Q14680 (MELK_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 122.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase Short name=hMELK EC=2.7.11.1 Alternative name(s): Protein kinase Eg3 Short name=pEg3 kinase Protein kinase PK38 Short name=hPK38 Tyrosine-protein kinase MELK EC=2.7.10.2 | ||||
| Gene names |
| ||||
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 651 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various processes such as cell cycle regulation, self-renewal of stem cells, apoptosis and splicing regulation. Has a broad substrate specificity; phosphorylates BCL2L14, CDC25B, MAP3K5/ASK1 and ZNF622. Acts as an activator of apoptosis by phosphorylating and activating MAP3K5/ASK1. Acts as a regulator of cell cycle, notably by mediating phosphorylation of CDC25B, promoting localization of CDC25B to the centrosome and the spindle poles during mitosis. Plays a key role in cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. Required for proliferation of embryonic and postnatal multipotent neural progenitors. Phosphorylates and inhibits BCL2L14, possibly leading to affect mammary carcinogenesis by mediating inhibition of the pro-apoptotic function of BCL2L14. Also involved in the inhibition of spliceosome assembly during mitosis by phosphorylating ZNF622, thereby contributing to its redirection to the nucleus. May also play a role in primitive hematopoiesis. Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.12 Ref.15 Ref.17 |
| Catalytic activity | ATP + a [protein]-L-tyrosine = ADP + a [protein]-L-tyrosine phosphate. Ref.15 ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. Ref.15 |
| Enzyme regulation | Activated by autophosphorylation of the T-loop at Thr-167 and Ser-171: in contrast to other members of the SNF1 subfamily, phosphorylation at Thr-167 is not mediated by STK11/LKB1 but via autophosphorylation instead. Inhibited by calcium-binding. Kinase activity is also regulated by reducing agents: dithiothreitol (DTT) or reduced glutathione are required for kinase activity in vitro; such dependence is however not due to the presence of disulfide bonds. Ref.15 |
| Subunit structure | |
| Subcellular location | |
| Tissue specificity | Expressed in placenta, kidney, thymus, testis, ovary and intestine. Ref.2 |
| Developmental stage | Increases during G2/M phase compared to interphase. Protein level decreases when cells exit mitosis, probably due to degradation. Ref.27 |
| Induction | Up-regulated in many cancers cells. Up-regulated upon treatment with radiation or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in colorectal cancer cells, suggesting that it might be associated with increased resistance of colorectal cells against radiation and 5-FU. Down-regulated upon siomycin A, a thiazole antibiotic, treatment, leading to inhibit tumor growth in vivo. Ref.15 Ref.28 Ref.29 |
| Domain | The KA1 domain mediates binding to phospholipids and targeting to membranes By similarity. |
| Post-translational modification | Autophosphorylated: autophosphorylation of the T-loop at Thr-167 and Ser-171 is required for activation. Thr-478 phosphorylation during mitosis promotes interaction with PPP1R8 Probable. Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.27 |
| Involvement in disease | Defects in MELK are associated with some cancers, such as brain or breast cancers. Expression is dramatically increased in aggressive undifferentiated tumors, correlating with poor patient outcome in breast and brain cancers, suggesting a role in tumor-initiating cells and proliferation via its function in cell proliferation regulation. |
| Miscellaneous | Potential therapeutic target for treatment of somatic tumors, such as brain and breast cancers, down-regulation of MELK inhibiting tumorigenesis (Ref.18, Ref.25). |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. SNF1 subfamily. Contains 1 KA1 (kinase-associated) domain. Contains 1 protein kinase domain. |
| Sequence caution | The sequence BAA11492.2 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Translation N-terminally shortened. |
Ontologies
Binary interactions
With | Entry | #Exp. | IntAct | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BCL2L14 | Q9BZR8 | 4 | EBI-1046702,EBI-1385773 |
Alternative products
| This entry describes 6 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform 1 (identifier: Q14680-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform 2 (identifier: Q14680-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 88-158: Missing. | ||||||
| Note: No experimental confirmation available. | ||||||
| Isoform 3 (identifier: Q14680-3) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-194: Missing. | ||||||
| Isoform 4 (identifier: Q14680-4) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-135: MKDYDELLKY...QGYAHRDLKP → MVLE | ||||||
| Isoform 5 (identifier: Q14680-5) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-87: MKDYDELLKY...TANKIFMVLE → MMNFSNIMNYMKLLGQ | ||||||
