ID   TDRD9_MOUSE             Reviewed;        1383 AA.
AC   Q14BI7; B1Q3J8; Q14AW6;
DT   20-MAY-2008, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   02-MAR-2010, sequence version 3.
DT   27-MAR-2024, entry version 132.
DE   RecName: Full=ATP-dependent RNA helicase TDRD9 {ECO:0000305};
DE            EC=3.6.4.13 {ECO:0000305|PubMed:28633017};
DE   AltName: Full=Tudor domain-containing protein 9 {ECO:0000305};
GN   Name=Tdrd9 {ECO:0000312|MGI:MGI:1921941};
OS   Mus musculus (Mouse).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC   Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae;
OC   Murinae; Mus; Mus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=10090;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
RC   TISSUE=Testis;
RA   Shoji M., Tanaka T., Kitamura K., Hosokawa M., Kato Y., Kondoh G.,
RA   Okawa K., Sasaki H., Chuma S., Nakatsuji N.;
RT   "Regulation of retroelement expression and genome dna methylation through
RT   conserved TDRD9/SPN-E function in the germline.";
RL   Submitted (SEP-2007) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC   STRAIN=C57BL/6J;
RX   PubMed=19468303; DOI=10.1371/journal.pbio.1000112;
RA   Church D.M., Goodstadt L., Hillier L.W., Zody M.C., Goldstein S., She X.,
RA   Bult C.J., Agarwala R., Cherry J.L., DiCuccio M., Hlavina W., Kapustin Y.,
RA   Meric P., Maglott D., Birtle Z., Marques A.C., Graves T., Zhou S.,
RA   Teague B., Potamousis K., Churas C., Place M., Herschleb J., Runnheim R.,
RA   Forrest D., Amos-Landgraf J., Schwartz D.C., Cheng Z., Lindblad-Toh K.,
RA   Eichler E.E., Ponting C.P.;
RT   "Lineage-specific biology revealed by a finished genome assembly of the
RT   mouse.";
RL   PLoS Biol. 7:E1000112-E1000112(2009).
RN   [3]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 2 AND 3).
RX   PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504;
RG   The MGC Project Team;
RT   "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project:
RT   the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
RL   Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
RN   [4]
RP   FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, TISSUE SPECIFICITY,
RP   AND INTERACTION WITH PIWIL4.
RX   PubMed=20059948; DOI=10.1016/j.devcel.2009.10.012;
RA   Shoji M., Tanaka T., Hosokawa M., Reuter M., Stark A., Kato Y., Kondoh G.,
RA   Okawa K., Chujo T., Suzuki T., Hata K., Martin S.L., Noce T.,
RA   Kuramochi-Miyagawa S., Nakano T., Sasaki H., Pillai R.S., Nakatsuji N.,
RA   Chuma S.;
RT   "The TDRD9-MIWI2 complex is essential for piRNA-mediated retrotransposon
RT   silencing in the mouse male germline.";
RL   Dev. Cell 17:775-787(2009).
RN   [5]
RP   INTERACTION WITH PIWIL1 AND PIWIL4.
RX   PubMed=19584108; DOI=10.1101/gad.1814809;
RA   Vagin V.V., Wohlschlegel J., Qu J., Jonsson Z., Huang X., Chuma S.,
RA   Girard A., Sachidanandam R., Hannon G.J., Aravin A.A.;
RT   "Proteomic analysis of murine Piwi proteins reveals a role for arginine
RT   methylation in specifying interaction with Tudor family members.";
RL   Genes Dev. 23:1749-1762(2009).
RN   [6]
RP   SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
RX   PubMed=20011505; DOI=10.1371/journal.pgen.1000764;
RA   Aravin A.A., van der Heijden G.W., Castaneda J., Vagin V.V., Hannon G.J.,
RA   Bortvin A.;
RT   "Cytoplasmic compartmentalization of the fetal piRNA pathway in mice.";
RL   PLoS Genet. 5:E1000764-E1000764(2009).
RN   [7]
RP   IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
RC   TISSUE=Testis;
RX   PubMed=21183079; DOI=10.1016/j.cell.2010.12.001;
RA   Huttlin E.L., Jedrychowski M.P., Elias J.E., Goswami T., Rad R.,
RA   Beausoleil S.A., Villen J., Haas W., Sowa M.E., Gygi S.P.;
RT   "A tissue-specific atlas of mouse protein phosphorylation and expression.";
RL   Cell 143:1174-1189(2010).
