Reviewed,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q14683 (SMC1A_HUMAN)
Last modified
July 7, 2009.
Version 100.
History...
Clusters with 100%,
90%,
50% identity |
Documents (5) |
Third-party data |
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Names and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1A Alternative name(s): SMC1alpha protein Sb1.8 | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Complete proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 1233 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is not processed. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level. |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Involved in chromosome cohesion during cell cycle and in DNA repair. Central component of cohesin complex. The cohesin complex is required for the cohesion of sister chromatids after DNA replication. The cohesin complex apparently forms a large proteinaceous ring within which sister chromatids can be trapped. At anaphase, the complex is cleaved and dissociates from chromatin, allowing sister chromatids to segregate. The cohesin complex may also play a role in spindle pole assembly during mitosis. Involved in DNA repair via its interaction with BRCA1 and its related phosphorylation by ATM, or via its phosphorylation by ATR. Works as a downstream effector both in the ATM/NBS1 branch and in the ATR/MSH2 branch of S-phase checkpoint. Ref.6 |
| Subunit structure | Interacts with POLE. Interacts with SYCP2. Interacts with BRCA1. Found in a complex with CDCA5, SMC3 and RAD21, PDS5A/APRIN and PDS5B/SCC-112 By similarity. Forms a heterodimer with SMC3 in cohesin complexes. Cohesin complexes are composed of the SMC1 (SMC1A or SMC1B) and SMC3 heterodimer attached via their hinge domain, RAD21 which link them, and one STAG protein (STAG1, STAG2 or STAG3), which interacts with RAD21. In germ cell cohesin complexes, SMC1A is mutually exclusive with SMC1B. Interacts with BRCA1. Interacts with NDC80. |
| Subcellular location | Nucleus. Kinetochore. Note: Associates with chromatin. Before prophase it is scattered along chromosome arms. During prophase, most of cohesin complexes dissociate from chromatin probably because of phosphorylation by PLK, except at centromeres, where cohesin complexes remain. At anaphase, the RAD21 subunit of the cohesin complex is cleaved, leading to the dissociation of the complex from chromosomes, allowing chromosome separation. In germ cells, cohesin complex dissociates from chromatin at prophase I, and may be replaced by a meiosis-specific cohesin complex. The phosphorylated form on Ser-957 and Ser-966 associates with chromatin during G1/S/G2 phases but not during M phase, suggesting that phosphorylation does not regulate cohesin function. Integral component of the functional centromere-kinetochore complex at the kinetochore region during mitosis. Ref.10 |
| Domain | The flexible hinge domain, which separates the large intramolecular coiled coil regions, allows the heterotypic interaction with the corresponding domain of SMC3, forming a V-shaped heterodimer. The two heads of the heterodimer are then connected by different ends of the cleavable RAD21 protein, forming a ring structure By similarity. |
| Post-translational modification | Phosphorylated by ATM upon ionizing radiation in a NBS1-dependent manner. Phosphorylated by ATR upon DNA methylation in a MSH2/MSH6-dependent manner. Phosphorylation of Ser-957 and Ser-966 activates it and is required for S-phase checkpoint activation. Ref.6 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.15 Ref.16 |
| Involvement in disease | Defects in SMC1A are the cause of Cornelia de Lange syndrome type 2 (CDLS2) [MIM:300590]; also known as Cornelia de Lange syndrome X-linked. CDLS is a clinically heterogeneous developmental disorder associated with malformations affecting multiple systems. CDLS is characterized by facial dysmorphisms, abnormal hands and feet, growth delay, cognitive retardation and various other malformations including gastroesophageal dysfunction and cardiac, ophthalmologic and genitourinary anomalies. Ref.18 |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the SMC family. SMC1 subfamily. |
Ontologies
Binary interactions
With | Entry | #Exp. | IntAct | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATM | Q13315 | 1 | EBI-80690,EBI-495465 | |
| BRCA1 | P38398 | 1 | EBI-80690,EBI-349905 | |
| CASP4 | P49662 | 1 | EBI-80690,EBI-1057327 | |
| CDK4 | P11802 | 1 | EBI-80690,EBI-295644 | |
| MCM6 | Q14566 | 1 | EBI-80690,EBI-374900 | |
| MCM7 | P33993 | 6 | EBI-80690,EBI-355924 | |
| POLA1 | P09884 | 1 | EBI-80690,EBI-850026 | |
| RFC1 | P35251 | 1 | EBI-80690,EBI-476616 | |
| STYXL1 | Q9Y6J8 | 1 | EBI-80690,EBI-1044511 |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 1233 | 1233 | Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1A | PRO_0000118989 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 32 – 39 | 8 | ATP Potential | ||||||
| Region | 504 – 659 | 156 | Flexible hinge | ||||||
