Q15022 (SUZ12_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 121.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Polycomb protein SUZ12 Alternative name(s): Chromatin precipitated E2F target 9 protein Short name=ChET 9 protein Joined to JAZF1 protein Suppressor of zeste 12 protein homolog | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 739 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Component of the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex, which methylates 'Lys-9' (H3K9me) and 'Lys-27' (H3K27me) of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target gene. The PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex may also serve as a recruiting platform for DNA methyltransferases, thereby linking two epigenetic repression systems. Genes repressed by the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex include HOXC8, HOXA9, MYT1 and CDKN2A. Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.11 Ref.16 Ref.18 Ref.23 |
| Subunit structure | Component of the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex, which includes EED, EZH2, SUZ12, RBBP4 and RBBP7 and possibly AEBP2. The minimum components required for methyltransferase activity of the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex are EED, EZH2 and SUZ12. Component of the PRC2/EED-EZH1 complex, which includes EED, EZH1, SUZ12, RBBP4 and AEBP2. The PRC2 complex may also interact with DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B and PHF1 via the EZH2 subunit and with SIRT1 via the SUZ12 subunit. Interacts with WDR77. Interacts with histone H1. Ref.5 Ref.6 Ref.8 Ref.13 Ref.14 Ref.17 Ref.21 Ref.22 Ref.23 |
| Subcellular location | |
| Tissue specificity | |
| Developmental stage | Expressed at low levels in quiescent cells. Expression rises at the G1/S phase transition. Ref.8 |
| Induction | |
| Post-translational modification | Sumoylated, probably by PIAS2. Ref.24 |
| Involvement in disease | A chromosomal aberration involving SUZ12 may be a cause of endometrial stromal tumors. Translocation t(7;17)(p15;q21) with JAZF1. The translocation generates the JAZF1-SUZ12 oncogene consisting of the N-terminus part of JAZF1 and the C-terminus part of SUZ12. It is frequently found in all cases of endometrial stromal tumors, except in endometrial stromal sarcomas, where it is rarer. Ref.3 |
| Miscellaneous | Under hypoxic conditions, the precursor SUZ12 RNA undergoes regulated trans-splicing with the JAZF1 RNA, resulting in a chimeric isoform which may be protective against apoptosis. The chimeric transcript is characterized by JAZF1 exons 1-3 joined to SUZ12 exon 2-16. The chimeric transcript is expressed primarily in the endometrium from late secretory and early proliferative phases of the menstrual cycle, but not in normal myometrium at any phase of the cycle. Its expression is slightly induced by low levels of progesterone, but suppressed by both estrogen and high levels of progesterone (Ref.26). |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the VEFS (VRN2-EMF2-FIS2-SU(Z)12) family. Contains 1 C2H2-type zinc finger. |
| Caution | Two variants of the PRC2 complex have been described, termed PRC3 and PRC4. Each of the three complexes may include a different complement of EED isoforms, although the precise sequences of the isoforms in each complex have not been determined. The PRC2 and PRC4 complexes may also methylate 'Lys-26' of histone H1 in addition to 'Lys-27' of histone H3 (Ref.10 and Ref.12), although other studies have demonstrated no methylation of 'Lys-26' of histone H1 by PRC2 (Ref.17). |
| Sequence caution | The sequence BAA09931.2 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Translation N-terminally shortened. |
Ontologies
Binary interactions
With | Entry | #Exp. | IntAct | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HDAC3 | O15379 | 7 | EBI-1264675,EBI-607682 | |
| PML-RAR | Q15156 | 6 | EBI-1264675,EBI-867256 |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 739 | 739 | Polycomb protein SUZ12 | PRO_0000047057 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Zinc finger | 448 – 471 | 24 | C2H2-type | ||||||
| Region | 563 – 639 | 77 | VEFS-box | ||||||
| Compositional bias | 7 – 50 | 44 | Gly-rich | ||||||
| Compositional bias | 51 – 59 | 9 | Poly-Ser | ||||||
| Compositional bias | 60 – 67 | 8 | Poly-Ala | ||||||
Sites | |||||||||
| Site | 93 – 94 | 2 | Breakpoint for translocation to form JAZF1-SUZ12 oncogene | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 546 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.15 Ref.20 Ref.25 Ref.27 Ref.28 Ref.29 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 583 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.20 | ||||||
| Cross-link | 72 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in SUMO) Ref.24 | |||||||
| Cross-link | 73 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in SUMO) Ref.24 | |||||||
| Cross-link | 75 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in SUMO) Ref.24 | |||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Natural variant | 216 | 1 | N → I. Ref.1 Corresponds to variant rs17339444 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_028100 | |||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IV. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0121-KIAA0160) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1." Nagase T., Seki N., Tanaka A., Ishikawa K., Nomura N. DNA Res. 2:167-174(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], VARIANT ILE-216. Tissue: Bone marrow. |