RN   [8]
RP   FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, AND MUTAGENESIS OF
RP   GLU-257.
RX   PubMed=28633017; DOI=10.1016/j.devcel.2017.05.021;
RA   Wenda J.M., Homolka D., Yang Z., Spinelli P., Sachidanandam R.,
RA   Pandey R.R., Pillai R.S.;
RT   "Distinct roles of RNA helicases MVH and TDRD9 in PIWI slicing-triggered
RT   mammalian piRNA biogenesis and function.";
RL   Dev. Cell 41:623-637(2017).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: ATP-binding RNA helicase which plays a central role during
CC       spermatogenesis by repressing transposable elements and preventing
CC       their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity
CC       (PubMed:20059948, PubMed:28633017). Acts via the piRNA metabolic
CC       process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during
CC       meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and
CC       governs the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons
CC       (PubMed:20059948, PubMed:28633017). Acts downstream of piRNA
CC       biogenesis: exclusively required for transposon silencing in the
CC       nucleus, suggesting that it acts as a nuclear effector in the nucleus
CC       together with PIWIL4 (PubMed:28633017). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20059948,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:28633017}.
CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC       Reaction=ATP + H2O = ADP + H(+) + phosphate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:13065,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:43474, ChEBI:CHEBI:456216; EC=3.6.4.13;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:28633017};
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Interacts with piRNA-associated proteins PIWIL1 and PIWIL4.
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19584108, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20059948}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20011505,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:20059948, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28633017}. Nucleus
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20059948, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28633017}.
CC       Note=Component of the nuage, also named P granule, a germ-cell-specific
CC       organelle required to repress transposon activity during meiosis.
CC       Specifically localizes to piP-bodies, a subset of the nuage which
CC       contains secondary piRNAs. PIWIL2 is required for its localization to
CC       piP-bodies. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20059948}.
CC   -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS:
CC       Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=3;
CC       Name=1;
CC         IsoId=Q14BI7-1; Sequence=Displayed;
CC       Name=2;
CC         IsoId=Q14BI7-2; Sequence=VSP_033554;
CC       Name=3;
CC         IsoId=Q14BI7-3; Sequence=VSP_033553, VSP_033555;
CC   -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Predominantly expressed in reproductive organs.
CC       Detected in mitotic spermatogonia, meiotic spermatocytes (predominantly
CC       at the pachytene stage), haploid spermatids in the testis, and in
CC       growing oocytes in the ovary (at protein level).
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20059948}.
CC   -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Mice are viable but show male sterility with
CC       chromosome synapsis failure. In fetal testes, LINE-1 (L1) transposable
CC       elements derepression and an aberrant piRNA profile in
CC       prospermatogonia, followed by cognate DNA demethylation are observed.
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20059948}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DEAH subfamily.
CC       {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; AB362563; BAG15992.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AC112520; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; AC132623; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; BC115831; AAI15832.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; BC116656; AAI16657.1; -; mRNA.
DR   CCDS; CCDS49184.1; -. [Q14BI7-1]
DR   RefSeq; NP_083332.1; NM_029056.1. [Q14BI7-1]
DR   RefSeq; XP_006516384.1; XM_006516321.3. [Q14BI7-2]
DR   AlphaFoldDB; Q14BI7; -.
DR   SMR; Q14BI7; -.
DR   BioGRID; 216946; 1.
DR   IntAct; Q14BI7; 1.
DR   STRING; 10090.ENSMUSP00000078022; -.
DR   GlyGen; Q14BI7; 1 site, 1 O-linked glycan (1 site).
DR   iPTMnet; Q14BI7; -.
DR   PhosphoSitePlus; Q14BI7; -.
DR   SwissPalm; Q14BI7; -.
DR   PaxDb; 10090-ENSMUSP00000078022; -.
DR   ProteomicsDB; 254688; -. [Q14BI7-1]
DR   ProteomicsDB; 254689; -. [Q14BI7-2]
DR   ProteomicsDB; 254690; -. [Q14BI7-3]
DR   Antibodypedia; 47449; 91 antibodies from 16 providers.
DR   Ensembl; ENSMUST00000079009.11; ENSMUSP00000078022.6; ENSMUSG00000054003.14. [Q14BI7-1]
DR   GeneID; 74691; -.
DR   KEGG; mmu:74691; -.
DR   UCSC; uc007pei.1; mouse. [Q14BI7-1]
DR   UCSC; uc007pej.1; mouse. [Q14BI7-3]
DR   AGR; MGI:1921941; -.