| Coiled coil | 104 – 124 | 21 | Potential | ||||||
| Coiled coil | 163 – 503 | 341 | Potential | ||||||
| Coiled coil | 660 – 935 | 276 | Potential | ||||||
| Coiled coil | 991 – 1068 | 78 | Potential | ||||||
| Compositional bias | 1128 – 1163 | 36 | Ala/Asp-rich (DA-box) | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 358 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.15 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 360 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.12 Ref.15 Ref.16 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 951 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.15 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 957 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by ATM Ref.6 Ref.12 Ref.15 Ref.16 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 962 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.12 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 966 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by ATM and ATR Ref.6 Ref.11 Ref.15 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 970 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.16 | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Natural variant | 28 | 1 | T → P: dbSNP rs34530151. | VAR_052438 | |||||
| Natural variant | 493 | 1 | E → A in CDLS2. Ref.18 | VAR_026529 | |||||
| Natural variant | 832 | 1 | Missing in CDLS2. Ref.18 | VAR_026530 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 957 | 1 | S → A: Reduces phosphorylation and the S-phase checkpoint activation. Abolishes S-phase activation; when associated with A-966. Ref.6 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 966 | 1 | S → A: Reduces phosphorylation and the S-phase checkpoint activation. Increases sensitivity to DNA methylation. Abolishes S-phase activation; when associated with A-957. Ref.6 Ref.11 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 163 – 164 | 2 | EL → DV in AAB34405. Ref.1 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "The human SB1.8 gene (DXS423E) encodes a putative chromosome segregation protein conserved in lower eukaryotes and prokaryotes." Rocques P.J., Clark J., Ball S., Crew J., Gill S., Christodoulou Z., Borts R.H., Louis E.J., Davies K.E., Cooper C.S. Hum. Mol. Genet. 4:243-249(1995) [PubMed: 7757074] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Fibroblast. |
| [2] | "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. V. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0161-KIAA0200) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1." Nagase T., Seki N., Ishikawa K., Tanaka A., Nomura N. DNA Res. 3:17-24(1996) [PubMed: 8724849] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Bone marrow. |
| [3] | "Construction of expression-ready cDNA clones for KIAA genes: manual curation of 330 KIAA cDNA clones." Nakajima D., Okazaki N., Yamakawa H., Kikuno R., Ohara O., Nagase T. DNA Res. 9:99-106(2002) [PubMed: 12168954] [Abstract] Cited for: SEQUENCE REVISION. |
| [4] | "The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome." Ross M.T., Grafham D.V., Coffey A.J., Scherer S., McLay K., Muzny D., Platzer M., Howell G.R., Burrows C., Bird C.P., Frankish A., Lovell F.L., Howe K.L., Ashurst J.L., Fulton R.S., Sudbrak R., Wen G., Jones M.C. Bentley D.R.Nature 434:325-337(2005) [PubMed: 15772651] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [5] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Brain. |
| [6] | "SMC1 is a downstream effector in the ATM/NBS1 branch of the human S-phase checkpoint." Yazdi P.T., Wang Y., Zhao S., Patel N., Lee E.Y.-H.P., Qin J. Genes Dev. 16:571-582(2002) [PubMed: 11877377] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 945-984, FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH BRCA1, PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-957 AND SER-966, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-957 AND SER-966. |
| [7] | "HEC binds to the seventh regulatory subunit of the 26 S proteasome and modulates the proteolysis of mitotic cyclins." Chen Y., Sharp Z.D., Lee W.-H. J. Biol. Chem. 272:24081-24087(1997) [PubMed: 9295362] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH NDC80. |
| [8] | "Hec1p, an evolutionarily conserved coiled-coil protein, modulates chromosome segregation through interaction with SMC proteins." Zheng L., Chen Y., Lee W.-H. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:5417-5428(1999) [PubMed: 10409732] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH NDC80. |
| [9] | "Characterization of vertebrate cohesin complexes and their regulation in prophase." Sumara I., Vorlaufer E., Gieffers C., Peters B.H., Peters J.-M. J. Cell Biol. 151:749-762(2000) [PubMed: 11076961] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION IN A COHESIN COMPLEX WITH SMC3; STAG1 OR STAG2. |
| [10] | "Localization of human SMC1 protein at kinetochores." Gregson H.C., Van Hooser A.A., Ball A.R. Jr., Brinkley B.R., Yokomori K. Chromosome Res. 10:267-277(2002) [PubMed: 12199140] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION DURING CELL CYCLE. |
