UniProtKB - Q14674 (ESPL1_HUMAN)
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Protein
Separin
Gene
ESPL1
Organism
Homo sapiens (Human)
Status
Functioni
Caspase-like protease, which plays a central role in the chromosome segregation by cleaving the SCC1/RAD21 subunit of the cohesin complex at the onset of anaphase. During most of the cell cycle, it is inactivated by different mechanisms.2 Publications
Catalytic activityi
All bonds known to be hydrolyzed by this endopeptidase have arginine in P1 and an acidic residue in P4. P6 is often occupied by an acidic residue or by a hydroxy-amino-acid residue, the phosphorylation of which enhances cleavage.
Enzyme regulationi
Regulated by at least two independent mechanisms. First, it is inactivated via its interaction with securin/PTTG1, which probably covers its active site. The association with PTTG1 is not only inhibitory, since PTTG1 is also required for activating it, the enzyme being inactive in cells in which PTTG1 is absent. PTTG1 degradation at anaphase, liberates it and triggers RAD21 cleavage. Second, phosphorylation at Ser-1126 inactivates it. The complete phosphorylation during mitosis, is removed when cells undergo anaphase. Activation of the enzyme at the metaphase-anaphase transition probably requires the removal of both securin and inhibitory phosphate.3 Publications
Sites
| Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active sitei | 2029 | 1 |
GO - Molecular functioni
- catalytic activity Source: UniProtKB
- cysteine-type endopeptidase activity Source: GO_Central
- cysteine-type peptidase activity Source: Reactome
GO - Biological processi
- apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB
- cytokinesis Source: UniProtKB
- establishment of mitotic spindle localization Source: UniProtKB
- homologous chromosome segregation Source: Ensembl
- meiotic chromosome separation Source: GO_Central
- meiotic spindle organization Source: Ensembl
- mitotic sister chromatid segregation Source: UniProtKB
- negative regulation of sister chromatid cohesion Source: UniProtKB
- positive regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition Source: UniProtKB
Keywordsi
| Molecular function | Hydrolase, Protease, Thiol protease |
| Biological process | Chromosome partition |
Enzyme and pathway databases
| BioCyci | MetaCyc:ENSG00000135476-MONOMER. |
| Reactomei | R-HSA-2467813. Separation of Sister Chromatids. |
| SIGNORi | Q14674. |
Protein family/group databases
| MEROPSi | C50.002. |
Names & Taxonomyi
| Protein namesi | Recommended name: Separin (EC:3.4.22.49)Alternative name(s): Caspase-like protein ESPL1 Extra spindle poles-like 1 protein Separase |
| Gene namesi | Name:ESPL1 Synonyms:ESP1, KIAA0165 |
| Organismi | Homo sapiens (Human) |
| Taxonomic identifieri | 9606 [NCBI] |
| Taxonomic lineagei | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
| Proteomesi |
|
Organism-specific databases
| HGNCi | HGNC:16856. ESPL1. |
Subcellular locationi
GO - Cellular componenti
- centrosome Source: UniProtKB
- cytoplasm Source: GO_Central
- cytosol Source: Reactome
- mitotic spindle Source: GO_Central
- nucleus Source: GO_Central
Keywords - Cellular componenti
Cytoplasm, NucleusPathology & Biotechi
Mutagenesis
| Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mutagenesisi | 1126 | S → A: Abolishes phosphorylation at this site, as well as the negative regulation due to phosphorylation. | 1 | |
| Mutagenesisi | 1483 – 1486 | EIMR → RIME: Abolishes autocleavage; when associated with R-1178; E-1181; R-1207 and E-1210. Does not affect the protease function. 1 Publication | 4 | |
| Mutagenesisi | 1486 | R → A: Abolishes autocleavage; when associated with A-1181 and A-1210. 1 Publication | 1 | |
| Mutagenesisi | 1503 – 1506 | EILR → RILE: Does not affect autocleavage. Does not affect the protease function. 1 Publication | 4 | |
| Mutagenesisi | 1506 | R → A: Abolishes autocleavage; when associated with A-1161 and A-1210. 1 Publication | 1 | |
| Mutagenesisi | 1532 – 1535 | ELLR → RLLE: Strongly reduces autocleavage at this site, but enhances autocleavage at site 1. Does not affect the protease function. 1 Publication | 4 | |
| Mutagenesisi | 1535 | R → A: Abolishes autocleavage; when associated with A-1161 and A-1281. 1 Publication | 1 | |
| Mutagenesisi | 2029 | C → A: Abolishes protease activity. 1 Publication | 1 |
Organism-specific databases
| DisGeNETi | 9700. |
| OpenTargetsi | ENSG00000135476. |
| PharmGKBi | PA27884. |
Polymorphism and mutation databases
| BioMutai | ESPL1. |
| DMDMi | 308153600. |
PTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
| Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ChainiPRO_0000205900 | 1 – 2120 | SeparinAdd BLAST | 2120 |
Amino acid modifications
| Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Modified residuei | 1126 | Phosphoserine1 Publication | 1 | |
| Modified residuei | 1396 | PhosphoserineCombined sources | 1 | |
| Modified residuei | 1399 | PhosphoserineCombined sources | 1 | |
| Modified residuei | 1508 | PhosphoserineCombined sources | 1 |
Post-translational modificationi
Autocleaves. This function, which is not essential for its protease activity, is unknown.