| [2] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Uterus. |
| [3] | "Frequent fusion of the JAZF1 and JJAZ1 genes in endometrial stromal tumors." Koontz J.I., Soreng A.L., Nucci M., Kuo F.C., Pauwels P., van Den Berghe H., Cin P.D., Fletcher J.A., Sklar J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98:6348-6353(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: DISEASE, CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION WITH JAZF1. |
| [4] | "Use of chromatin immunoprecipitation to clone novel E2F target promoters." Weinmann A.S., Bartley S.M., Zhang T., Zhang M.Q., Farnham P.J. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21:6820-6832(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION. |
| [5] | "Histone methyltransferase activity associated with a human multiprotein complex containing the Enhancer of Zeste protein." Kuzmichev A., Nishioka K., Erdjument-Bromage H., Tempst P., Reinberg D. Genes Dev. 16:2893-2905(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY, IDENTIFICATION IN THE PRC2 COMPLEX WITH EED; EZH2; RBBP4 AND RBBP7, METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY OF THE PRC2 COMPLEX. |
| [6] | "Role of histone H3 lysine 27 methylation in Polycomb-group silencing." Cao R., Wang L., Wang H., Xia L., Erdjument-Bromage H., Tempst P., Jones R.S., Zhang Y. Science 298:1039-1043(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY, IDENTIFICATION IN THE PRC2 COMPLEX WITH EED; EZH2; RBBP4 AND RBBP7, METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY OF THE PRC2 COMPLEX. |
| [7] | "EZH2 is downstream of the pRB-E2F pathway, essential for proliferation and amplified in cancer." Bracken A.P., Pasini D., Capra M., Prosperini E., Colli E., Helin K. EMBO J. 22:5323-5335(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION. |
| [8] | "Suz12 is essential for mouse development and for EZH2 histone methyltransferase activity." Pasini D., Bracken A.P., Jensen M.R., Lazzerini Denchi E., Helin K. EMBO J. 23:4061-4071(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH EZH2, METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY OF THE PRC2 COMPLEX, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE. |
| [9] | "Silencing of human polycomb target genes is associated with methylation of histone H3 Lys 27." Kirmizis A., Bartley S.M., Kuzmichev A., Margueron R., Reinberg D., Green R., Farnham P.J. Genes Dev. 18:1592-1605(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [10] | "Different EZH2-containing complexes target methylation of histone H1 or nucleosomal histone H3." Kuzmichev A., Jenuwein T., Tempst P., Reinberg D. Mol. Cell 14:183-193(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRC2 AND PRC3 COMPLEXES INCLUDING EED; EZH2; RBBP4; RBBP7 AND SUZ12, METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY OF THE PRC2 AND PRC3 COMPLEXES. |
| [11] | "SUZ12 is required for both the histone methyltransferase activity and the silencing function of the EED-EZH2 complex." Cao R., Zhang Y. Mol. Cell 15:57-67(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRC2 COMPLEX INCLUDING AEBP2; EED; EZH2; RBBP4 AND SUZ12, METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY OF THE PRC2 COMPLEX. |
| [12] | "Composition and histone substrates of polycomb repressive group complexes change during cellular differentiation." Kuzmichev A., Margueron R., Vaquero A., Preissner T.S., Scher M., Kirmizis A., Ouyang X., Brockdorff N., Abate-Shen C., Farnham P.J., Reinberg D. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102:1859-1864(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRC4 COMPLEX INCLUDING EED; EZH2; RBBP4; RBBP7; SUZ12 AND SIRT1, METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY OF THE PRC4 COMPLEX, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [13] | "Akt-mediated phosphorylation of EZH2 suppresses methylation of lysine 27 in histone H3." Cha T.-L., Zhou B.P., Xia W., Wu Y., Yang C.-C., Chen C.-T., Ping B., Otte A.P., Hung M.-C. Science 310:306-310(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH EZH2. |
| [14] | "Association of Polycomb group SUZ12 with WD-repeat protein MEP50 that binds to histone H2A selectively in vitro." Furuno K., Masatsugu T., Sonoda M., Sasazuki T., Yamamoto K. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 345:1051-1058(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH WDR77. |
| [15] | "Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks." Olsen J.V., Blagoev B., Gnad F., Macek B., Kumar C., Mortensen P., Mann M. Cell 127:635-648(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-546, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [16] | "Genome-wide mapping of Polycomb target genes unravels their roles in cell fate transitions." Bracken A.P., Dietrich N., Pasini D., Hansen K.H., Helin K. Genes Dev. 20:1123-1136(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [17] | "Substrate preferences of the EZH2 histone methyltransferase complex." Martin C., Cao R., Zhang Y. J. Biol. Chem. 281:8365-8370(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY OF THE PRC2 COMPLEX, INTERACTION WITH HISTONE H1. |
| [18] | "The Polycomb group proteins bind throughout the INK4A-ARF locus and are disassociated in senescent cells." Bracken A.P., Kleine-Kohlbrecher D., Dietrich N., Pasini D., Gargiulo G., Beekman C., Theilgaard-Moench K., Minucci S., Porse B.T., Marine J.-C., Hansen K.H., Helin K. Genes Dev. 21:525-530(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [19] | "Polycomb-mediated methylation on Lys27 of histone H3 pre-marks genes for de novo methylation in cancer." Schlesinger Y., Straussman R., Keshet I., Farkash S., Hecht M., Zimmerman J., Eden E., Yakhini Z., Ben-Shushan E., Reubinoff B.E., Bergman Y., Simon I., Cedar H. Nat. Genet. 39:232-236(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: DE NOVO DNA METHYLATION OF PRC2 TARGET GENES. |