| Isoform 6 (identifier: Q14680-6) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-48: MKDYDELLKYYELHETIGTGGFAKVKLACHILTGEMVAIKIMDKNTLG → MMNFSNIMNYMKLLGQ |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 651 | 651 | Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase | PRO_0000086323 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Regions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domain | 11 – 263 | 253 | Protein kinase | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domain | 602 – 651 | 50 | KA1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 17 – 25 | 9 | ATP By similarity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Region | 282 – 321 | 40 | UBA-like | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Region | 326 – 651 | 326 | Autoinhibitory region | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sites | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Active site | 132 | 1 | Proton acceptor By similarity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Binding site | 40 | 1 | ATP By similarity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 56 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by autocatalysis Ref.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 163 | 1 | Phosphotyrosine; by autocatalysis Ref.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 167 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by autocatalysis Ref.10 Ref.14 Ref.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 171 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by autocatalysis Ref.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 253 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by autocatalysis Ref.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 336 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by autocatalysis Ref.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 343 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by autocatalysis Ref.14 Ref.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 356 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by autocatalysis Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.20 Ref.23 Ref.24 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 367 | 1 | Phosphotyrosine Ref.14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 391 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by autocatalysis Ref.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 398 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by autocatalysis Ref.14 Ref.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 407 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by autocatalysis Ref.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 409 | 1 | Phosphothreonine Ref.14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 431 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by autocatalysis Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 478 | 1 | Phosphothreonine Ref.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 494 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by autocatalysis Ref.14 Ref.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 498 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.20 Ref.23 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 505 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by autocatalysis Ref.13 Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.20 Ref.21 Ref.23 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 518 | 1 | Phosphothreonine Ref.20 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 529 | 1 | Phosphoserine; alternate Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.20 Ref.23 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 529 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by autocatalysis; alternate Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.20 Ref.23 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 539 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by autocatalysis Ref.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 194 | 194 | Missing in isoform 3. | VSP_045208 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 135 | 135 | MKDYD…RDLKP → MVLE in isoform 4. | VSP_045209 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 87 | 87 | MKDYD…FMVLE → MMNFSNIMNYMKLLGQ in isoform 5. | VSP_045430 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 48 | 48 | MKDYD…KNTLG → MMNFSNIMNYMKLLGQ in isoform 6. | VSP_045431 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 88 – 158 | 71 | Missing in isoform 2. | VSP_044715 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 56 | 1 | T → M. Ref.30 Corresponds to variant rs35233455 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_040794 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 219 | 1 | K → R. Ref.30 Corresponds to variant rs35142210 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_040795 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 333 | 1 | R → K. Ref.30 Corresponds to variant rs34655121 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_040796 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 348 | 1 | T → I. Ref.30 Corresponds to variant rs55845414 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_040797 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 460 | 1 | T → M in an ovarian mucinous carcinoma sample; somatic mutation. Ref.30 | VAR_040798 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Experimental info | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 29 | 1 | C → V: Abolishes dependence to reducing agents; when associated with V-70; A-89; A-154; A-168; A-169; A-204; A-286 and A-339. Ref.