Reviewed,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q14641 (INSL4_HUMAN)
Last modified
November 25, 2008.
Version 69.
History...
Clusters with 100%,
90%,
50% identity |
Documents (4) |
Third-party data |
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Names and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Early placenta insulin-like peptide Short name=EPIL Short name=Placentin Alternative name(s): Insulin-like peptide 4 Cleaved into the following 2 chains: 1- Recommended name: Early placenta insulin-like peptide B chain 2- Recommended name: Early placenta insulin-like peptide A chain | ||
| Gene names |
| ||
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) | ||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 139 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level. |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | May play an important role in trophoblast development and in the regulation of bone formation. |
| Subcellular location | SecretedBy similarity. |
| Tissue specificity | Expressed in placenta, uterus and in fetal perichondrium. Expression levels were increased in both early placentas and molar pregnancies and were reduced in choriocarcinoma cells. |
| Developmental stage | Highly expressed in the early placenta. Expression of epil peptides in the villous cytotrophoblast is different from that displayed by the syncytiotrophoblast. In fetal tissues it was identified in the perichondrium of all four limbs, vertebrae, and ribs. It was abundant in interbone ligaments. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the insulin family. |
Ontologies
Keywords | |
|---|---|
| Cellular component | Secreted |
| Domain | Signal |
| Molecular function | Hormone |
| PTM | Cleavage on pair of basic residues |
| Technical term | Direct protein sequencing |
Gene Ontology (GO) | |
| Biological process | cell proliferation Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc cell-cell signalingTraceable author statement. Source: ProtInc female pregnancyTraceable author statement. Source: ProtInc multicellular organismal developmentTraceable author statement. Source: ProtInc signal transductionTraceable author statement. Source: ProtInc |
| Cellular component | extracellular space Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc soluble fractionTraceable author statement. Source: ProtInc |
| Molecular function | hormone activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro insulin-like growth factor receptor binding Ref.1Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc |
| Complete GO annotation... | |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Signal peptide | 1 – 25 | 25 | |||||||||
| Chain | 26 – 139 | 114 | Early placenta insulin-like peptide | PRO_0000016155 | |||||||
| Peptide | 26 – 58 | 33 | Early placenta insulin-like peptide B chain | PRO_0000016156 | |||||||
| Propeptide | 59 – 114 | 56 | C peptide | PRO_0000016157 | |||||||
| Peptide | 115 – 139 | 25 | Early placenta insulin-like peptide A chain | PRO_0000016158 | |||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 31 ↔ 125 | Interchain (between B and A chains) By similarity | |||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 43 ↔ 138 | Interchain (between B and A chains) By similarity | |||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 124 ↔ 129 | By similarity | |||||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Cloning of a new member of the insulin gene superfamily (INSL4) expressed in human placenta." Chassin D., Laurent A., Janneau J.-L., Berger R., Bellet D. Genomics 29:465-470(1995) [PubMed: 8666396] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Placenta. |
| [2] | "DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9." Humphray S.J., Oliver K., Hunt A.R., Plumb R.W., Loveland J.E., Howe K.L., Andrews T.D., Searle S., Hunt S.E., Scott C.E., Jones M.C., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ambrose K.D., Ashwell R.I.S., Babbage A.K., Babbage S., Bagguley C.L. Dunham I.Nature 429:369-374(2004) [PubMed: 15164053] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [3] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Placenta. |
| [4] | "Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites." Zhang Z., Henzel W.J. Protein Sci. 13:2819-2824(2004) [PubMed: 15340161] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 26-40. |
| [5] | "Identification of pro-EPIL and EPIL peptides translated from insulin-like 4 (INSL4) mRNA in human placenta." Bellet D., Lavaissiere L., Mock P., Laurent A., Sabourin J.-C., Bedossa P., Le Bouteiller P., Frydman R., Troalen F., Bidart J.-M. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82:3169-3172(1997) [PubMed: 9284764] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEOLYTIC PROCESSING. |
| [6] | "Insulin-like 4 (INSL4) gene expression in human embryonic and trophoblastic tissues." Laurent A., Rouillac C., Delezoide A.L., Giovangrandi Y., Vekemans M., Bellet D., Abitbol M., Vidaud M. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 51:123-129(1998) [PubMed: 9740319] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [7] | "Transcriptional expression of genes involved in cell invasion and migration by normal and tumoral trophoblast cells." Janneau J.-L., Maldonado-Estrada J., Tachdjian G., Miran I., Motte N., Saulnier P., Sabourin J.-C., Cote J.-F., Simon B., Frydman R., Chaouat G., Bellet D. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87:5336-5339(2002) [PubMed: 12414911] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY, POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT IN INVASION/MIGRATION OF TROPHOBLAST CELLS. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| L34838 mRNA. Translation: AAB08516.1. AL133547 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAH70506.1. BC026254 mRNA. Translation: AAH26254.1. | |
| RefSeq | NP_002186.1. |
| UniGene | Hs.418506 |
3D structure databases | |
| ModBase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENSG00000120211. Homo sapiens. [Contig view] |
| GeneID | 3641. |
| KEGG | hsa:3641. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| H-InvDB | HIX0007897. |
| HGNC | HGNC:6087. INSL4. |
| MIM | 600910. gene. |
| PharmGKB | PA29894. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
| GeneCards | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| HOGENOM | Q14641. |
| HOVERGEN | Q14641. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | Q14641. |
| CleanEx | HS_INSL4. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000120211. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR004825. Ins/IGF/relaxin. [Graphical view] |
| PROSITE | PS00262. INSULIN. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other Resources | |
| LinkHub | Q14641. |
| NextBio | 14251. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | INSL4_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q14641 Secondary accession number(s): Q5W127 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation project | HPI (Human Proteome Initiative) | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 9 Human chromosome 9: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| UniProtKB secondary accession numbers Index of UniProtKB secondary accession numbers |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with