| [20] | "Combining protein-based IMAC, peptide-based IMAC, and MudPIT for efficient phosphoproteomic analysis." Cantin G.T., Yi W., Lu B., Park S.K., Xu T., Lee J.-D., Yates J.R. III J. Proteome Res. 7:1346-1351(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-546 AND SER-583, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [21] | "Ezh1 and Ezh2 maintain repressive chromatin through different mechanisms." Margueron R., Li G., Sarma K., Blais A., Zavadil J., Woodcock C.L., Dynlacht B.D., Reinberg D. Mol. Cell 32:503-518(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION IN THE PRC2/EED-EZH1 COMPLEX. |
| [22] | "Role of hPHF1 in H3K27 methylation and Hox gene silencing." Cao R., Wang H., He J., Erdjument-Bromage H., Tempst P., Zhang Y. Mol. Cell. Biol. 28:1862-1872(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY, IDENTIFICATION IN THE PRC2 COMPLEX, METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY OF THE PRC2 COMPLEX. |
| [23] | "Ezh2 requires PHF1 to efficiently catalyze H3 lysine 27 trimethylation in vivo." Sarma K., Margueron R., Ivanov A., Pirrotta V., Reinberg D. Mol. Cell. Biol. 28:2718-2731(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH EED AND EZH2, INTERACTION OF THE PRC2 COMPLEX WITH PHF1, METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY OF THE PRC2 COMPLEX. |
| [24] | "The polycomb repressive complex 2 is a potential target of SUMO modifications." Riising E.M., Boggio R., Chiocca S., Helin K., Pasini D. PLoS ONE 3:E2704-E2704(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUMOYLATION AT LYS-72; LYS-73 AND LYS-75. |
| [25] | "A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation." Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-546, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [26] | "A neoplastic gene fusion mimics trans-splicing of RNAs in normal human cells." Li H., Wang J., Mor G., Sklar J. Science 321:1357-1361(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: TRANS-SPLICING. |
| [27] | "Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions." Mayya V., Lundgren D.H., Hwang S.-I., Rezaul K., Wu L., Eng J.K., Rodionov V., Han D.K. Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-546, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Leukemic T-cell. |
| [28] | "Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis." Olsen J.V., Vermeulen M., Santamaria A., Kumar C., Miller M.L., Jensen L.J., Gnad F., Cox J., Jensen T.S., Nigg E.A., Brunak S., Mann M. Sci. Signal. 3:RA3-RA3(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-546, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [29] | "System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation." Rigbolt K.T., Prokhorova T.A., Akimov V., Henningsen J., Johansen P.T., Kratchmarova I., Kassem M., Mann M., Olsen J.V., Blagoev B. Sci. Signal. 4:RS3-RS3(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-546, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | D63881 mRNA. Translation: BAA09931.2. Different initiation. BC015704 mRNA. Translation: AAH15704.1. |
| IPI | IPI00299526. |
| RefSeq | NP_056170.2. NM_015355.2. |
| UniGene | Hs.741396. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | Q15022. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| DIP | DIP-38524N. |
| IntAct | Q15022. 19 interactions. |
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000316578. |
Polymorphism databases | |
| DMDM | 116242808. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | Q15022. |
| PRIDE | Q15022. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000322652; ENSP00000316578; ENSG00000178691. |
| GeneID | 23512. |
| KEGG | hsa:23512. |
| UCSC | uc002hgs.2. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 23512. |
| GeneCards | GC17P030264. |
| HGNC | HGNC:17101. SUZ12. |
| MIM | 606245. gene. |
| neXtProt | NX_Q15022. |
| Orphanet | 97685. 17q11 microdeletion syndrome. |
| PharmGKB | PA134936035. |
| HUGE | Search... |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | NOG313866. |
| HOGENOM | HOG000047340. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG039522. |
| InParanoid | Q15022. |
| KO | K11463. |
| OMA | PKMEQIQ. |
| OrthoDB | EOG4GTKCD. |
| PhylomeDB | Q15022. |
Gene expression databases | |
| Bgee | Q15022. |
| CleanEx | HS_SUZ12. |
| Genevestigator | Q15022. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000178691. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR019135. Polycomb_protein_VEFS-Box. IPR015880. Znf_C2H2-like. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF09733. VEFS-Box. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SMART | SM00355. ZnF_C2H2. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PROSITE | PS00028. ZINC_FINGER_C2H2_1. 1 hit. PS50157. ZINC_FINGER_C2H2_2. False negative. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| GenomeRNAi | 23512. |
| NextBio | 45931. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | SUZ12_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q15022 Secondary accession number(s): Q96BD9 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
| ||||||||
| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 17 Human chromosome 17: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