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 70 | 1 | C → V: Abolishes dependence to reducing agents; when associated with V-29; A-89; A-154; A-168; A-169; A-204; A-286 and A-339. Ref.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 89 | 1 | C → A: Abolishes dependence to reducing agents; when associated with V-29; V-70; A-154; A-168; A-169; A-204; A-286 and A-339. Ref.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 150 | 1 | D → A: Abolishes enzymatic activity. Ref.9 Ref.15 Ref.17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 154 | 1 | C → A: Abolishes dependence to reducing agents; when associated with V-29; V-70; A-89; A-168; A-169; A-204; A-286 and A-339. Ref.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 163 | 1 | Y → F: Abolishes autophosphorylation on tyrosine but still active on exogenous substrates. Ref.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 167 | 1 | T → A: Abolishes activation of serine/threonine-protein kinase activity and has only weak activity. Ref.10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 167 | 1 | T → D or E: Phosphomimetic mutant that has similar kinase activity as wild-type. Ref.10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 168 | 1 | C → A: Abolishes dependence to reducing agents; when associated with V-29; V-70; A-89; A-154; A-169; A-204; A-286 and A-339. Ref.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 169 | 1 | C → A: Abolishes dependence to reducing agents; when associated with V-29; V-70; A-89; A-154; A-168; A-204; A-286 and A-339. Ref.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 171 | 1 | S → A: Abolishes activation of serine/threonine-protein kinase activity and has only weak activity. Ref.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 171 | 1 | S → D: Inactive. Ref.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 204 | 1 | C → A: Abolishes dependence to reducing agents; when associated with V-29; V-70; A-89; A-154; A-168; A-169; A-286 and A-339. Ref.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 283 – 285 | 3 | DDD → KKK: Inactive. Ref.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 286 | 1 | C → A: Abolishes dependence to reducing agents; when associated with V-29; V-70; A-89; A-154; A-168; A-169; A-204; and A-339. Ref.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 339 | 1 | C → A: Abolishes dependence to reducing agents; when associated with V-29; V-70; A-89; A-154; A-168; A-169; A-204 and A-286. Ref.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 345 | 1 | T → A: No effect on interaction with PPP1R8. Ref.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 387 | 1 | T → A: No effect on interaction with PPP1R8. Ref.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 409 | 1 | T → A: No effect on interaction with PPP1R8. Ref.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 415 | 1 | T → A: No effect on interaction with PPP1R8. Ref.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 428 | 1 | T → A: No effect on interaction with PPP1R8. Ref.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 446 | 1 | T → A: Inhibits interaction with PPP1R8. Ref.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 460 | 1 | T → A: Inhibits interaction with PPP1R8. Ref.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 466 | 1 | T → A: Inhibits interaction with PPP1R8. Ref.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 478 | 1 | T → A: Strongly inhibits interaction with PPP1R8. Enhances enzymatic activity. Ref.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 518 | 1 | T → A: No effect on interaction with PPP1R8. Ref.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 428 | 1 | T → A in BAH11482. Ref.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 483 | 1 | P → L in BAH13354. Ref.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary structure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Helix Strand Turn | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turn | 5 – 10 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 11 – 19 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 24 – 30 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turn | 31 – 33 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 36 – 45 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 53 – 62 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 72 – 77 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 79 – 87 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 94 – 101 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 106 – 125 | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 135 – 137 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 138 – 140 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 146 – 148 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 172 – 174 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 177 – 180 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 189 – 204 | 16 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 214 – 223 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 234 – 243 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 248 – 250 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 254 – 258 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 261 – 264 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turn | 265 – 267 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 284 – 293 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 298 – 305 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 312 – 325 | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Identification of MELK whose expression was highly up-regulated in breast cancers." Katagiri T., Lin M. Submitted (JUL-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 5 AND 6). |
| [2] | "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. V. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0161-KIAA0200) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1." Nagase T., Seki N., Ishikawa K., Tanaka A., Nomura N. DNA Res. 3:17-24(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), TISSUE SPECIFICITY. Tissue: Bone marrow. |
| [3] | "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. Sugano S.Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 2; 3; 4 AND 5). Tissue: Spleen and Testis. |
| [4] | "DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9." Humphray S.J., Oliver K., Hunt A.R., Plumb R.W., Loveland J.E., Howe K.L., Andrews T.D., Searle S., Hunt S.E., Scott C.E., Jones M.C., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ambrose K.D., Ashwell R.I.S., Babbage A.K., Babbage S., Bagguley C.L. Dunham I.Nature 429:369-374(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [5] | Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. Venter J.C.Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [6] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Colon. |
| [7] | "Phosphorylation of a novel zinc-finger-like protein, ZPR9, by murine protein serine/threonine kinase 38 (MPK38)." Seong H.-A., Gil M., Kim K.-T., Kim S.-J., Ha H. Biochem. J. 361:597-604(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH ZNF622, FUNCTION IN PHOSPHORYLATION OF ZNF622. Tissue: Keratinocyte. |
| [8] | "Human pEg3 kinase associates with and phosphorylates CDC25B phosphatase: a potential role for pEg3 in cell cycle regulation." Davezac N., Baldin V., Blot J., Ducommun B., Tassan J.P. Oncogene 21:7630-7641(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN PHOSPHORYLATION OF CDC25B. |
| [9] | "Inhibition of spliceosome assembly by the cell cycle-regulated protein kinase MELK and involvement of splicing factor NIPP1." Vulsteke V., Beullens M., Boudrez A., Keppens S., Van Eynde A., Rider M.H., Stalmans W., Bollen M. J. Biol. Chem. 279:8642-8647(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH PPP1R8, AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION, MUTAGENESIS OF ASP-150; THR-345; THR-387; THR-409; THR-415; THR-428; THR-446; THR-460; THR-466; THR-478 AND THR-518, PHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-478, FUNCTION. |
| [10] | "LKB1 is a master kinase that activates 13 kinases of the AMPK subfamily, including MARK/PAR-1." Lizcano J.M., Goeransson O., Toth R., Deak M., Morrice N.A., Boudeau J., Hawley S.A., Udd L., Maekelae T.P., Hardie D.G., Alessi D.R. EMBO J. 23:833-843(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-167, AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION, MUTAGENESIS OF THR-167. |
| [11] | "Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase/murine protein serine-threonine kinase 38 is a promising therapeutic target for multiple cancers." Gray D., Jubb A.M., Hogue D., Dowd P., Kljavin N., Yi S., Bai W., Frantz G., Zhang Z., Koeppen H., de Sauvage F.J., Davis D.P. Cancer Res. 65:9751-9761(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INVOLVEMENT IN CANCER. |
| [12] | "CDC25B phosphorylated by pEg3 localizes to the centrosome and the spindle poles at mitosis." Mirey G., Chartrain I., Froment C., Quaranta M., Bouche J.P., Monsarrat B., Tassan J.P., Ducommun B. Cell Cycle 4:806-811(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN PHOSPHORYLATION OF CDC25B. |
| [13] | "Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks." Olsen J.V., Blagoev B., Gnad F., Macek B., Kumar C., Mortensen P., Mann M. Cell 127:635-648(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-505, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [14] | "M-phase MELK activity is regulated by MPF and MAPK." Badouel C., Korner R., Frank-Vaillant M., Couturier A., Nigg E.A., Tassan J.P. Cell Cycle 5:883-889(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-167; SER-343; SER-356; TYR-367; THR-398; THR-409; SER-431; THR-494; SER-505 AND SER-529. |