DR   CTD; 122402; -.
DR   MGI; MGI:1921941; Tdrd9.
DR   VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSMUSG00000054003; -.
DR   eggNOG; KOG0920; Eukaryota.
DR   GeneTree; ENSGT00940000157035; -.
DR   HOGENOM; CLU_002601_1_0_1; -.
DR   InParanoid; Q14BI7; -.
DR   OMA; FWMHYIF; -.
DR   OrthoDB; 21853at2759; -.
DR   PhylomeDB; Q14BI7; -.
DR   TreeFam; TF324869; -.
DR   BioGRID-ORCS; 74691; 1 hit in 80 CRISPR screens.
DR   ChiTaRS; Tdrd9; mouse.
DR   PRO; PR:Q14BI7; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000000589; Chromosome 12.
DR   RNAct; Q14BI7; Protein.
DR   Bgee; ENSMUSG00000054003; Expressed in spermatocyte and 45 other cell types or tissues.
DR   ExpressionAtlas; Q14BI7; baseline and differential.
DR   GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; ISO:MGI.
DR   GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; TAS:Reactome.
DR   GO; GO:0005654; C:nucleoplasm; TAS:Reactome.
DR   GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0071547; C:piP-body; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0005524; F:ATP binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0016887; F:ATP hydrolysis activity; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0004386; F:helicase activity; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0003723; F:RNA binding; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0003724; F:RNA helicase activity; IEA:UniProtKB-EC.
DR   GO; GO:0030154; P:cell differentiation; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0009566; P:fertilization; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0007141; P:male meiosis I; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0007140; P:male meiotic nuclear division; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0034587; P:piRNA processing; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0141006; P:piRNA-mediated retrotransposon silencing by heterochromatin formation; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0010526; P:retrotransposon silencing; IMP:MGI.
DR   GO; GO:0141007; P:siRNA-mediated retrotransposon silencing by heterochromatin formation; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0007283; P:spermatogenesis; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR   CDD; cd18791; SF2_C_RHA; 1.
DR   CDD; cd20431; Tudor_TDRD9; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 1.20.120.1080; -; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 2.30.30.140; -; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 2.40.50.90; -; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 3.40.50.300; P-loop containing nucleotide triphosphate hydrolases; 2.
DR   InterPro; IPR011545; DEAD/DEAH_box_helicase_dom.
DR   InterPro; IPR007502; Helicase-assoc_dom.
DR   InterPro; IPR014001; Helicase_ATP-bd.
DR   InterPro; IPR001650; Helicase_C.
DR   InterPro; IPR027417; P-loop_NTPase.
DR   InterPro; IPR035437; SNase_OB-fold_sf.
DR   InterPro; IPR002999; Tudor.
DR   InterPro; IPR047384; Tudor_TDRD9.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR18934; ATP-DEPENDENT RNA HELICASE; 1.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR18934:SF113; ATP-DEPENDENT RNA HELICASE TDRD9; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF00270; DEAD; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF21010; HA2_C; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF00271; Helicase_C; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF00567; TUDOR; 1.
DR   SMART; SM00487; DEXDc; 1.
DR   SMART; SM00847; HA2; 1.
DR   SMART; SM00490; HELICc; 1.
DR   SMART; SM00333; TUDOR; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF52540; P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF63748; Tudor/PWWP/MBT; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS51192; HELICASE_ATP_BIND_1; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS51194; HELICASE_CTER; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS50304; TUDOR; 1.
DR   Genevisible; Q14BI7; MM.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Alternative splicing; ATP-binding; Cytoplasm; Developmental protein;
KW   Differentiation; Helicase; Hydrolase; Meiosis; Nucleotide-binding; Nucleus;
KW   Reference proteome; RNA-mediated gene silencing; Spermatogenesis.