Phosphorylated by CDK1. There are 8 Ser/Thr phosphorylation sites. Among them, Ser-1126 phosphorylation is the major site, which conducts to the enzyme inactivation.1 Publication
Sites
| Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sitei | 1506 – 1507 | Cleavage; by autolysis | 2 | |
| Sitei | 1535 – 1536 | Cleavage; by autolysis | 2 |
Keywords - PTMi
Autocatalytic cleavage, PhosphoproteinProteomic databases
| EPDi | Q14674. |
| MaxQBi | Q14674. |
| PaxDbi | Q14674. |
| PeptideAtlasi | Q14674. |
| PRIDEi | Q14674. |
PTM databases
| iPTMneti | Q14674. |
| PhosphoSitePlusi | Q14674. |
Expressioni
Gene expression databases
| Bgeei | ENSG00000135476. |
| CleanExi | HS_ESPL1. |
| ExpressionAtlasi | Q14674. baseline and differential. |
| Genevisiblei | Q14674. HS. |
Organism-specific databases
| HPAi | CAB012185. |
Interactioni
Subunit structurei
Interacts with PTTG1. Interacts with RAD21.2 Publications
Protein-protein interaction databases
| BioGridi | 115052. 40 interactors. |
| DIPi | DIP-46079N. |
| IntActi | Q14674. 20 interactors. |
| STRINGi | 9606.ENSP00000257934. |
Structurei
3D structure databases
| ProteinModelPortali | Q14674. |
| SMRi | Q14674. |
| ModBasei | Search... |
| MobiDBi | Search... |
Family & Domainsi
Domains and Repeats
| Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domaini | 1945 – 2040 | Peptidase C50Add BLAST | 96 |
Phylogenomic databases
| eggNOGi | KOG1849. Eukaryota. COG5155. LUCA. |
| GeneTreei | ENSGT00390000004990. |
| HOGENOMi | HOG000290657. |
| HOVERGENi | HBG051510. |
| InParanoidi | Q14674. |
| KOi | K02365. |
| OMAi | LWLYICT. |
| OrthoDBi | EOG091G03VI. |
| PhylomeDBi | Q14674. |
| TreeFami | TF101169. |
Family and domain databases
| Gene3Di | 1.25.40.10. 1 hit. |
| InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR005314. Peptidase_C50. IPR030397. SEPARIN_core_dom. IPR011990. TPR-like_helical_dom. |
| PANTHERi | PTHR12792. PTHR12792. 1 hit. |
| PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS51700. SEPARIN. 1 hit. |
Sequences (2)i
Sequence statusi: Complete.
This entry describes 2 isoformsi produced by alternative splicing. AlignAdd to basket
Isoform 1 (identifier: Q14674-1) [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.
