Willey D.L., Wilming L., Wray P.W., Wright M.W., Young L., Coulson A., Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Sulston J.E., Beck S., Bentley D.R., Rogers J., Ross M.T. Nature 428:522-528(2004) [PubMed: 15057823] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[11]	Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. , Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C. Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[12]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2). Tissue: Brain, Colon, Lung, Ovary and Testis.
[13]	"Transforming growth factor-beta-stimulated clone-22 is a member of a family of leucine zipper proteins that can homo- and heterodimerize and has transcriptional repressor activity." Kester H.A., Blanchetot C., den Hertog J., van der Saag P.T., van der Burg B. J. Biol. Chem. 274:27439-27447(1999) [PubMed: 10488076] [Abstract] Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION.
[14]	"Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions." Mayya V., Lundgren D.H., Hwang S.-I., Rezaul K., Wu L., Eng J.K., Rodionov V., Han D.K. Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009) [PubMed: 19690332] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-263, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Leukemic T-cell.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	U35048 mRNA. Translation: AAC50566.1. D38585 mRNA. Translation: BAA07598.1. AJ222700 mRNA. Translation: CAA10951.1. D87061 mRNA. Translation: BAB46917.1. AF256226 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAG53077.1. AB082525 mRNA. Translation: BAC02703.1. Different initiation. AK312345 mRNA. Translation: BAG35266.1. CR456711 mRNA. Translation: CAG32992.1. CR627459 mRNA. Translation: CAH10539.1. AL138960, AL139184 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI12991.1. AL139184, AL138960 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI16499.1. CH471075 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAX08710.1. BC000456 mRNA. Translation: AAH00456.1. BC016867 mRNA. Translation: AAH16867.1. BC069207 mRNA. Translation: AAH69207.1. BC105277 mRNA. Translation: AAI05278.1. BC136475 mRNA. Translation: AAI36476.1. BC136482 mRNA. Translation: AAI36483.1. BC146664 mRNA. Translation: AAI46665.1. BC146679 mRNA. Translation: AAI46680.1.
IPI	IPI00019355. IPI00301610. IPI00942808.
PIR	JC4813.
RefSeq	NP_001230728.1. NM_001243799.1. NP_006013.1. NM_006022.3. NP_904358.2. NM_183422.3.
UniGene	Hs.507916.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	Q15714.
SMR	Q15714. Positions 988-1043.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct	Q15714. 12 interactions.
MINT	MINT-1367987.
STRING	Q15714.
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	Q15714.
Polymorphism databases
DMDM	205371839.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	Q15714.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000458659; ENSP00000397435; ENSG00000102804.
GeneID	8848.
KEGG	hsa:8848.
UCSC	uc001uzm.2. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	8848.
GeneCards	GC13M045007.
H-InvDB	HIX0037340.
HGNC	HGNC:16826. TSC22D1.
MIM	607715. gene.
neXtProt	NX_Q15714.
HUGE	Search...
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	prNOG09098.
GeneTree	ENSGT00530000063062.
HOGENOM	HBG282423.
HOVERGEN	HBG108540.
InParanoid	Q15714.
OrthoDB	EOG4X3H2T.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	Q15714.
Bgee	Q15714.
CleanEx	HS_TSC22D1.
Genevestigator	Q15714.
GermOnline	ENSG00000102804. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR000580. TSC-22_Dip_Bun. [Graphical view]
PANTHER	PTHR12348. TSC-22_Dip_Bun. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF01166. TSC22. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProDom	PD007152. TSC-22_Dip_Bun. 1 hit. [Graphical view] [Entries sharing at least one domain]
PROSITE	PS01289. TSC22. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
NextBio	33215.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

T22D1_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q15714
Secondary accession number(s): B9EGI0 , O00666, Q6AHX5, Q6IBU1, Q8NCN1, Q96JS5

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	November 1, 1997
Last sequence update:	May 31, 2011
Last modified:	January 25, 2012
This is version 108 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.