FT   CHAIN           1..1383
FT                   /note="ATP-dependent RNA helicase TDRD9"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000333814"
FT   DOMAIN          144..310
FT                   /note="Helicase ATP-binding"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00541"
FT   DOMAIN          378..545
FT                   /note="Helicase C-terminal"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00542"
FT   DOMAIN          945..1005
FT                   /note="Tudor"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00211"
FT   REGION          35..82
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   MOTIF           256..259
FT                   /note="DEAH box"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:28633017"
FT   COMPBIAS        68..82
FT                   /note="Polar residues"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   BINDING         157..164
FT                   /ligand="ATP"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:30616"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00541"
FT   VAR_SEQ         1..772
FT                   /note="Missing (in isoform 3)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:15489334"
FT                   /id="VSP_033553"
FT   VAR_SEQ         1..401
FT                   /note="Missing (in isoform 2)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:15489334"
FT                   /id="VSP_033554"
FT   VAR_SEQ         773..813
FT                   /note="PKTTVVLKHIPPYGFLYYKQLQSLFRQCGQVKSIVFDGAKA -> MDIGTKC
FT                   TSQVAAGVTAWHLWRRSGPGRLADSEESCGVPRA (in isoform 3)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:15489334"
FT                   /id="VSP_033555"
FT   MUTAGEN         257
FT                   /note="E->Q: In Tdrd9(KI); heterozygous and homozygous
FT                   knockin male mice are infertile due to derepression of
FT                   transposable elements. PiRNA biogenesis in not affected but
FT                   piRNAs fail to accumulate in the nucleus."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:28633017"
SQ   SEQUENCE   1383 AA;  155980 MW;  55946F4F639B5777 CRC64;
     MLRKLTVDQI NDWFTIGKTV TNVELLGLPP AFPAEAPREE VQRSEEVPNE DPTAQAQVPV
     KATAPARPAS TSGRSLSQRS SEMEYINKYR QLEEQELDIY GQDQPPSGPG LRSPLAKLSN
     VACIPETTYK YPDLPINRCK EEVISLIESN SVVIIHGATG SGKSTQLPQY VLDHYTQRSA
     FCNIVVTQPR KIGASSIARW ISKERSWTLG GLVGYQVGLE KIATEDTRLI YMTTGVLLQK
     IVSAKSLMEF THIFIDEVHE RTEEMDFLLL VVRKLLRTNS RFVKVVLMSA TINCKQFADY
     FAVPVQNKMN PAYVFEVEGK PHAIEEYYLN DLGHIYHSGL PYRLEEPVIT KDVYEVAVSL
     IQMFDDLDMK ESGNKTWSGA QFVSERSSVL VFLPGLGEIN YMHELLTNMI HKRLQVYPLH
     SSVTLEEQNN VFLSPVPGYR KIILSTNIAE SSVTVPDVKY VIDFCLTRTL VCDEDTNYQS
     LRLSWASKTS CDQRKGRAGR VSKGYCYRLI PRDFWDSAIP DHVVPEMLRC PLGSTILKVK
     LLDMGEPRAL LATALSPPSL SDIERTILLL KEVGALAVSG QREDENPHDG ELTFLGRVLA
     QLPVSQQLGK LVVLGHVFGC LDECLIIAAA LSLKNFFTMP FRQHLDGYRN KVHFSGSSRS
     DCLALVEAFR AWQACRQRGE LRRPKDELDW GRLNYIQIKR IREVAELYEE LKNRISQFNM
     FVGPHHPVLD QEYPYKQRFI LQVVLAGAFY PNYFTFGQPD EEMAVRELAG KDPKTTVVLK
     HIPPYGFLYY KQLQSLFRQC GQVKSIVFDG AKAFVEFSRN PTERFKTLPA VNLAVKMSQL
     KVSLELSVHA AEEIEGKVQG GSVSKLRNTR VNVDFQKQTV DPMQVSFNTL DRPRTVADLL
     LTIDVTEVVE VGHFWGYRID ERNAELLKQL TAEINRLELV PLPIHPHPDL VCLAPFTDYN
     KESYFRAQIL YVSGNSAEVF FVDYGNRSHV DLDLLREIPC QFLELPFQAL EFKICKMRPS
     AKSLICGEHW SGGAHGRFAA LVGGCPLLVK VFSIVHSVLH VDVYRYSGAQ DAVNVRDVLI
     REGYAELAEE SYESKQSYEV LKGFFAKSVD TMPDGSVSSP LKDDEKHLLR ILLESFASNR
     LGAPNCKAVL HGPFNPYELK CHSLTRISKF RCVWIEKESI NSVVISDSPA DLHQRMLVAA
     SLSVNETGST MLLRETSLMP HIPGLPALLS MLFAPVMELR VDREGKCYTG VLCGLGWNSA
     TEAPILPEHD IELAFDVRLN VEDIVEINIL RAAINKLVCD GPNGSKYLGP ERIAQLQENA
     RQKLLGLFCR LKPREKITPQ WHEKPYEWNQ VDPRLIMEQA EPEGSPGKST SLYQLHTPVV
     LSP
//