10 20 30 40 50
MRSFKRVNFG TLLSSQKEAE ELLPALKEFL SNPPAGFPSS RSDAERRQAC
60 70 80 90 100
DAILRACNQQ LTAKLACPRH LGSLLELAEL ACDGYLVSTP QRPPLYLERI
110 120 130 140 150
LFVLLRNAAA QGSPEATLRL AQPLHACLVQ CSREAAPQDY EAVARGSFSL
160 170 180 190 200
LWKGAEALLE RRAAFAARLK ALSFLVLLED ESTPCEVPHF ASPTACRAVA
210 220 230 240 250
AHQLFDASGH GLNEADADFL DDLLSRHVIR ALVGERGSSS GLLSPQRALC
260 270 280 290 300
LLELTLEHCR RFCWSRHHDK AISAVEKAHS YLRNTNLAPS LQLCQLGVKL
310 320 330 340 350
LQVGEEGPQA VAKLLIKASA VLSKSMEAPS PPLRALYESC QFFLSGLERG
360 370 380 390 400
TKRRYRLDAI LSLFAFLGGY CSLLQQLRDD GVYGGSSKQQ QSFLQMYFQG
410 420 430 440 450
LHLYTVVVYD FAQGCQIVDL ADLTQLVDSC KSTVVWMLEA LEGLSGQELT
460 470 480 490 500
DHMGMTASYT SNLAYSFYSH KLYAEACAIS EPLCQHLGLV KPGTYPEVPP
510 520 530 540 550
EKLHRCFRLQ VESLKKLGKQ AQGCKMVILW LAALQPCSPE HMAEPVTFWV
560 570 580 590 600
RVKMDAARAG DKELQLKTLR DSLSGWDPET LALLLREELQ AYKAVRADTG
610 620 630 640 650
QERFNIICDL LELSPEETPA GAWARATHLV ELAQVLCYHD FTQQTNCSAL
660 670 680 690 700
DAIREALQLL DSVRPEAQAR DQLLDDKAQA LLWLYICTLE AKMQEGIERD
710 720 730 740 750
RRAQAPGNLE EFEVNDLNYE DKLQEDRFLY SNIAFNLAAD AAQSKCLDQA
760 770 780 790 800
LALWKELLTK GQAPAVRCLQ QTAASLQILA ALYQLVAKPM QALEVLLLLR
810 820 830 840 850
IVSERLKDHS KAAGSSCHIT QLLLTLGCPS YAQLHLEEAA SSLKHLDQTT
860 870 880 890 900
DTYLLLSLTC DLLRSQLYWT HQKVTKGVSL LLSVLRDPAL QKSSKAWYLL
910 920 930 940 950
RVQVLQLVAA YLSLPSNNLS HSLWEQLCAQ GWQTPEIALI DSHKLLRSII
960 970 980 990 1000
LLLMGSDILS TQKAAVETSF LDYGENLVQK WQVLSEVLSC SEKLVCHLGR
1010 1020 1030 1040 1050
LGSVSEAKAF CLEALKLTTK LQIPRQCALF LVLKGELELA RNDIDLCQSD
1060 1070 1080 1090 1100
LQQVLFLLES CTEFGGVTQH LDSVKKVHLQ KGKQQAQVPC PPQLPEEELF
1110 1120 1130 1140 1150
LRGPALELVA TVAKEPGPIA PSTNSSPVLK TKPQPIPNFL SHSPTCDCSL
1160 1170 1180 1190 1200
CASPVLTAVC LRWVLVTAGV RLAMGHQAQG LDLLQVVLKG CPEAAERLTQ
1210 1220 1230 1240 1250
ALQASLNHKT PPSLVPSLLD EILAQAYTLL ALEGLNQPSN ESLQKVLQSG
1260 1270 1280 1290 1300
LKFVAARIPH LEPWRASLLL IWALTKLGGL SCCTTQLFAS SWGWQPPLIK
1310 1320 1330 1340 1350
SVPGSEPSKT QGQKRSGRGR QKLASAPLRL NNTSQKGLEG RGLPCTPKPP
1360 1370 1380 1390 1400
DRIRQAGPHV PFTVFEEVCP TESKPEVPQA PRVQQRVQTR LKVNFSDDSD
1410 1420 1430 1440 1450
LEDPVSAEAW LAEEPKRRGT ASRGRGRARK GLSLKTDAVV APGSAPGNPG
1460 1470 1480 1490 1500
LNGRSRRAKK VASRHCEERR PQRASDQARP GPEIMRTIPE EELTDNWRKM
1510 1520 1530 1540 1550
SFEILRGSDG EDSASGGKTP APGPEAASGE WELLRLDSSK KKLPSPCPDK
1560 1570 1580 1590 1600
ESDKDLGPRL RLPSAPVATG LSTLDSICDS LSVAFRGISH CPPSGLYAHL
1610 1620 1630 1640 1650
CRFLALCLGH RDPYATAFLV TESVSITCRH QLLTHLHRQL SKAQKHRGSL
1660 1670 1680 1690 1700
EIADQLQGLS LQEMPGDVPL ARIQRLFSFR ALESGHFPQP EKESFQERLA
1710 1720 1730 1740 1750
LIPSGVTVCV LALATLQPGT VGNTLLLTRL EKDSPPVSVQ IPTGQNKLHL
1760 1770 1780 1790 1800
RSVLNEFDAI QKAQKENSSC TDKREWWTGR LALDHRMEVL IASLEKSVLG
1810 1820 1830 1840 1850
CWKGLLLPSS EEPGPAQEAS RLQELLQDCG WKYPDRTLLK IMLSGAGALT
1860 1870 1880 1890 1900
PQDIQALAYG LCPTQPERAQ ELLNEAVGRL QGLTVPSNSH LVLVLDKDLQ
1910 1920 1930 1940 1950
KLPWESMPSL QALPVTRLPS FRFLLSYSII KEYGASPVLS QGVDPRSTFY
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
VLNPHNNLSS TEEQFRANFS SEAGWRGVVG EVPRPEQVQE ALTKHDLYIY
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
AGHGAGARFL DGQAVLRLSC RAVALLFGCS SAALAVRGNL EGAGIVLKYI
2060 2070 2080 2090 2100
MAGCPLFLGN LWDVTDRDID RYTEALLQGW LGAGPGAPLL YYVNQARQAP
2110 2120
RLKYLIGAAP IAYGLPVSLR
Experimental Info
| Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sequence conflicti | 25 | A → D in AAR18247 (PubMed:12194817).Curated | 1 | |
| Sequence conflicti | 116 | A → V in AAR18247 (PubMed:12194817).Curated | 1 | |
| Sequence conflicti | 693 | M → I in AAR18247 (PubMed:12194817).Curated | 1 | |
| Sequence conflicti | 693 | M → I in BAA11482 (PubMed:8724849).Curated | 1 | |