| [15] | "Substrate specificity and activity regulation of protein kinase MELK." Beullens M., Vancauwenbergh S., Morrice N., Derua R., Ceulemans H., Waelkens E., Bollen M. J. Biol. Chem. 280:40003-40011(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, ENZYME REGULATION, AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION, CALCIUM-BINDING, PHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-56; TYR-163; THR-167; SER-171; SER-253; SER-336; SER-343; SER-356; SER-391; THR-398; SER-407; SER-431; THR-494; SER-505; SER-529 AND THR-539, MUTAGENESIS OF CYS-29; CYS-70; CYS-89; ASP-150; CYS-154; TYR-163; CYS-168; CYS-169; SER-171; CYS-204; 283-ASP--ASP-285; CYS-286 AND CYS-339. |
| [16] | "Cell-cycle-dependent cortical localization of pEg3 protein kinase in Xenopus and human cells." Chartrain I., Couturier A., Tassan J.P. Biol. Cell 98:253-263(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. |
| [17] | "Involvement of maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) in mammary carcinogenesis through interaction with Bcl-G, a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family." Lin M.L., Park J.H., Nishidate T., Nakamura Y., Katagiri T. Breast Cancer Res. 9:R17-R17(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN PHOSPHORYLATION OF BCL2L14, MUTAGENESIS OF ASP-150. |
| [18] | "Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase transcript abundance correlates with malignancy grade in human astrocytomas." Marie S.K., Okamoto O.K., Uno M., Hasegawa A.P., Oba-Shinjo S.M., Cohen T., Camargo A.A., Kosoy A., Carlotti C.G. Jr., Toledo S., Moreira-Filho C.A., Zago M.A., Simpson A.J., Caballero O.L. Int. J. Cancer 122:807-815(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INVOLVEMENT IN CANCER. |
| [19] | "Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase is a key regulator of the proliferation of malignant brain tumors, including brain tumor stem cells." Nakano I., Masterman-Smith M., Saigusa K., Paucar A.A., Horvath S., Shoemaker L., Watanabe M., Negro A., Bajpai R., Howes A., Lelievre V., Waschek J.A., Lazareff J.A., Freije W.A., Liau L.M., Gilbertson R.J., Cloughesy T.F., Geschwind D.H. Kornblum H.I.J. Neurosci. Res. 86:48-60(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INVOLVEMENT IN CANCER. |
| [20] | "Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle." Daub H., Olsen J.V., Bairlein M., Gnad F., Oppermann F.S., Korner R., Greff Z., Keri G., Stemmann O., Mann M. Mol. Cell 31:438-448(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-356; SER-498; SER-505; THR-518 AND SER-529, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [21] | "A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation." Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-431 AND SER-505, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [22] | "Dysregulated expression of Fau and MELK is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer." Pickard M.R., Green A.R., Ellis I.O., Caldas C., Hedge V.L., Mourtada-Maarabouni M., Williams G.T. Breast Cancer Res. 11:R60-R60(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INVOLVEMENT IN CANCER. |
| [23] | "Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome." Oppermann F.S., Gnad F., Olsen J.V., Hornberger R., Greff Z., Keri G., Mann M., Daub H. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 8:1751-1764(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-356; SER-498; SER-505 AND SER-529, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [24] | "Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions." Mayya V., Lundgren D.H., Hwang S.-I., Rezaul K., Wu L., Eng J.K., Rodionov V., Han D.K. Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-356, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Leukemic T-cell. |
| [25] | "Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase is upregulated and required in mammary tumor-initiating cells in vivo." Hebbard L.W., Maurer J., Miller A., Lesperance J., Hassell J., Oshima R.G., Terskikh A.V. Cancer Res. 70:8863-8873(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INVOLVEMENT IN CANCER. |
| [26] | "Kinase associated-1 domains drive MARK/PAR1 kinases to membrane targets by binding acidic phospholipids." Moravcevic K., Mendrola J.M., Schmitz K.R., Wang Y.H., Slochower D., Janmey P.A., Lemmon M.A. Cell 143:966-977(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. |
| [27] | "Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase is stabilized in mitosis by phosphorylation and is partially degraded upon mitotic exit." Badouel C., Chartrain I., Blot J., Tassan J.P. Exp. Cell Res. 316:2166-2173(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, PHOSPHORYLATION. |
| [28] | "Resistance of colorectal cancer cells to radiation and 5-FU is associated with MELK expression." Choi S., Ku J.L. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 412:207-213(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION. |
| [29] | "Siomycin A targets brain tumor stem cells partially through a MELK-mediated pathway." Nakano I., Joshi K., Visnyei K., Hu B., Watanabe M., Lam D., Wexler E., Saigusa K., Nakamura Y., Laks D.R., Mischel P.S., Viapiano M., Kornblum H.I. Neuro-oncol. 13:622-634(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION. |