| [11] | "MSH2 and ATR form a signaling module and regulate two branches of the damage response to DNA methylation." Wang Y., Qin J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100:15387-15392(2003) [PubMed: 14657349] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-966, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-966. |
| [12] | "Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins." Beausoleil S.A., Jedrychowski M., Schwartz D., Elias J.E., Villen J., Li J., Cohn M.A., Cantley L.C., Gygi S.P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101:12130-12135(2004) [PubMed: 15302935] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-360; SER-957 AND SER-962, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Epithelium. |
| [13] | "Sororin, a substrate of the anaphase-promoting complex, is required for sister chromatid cohesion in vertebrates." Rankin S., Ayad N.G., Kirschner M.W. Mol. Cell 18:185-200(2005) [PubMed: 15837422] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION IN A COMPLEX WITH CDCA5; SMC3; RAD21; PDS5A AND PDS5B. |
| [14] | Erratum Rankin S., Ayad N.G., Kirschner M.W. Mol. Cell 18:609-609(2005) |
| [15] | "ATM and ATR substrate analysis reveals extensive protein networks responsive to DNA damage." Matsuoka S., Ballif B.A., Smogorzewska A., McDonald E.R. III, Hurov K.E., Luo J., Bakalarski C.E., Zhao Z., Solimini N., Lerenthal Y., Shiloh Y., Gygi S.P., Elledge S.J. Science 316:1160-1166(2007) [PubMed: 17525332] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-358; SER-360; SER-951; SER-957 AND SER-966, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [16] | "A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation." Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed: 18669648] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-360; SER-957 AND SER-970, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [17] | Colinge J., Superti-Furga G., Bennett K.L. Submitted (OCT-2008) to UniProtKB Cited for: IDENTIFICATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS], MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [18] | "X-linked Cornelia de Lange syndrome owing to SMC1L1 mutations." Musio A., Selicorni A., Focarelli M.L., Gervasini C., Milani D., Russo S., Vezzoni P., Larizza L. Nat. Genet. 38:528-530(2006) [PubMed: 16604071] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS CDLS2 ALA-493 AND GLN-832 DEL. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| S78271 mRNA. Translation: AAB34405.1. D80000 mRNA. Translation: BAA11495.2. AL161779, Z97054 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI42089.1. Z97054, AL161779 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI42646.1. BC112127 mRNA. Translation: AAI12128.1. | |
| IPI | IPI00291939. |
| PIR | I54383. |
| RefSeq | NP_006297.2. |
| UniGene | Hs.211602 |
3D structure databases | |
| HSSP | HSSP built from PDB template 1GMJ based on UniProtKB P01096. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| IntAct | Q14683. 22 interactions. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | Q14683. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PeptideAtlas | Q14683. |
| PRIDE | Q14683. |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENSG00000072501. Homo sapiens. [Contig view] |
| GeneID | 8243. |
| KEGG | hsa:8243. |
| NMPDR | fig|9606.3.peg.32835. |
| UCSC | uc004dsg.1. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| GeneCards | GC0XM053417. |
| H-InvDB | HIX0056242. |
| HGNC | HGNC:11111. SMC1A. |
| HPA | HPA005499. |
| MIM | 300040. gene. 300590. phenotype. |
| Orphanet | 199. Cornelia de Lange syndrome. |
| HUGE | Search... |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| HOGENOM | Q14683. |
| HOVERGEN | Q14683. |
| OMA | Q14683. QPSPFFV. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| Reactome | REACT_125. Processing of Capped Intron-Containing Pre-mRNA. REACT_152. Cell Cycle, Mitotic. REACT_6167. Influenza Infection. REACT_71. Gene Expression. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | Q14683. |
| Bgee | Q14683. |
| CleanEx | HS_SMC1A. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000072501. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR003395. RecF/RecN/SMC_N. IPR010935. SMC_hinge. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF06470. SMC_hinge. 1 hit. PF02463. SMC_N. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProDom | PD000006. ABC_transporter. 1 hit. [Graphical view] [Entries sharing at least one domain] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other Resources | |
| NextBio | 31006. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | SMC1A_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q14683 Secondary accession number(s): O14995, Q16351, Q2M228 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation project | HPI (Human Proteome Initiative) | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome X Human chromosome X: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with