| Sequence conflicti | 1329 | R → S in AAR18247 (PubMed:12194817).Curated | 1 | |
| Sequence conflicti | 1329 | R → S in BAA11482 (PubMed:8724849).Curated | 1 | |
| Sequence conflicti | 1561 | R → Q in AAR18247 (PubMed:12194817).Curated | 1 | |
| Sequence conflicti | 1561 | R → Q in BAA11482 (PubMed:8724849).Curated | 1 | |
| Sequence conflicti | 2037 | R → H in AAR18247 (PubMed:12194817).Curated | 1 | |
| Sequence conflicti | 2037 | R → H in BAA11482 (PubMed:8724849).Curated | 1 |
Natural variant
| Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Natural variantiVAR_057703 | 614 | S → R. Corresponds to variant dbSNP:rs1318648Ensembl. | 1 | |
| Natural variantiVAR_057704 | 699 | R → Q. Corresponds to variant dbSNP:rs34424268Ensembl. | 1 | |
| Natural variantiVAR_057705 | 1136 | I → V. Corresponds to variant dbSNP:rs34130634Ensembl. | 1 | |
| Natural variantiVAR_057706 | 1157 | T → A. Corresponds to variant dbSNP:rs35428211Ensembl. | 1 | |
| Natural variantiVAR_057707 | 1237 | Q → H. Corresponds to variant dbSNP:rs34396464Ensembl. | 1 | |
| Natural variantiVAR_057708 | 1435 | K → M. Corresponds to variant dbSNP:rs1110719Ensembl. | 1 |
Alternative sequence
| Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative sequenceiVSP_009361 | 1 – 325 | Missing in isoform 2. 1 PublicationAdd BLAST | 325 |
Sequence databases
| Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | AY455930 mRNA. Translation: AAR18247.1. D79987 mRNA. Translation: BAA11482.2. AC021072 Genomic DNA. No translation available. AC073611 Genomic DNA. No translation available. |
| CCDSi | CCDS8852.1. [Q14674-1] |
| RefSeqi | NP_036423.4. NM_012291.4. [Q14674-1] XP_006719768.1. XM_006719705.3. [Q14674-1] XP_011537326.1. XM_011539024.2. [Q14674-1] XP_016875742.1. XM_017020253.1. [Q14674-2] |
| UniGenei | Hs.153479. |
Genome annotation databases
| Ensembli | ENST00000257934; ENSP00000257934; ENSG00000135476. [Q14674-1] ENST00000552462; ENSP00000449831; ENSG00000135476. [Q14674-1] |
| GeneIDi | 9700. |
| KEGGi | hsa:9700. |
| UCSCi | uc001sck.2. human. [Q14674-1] |
Keywords - Coding sequence diversityi
Alternative splicing, PolymorphismSimilar proteinsi
Links to similar proteins from the UniProt Reference Clusters (UniRef) at 100%, 90% and 50% sequence identity:| 100% | UniRef100 combines identical sequences and sub-fragments with 11 or more residues from any organism into one UniRef entry. |
| 90% | UniRef90 is built by clustering UniRef100 sequences that have at least 90% sequence identity to, and 80% overlap with, the longest sequence (a.k.a seed sequence). |
| 50% | UniRef50 is built by clustering UniRef90 seed sequences that have at least 50% sequence identity to, and 80% overlap with, the longest sequence in the cluster. |
Entry informationi
| Entry namei | ESPL1_HUMAN | |
| Accessioni | Q14674Primary (citable) accession number: Q14674 | |
| Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: | March 25, 2003 |
| Last sequence update: | October 5, 2010 | |
| Last modified: | July 5, 2017 | |
| This is version 164 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
| Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | |
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | |
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | |
Miscellaneousi
Keywords - Technical termi
Complete proteome, Direct protein sequencing, Reference proteomeDocuments
- Human chromosome 12
Human chromosome 12: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM - Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations - Human polymorphisms and disease mutations
Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations - MIM cross-references
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