| [30] | "Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes." Greenman C., Stephens P., Smith R., Dalgliesh G.L., Hunter C., Bignell G., Davies H., Teague J., Butler A., Stevens C., Edkins S., O'Meara S., Vastrik I., Schmidt E.E., Avis T., Barthorpe S., Bhamra G., Buck G. Stratton M.R.Nature 446:153-158(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] MET-56; ARG-219; LYS-333; ILE-348 AND MET-460. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | AB183427 mRNA. Translation: BAF73615.1. AB183428 mRNA. Translation: BAF73616.1. D79997 mRNA. Translation: BAA11492.2. Different initiation. AK293284 mRNA. Translation: BAH11482.1. AK293447 mRNA. Translation: BAH11508.1. AK300821 mRNA. Translation: BAH13354.1. AK301131 mRNA. Translation: BAH13416.1. AK302374 mRNA. Translation: BAH13687.1. AL354932, AL442063 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI11034.2. AL442063, AL354932 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI16995.2. CH471071 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW58303.1. CH471071 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW58304.1. BC014039 mRNA. Translation: AAH14039.1. | ||||||||||||
| IPI | IPI00006471. IPI01018865. | ||||||||||||
| RefSeq | NP_001243614.1. NM_001256685.1. NP_001243616.1. NM_001256687.1. NP_001243617.1. NM_001256688.1. NP_001243618.1. NM_001256689.1. NP_001243619.1. NM_001256690.1. NP_001243621.1. NM_001256692.1. NP_001243622.1. NM_001256693.1. NP_055606.1. NM_014791.3. | ||||||||||||
| UniGene | Hs.184339. | ||||||||||||
3D structure databases | |||||||||||||
| PDBe RCSB PDB PDBj |
| ||||||||||||
| ProteinModelPortal | Q14680. | ||||||||||||
| ModBase | Search... | ||||||||||||
Protein-protein interaction databases | |||||||||||||
| IntAct | Q14680. 2 interactions. | ||||||||||||
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000298048. | ||||||||||||
PTM databases | |||||||||||||
| PhosphoSite | Q14680. | ||||||||||||
Polymorphism databases | |||||||||||||
| DMDM | 50400857. | ||||||||||||
Proteomic databases | |||||||||||||
| PaxDb | Q14680. | ||||||||||||
| PRIDE | Q14680. | ||||||||||||
Protocols and materials databases | |||||||||||||
| DNASU | 9833. | ||||||||||||
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... | ||||||||||||
Genome annotation databases | |||||||||||||
| Ensembl | ENST00000298048; ENSP00000298048; ENSG00000165304. ENST00000536329; ENSP00000443550; ENSG00000165304. ENST00000536987; ENSP00000439184; ENSG00000165304. ENST00000538311; ENSP00000438226; ENSG00000165304. ENST00000543751; ENSP00000441596; ENSG00000165304. ENST00000545008; ENSP00000445452; ENSG00000165304. | ||||||||||||
| GeneID | 9833. | ||||||||||||
| KEGG | hsa:9833. | ||||||||||||
| UCSC | uc003zzn.3. human. | ||||||||||||
Organism-specific databases | |||||||||||||
| CTD | 9833. | ||||||||||||
| GeneCards | GC09P036562. | ||||||||||||
| HGNC | HGNC:16870. MELK. | ||||||||||||
| HPA | HPA017214. | ||||||||||||
| MIM | 607025. gene. | ||||||||||||
| neXtProt | NX_Q14680. | ||||||||||||
| PharmGKB | PA134902874. | ||||||||||||
| HUGE | Search... | ||||||||||||
| GenAtlas | Search... | ||||||||||||
Phylogenomic databases | |||||||||||||
| eggNOG | COG0515. | ||||||||||||
| HOGENOM | HOG000233023. | ||||||||||||
| HOVERGEN | HBG106273. | ||||||||||||
| InParanoid | Q14680. | ||||||||||||
| KO | K08799. | ||||||||||||
| OMA | VCQLQKP. | ||||||||||||
| OrthoDB | EOG4BCDMQ. | ||||||||||||
| PhylomeDB | Q14680. | ||||||||||||
Gene expression databases | |||||||||||||
| ArrayExpress | Q14680. | ||||||||||||
| Bgee | Q14680. | ||||||||||||
| CleanEx | HS_MELK. | ||||||||||||
| Genevestigator | Q14680. | ||||||||||||
| GermOnline | ENSG00000165304. Homo sapiens. | ||||||||||||
Family and domain databases | |||||||||||||
| InterPro | IPR001772. KA1_dom. IPR011009. Kinase-like_dom. IPR000719. Prot_kinase_cat_dom. IPR017441. Protein_kinase_ATP_BS. IPR002290. Ser/Thr_dual-sp_kinase_dom. IPR008271. Ser/Thr_kinase_AS. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| Pfam | PF02149. KA1. 1 hit. PF00069. Pkinase. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| SMART | SM00220. S_TKc. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| SUPFAM | SSF103243. Kinase-assoc_KA1. 1 hit. SSF56112. Kinase_like. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||
| PROSITE | PS50032. KA1. 1 hit. PS00107. PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP. 1 hit. PS50011. PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM. 1 hit. PS00108. PROTEIN_KINASE_ST. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| ProtoNet | Search... | ||||||||||||
Other | |||||||||||||
| BindingDB | Q14680. | ||||||||||||
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL4578. | ||||||||||||
| GenomeRNAi | 9833. | ||||||||||||
| NextBio | 35480044. | ||||||||||||
| SOURCE | Search... | ||||||||||||
Entry information
| Entry name | MELK_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q14680 Secondary accession number(s): A6P3A7 Q7L3C3 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
| ||||||||
| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human and mouse protein kinases Human and mouse protein kinases: classification and index |
| Human chromosome 9 Human chromosome 9: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| PDB cross-references Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
