Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q14641 (INSL4_HUMAN)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Early placenta insulin-like peptide
      Short name=EPIL
      Short name=Placentin
Alternative name(s):
    Insulin-like peptide 4
Cleaved into the following 2 chains:
    1- Recommended name:
            Early placenta insulin-like peptide B chain
    2- Recommended name:
            Early placenta insulin-like peptide A chain

Gene names

Name:

INSL4

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human)

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	139 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	May play an important role in trophoblast development and in the regulation of bone formation.
Subcellular location	SecretedBy similarity.
Tissue specificity	Expressed in placenta, uterus and in fetal perichondrium. Expression levels were increased in both early placentas and molar pregnancies and were reduced in choriocarcinoma cells.
Developmental stage	Highly expressed in the early placenta. Expression of epil peptides in the villous cytotrophoblast is different from that displayed by the syncytiotrophoblast. In fetal tissues it was identified in the perichondrium of all four limbs, vertebrae, and ribs. It was abundant in interbone ligaments.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the insulin family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Secreted
Domain	Signal
Molecular function	Hormone
PTM	Cleavage on pair of basic residues
Technical term	Direct protein sequencing
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	cell proliferation Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc cell-cell signaling Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc female pregnancy Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc multicellular organismal development Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc signal transduction Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc
Cellular component	extracellular space Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc soluble fraction Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc
Molecular function	hormone activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro insulin-like growth factor receptor binding Ref.1 Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Signal peptide	1 – 25	25
	Chain	26 – 139	114	Early placenta insulin-like peptide		PRO_0000016155
	Peptide	26 – 58	33	Early placenta insulin-like peptide B chain		PRO_0000016156
	Propeptide	59 – 114	56	C peptide		PRO_0000016157
	Peptide	115 – 139	25	Early placenta insulin-like peptide A chain		PRO_0000016158
Amino acid modifications
	Disulfide bond	31 ↔ 125		Interchain (between B and A chains) By similarity
	Disulfide bond	43 ↔ 138		Interchain (between B and A chains) By similarity
	Disulfide bond	124 ↔ 129		By similarity

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Q14641-1 [UniParc]. Last modified November 1, 1996. Version 1. Checksum: 47FB61F6F86C1342	FASTA	139	15,445
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MASLFRSYLP AIWLLLSQLL RESLAAELRG CGPRFGKHLL SYCPMPEKTF TTTPGGWLLE 70 80 90 100 110 120 SGRPKEMVST SNNKDGQALG TTSEFIPNLS PELKKPLSEG QPSLKKIILS RKKRSGRHRF 130 DPFCCEVICD DGTSVKLCT

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Cloning of a new member of the insulin gene superfamily (INSL4) expressed in human placenta." Chassin D., Laurent A., Janneau J.-L., Berger R., Bellet D. Genomics 29:465-470(1995) [PubMed: 8666396] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Placenta.
[2]	"DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9." Humphray S.J., Oliver K., Hunt A.R., Plumb R.W., Loveland J.E., Howe K.L., Andrews T.D., Searle S., Hunt S.E., Scott C.E., Jones M.C., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ambrose K.D., Ashwell R.I.S., Babbage A.K., Babbage S., Bagguley C.L. , Bailey J., Banerjee R., Barker D.J., Barlow K.F., Bates K., Beasley H., Beasley O., Bird C.P., Bray-Allen S., Brown A.J., Brown J.Y., Burford D., Burrill W., Burton J., Carder C., Carter N.P., Chapman J.C., Chen Y., Clarke G., Clark S.Y., Clee C.M., Clegg S., Collier R.E., Corby N., Crosier M., Cummings A.T., Davies J., Dhami P., Dunn M., Dutta I., Dyer L.W., Earthrowl M.E., Faulkner L., Fleming C.J., Frankish A., Frankland J.A., French L., Fricker D.G., Garner P., Garnett J., Ghori J., Gilbert J.G.R., Glison C., Grafham D.V., Gribble S., Griffiths C., Griffiths-Jones S., Grocock R., Guy J., Hall R.E., Hammond S., Harley J.L., Harrison E.S.I., Hart E.A., Heath P.D., Henderson C.D., Hopkins B.L., Howard P.J., Howden P.J., Huckle E., Johnson C., Johnson D., Joy A.A., Kay M., Keenan S., Kershaw J.K., Kimberley A.M., King A., Knights A., Laird G.K., Langford C., Lawlor S., Leongamornlert D.A., Leversha M., Lloyd C., Lloyd D.M., Lovell J., Martin S., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., Matthews L., McLaren S., McLay K.E., McMurray A., Milne S., Nickerson T., Nisbett J., Nordsiek G., Pearce A.V., Peck A.I., Porter K.M., Pandian R., Pelan S., Phillimore B., Povey S., Ramsey Y., Rand V., Scharfe M., Sehra H.K., Shownkeen R., Sims S.K., Skuce C.D., Smith M., Steward C.A., Swarbreck D., Sycamore N., Tester J., Thorpe A., Tracey A., Tromans A., Thomas D.W., Wall M., Wallis J.M., West A.P., Whitehead S.L., Willey D.L., Williams S.A., Wilming L., Wray P.W., Young L., Ashurst J.L., Coulson A., Blocker H., Durbin R.M., Sulston J.E., Hubbard T., Jackson M.J., Bentley D.R., Beck S., Rogers J., Dunham I. Nature 429:369-374(2004) [PubMed: 15164053] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[3]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Placenta.
[4]	"Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites." Zhang Z., Henzel W.J. Protein Sci. 13:2819-2824(2004) [PubMed: 15340161] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 26-40.
[5]	"Identification of pro-EPIL and EPIL peptides translated from insulin-like 4 (INSL4) mRNA in human placenta." Bellet D., Lavaissiere L., Mock P., Laurent A., Sabourin J.-C., Bedossa P., Le Bouteiller P., Frydman R., Troalen F., Bidart J.-M. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82:3169-3172(1997) [PubMed: 9284764] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEOLYTIC PROCESSING.
[6]	"Insulin-like 4 (INSL4) gene expression in human embryonic and trophoblastic tissues." Laurent A., Rouillac C., Delezoide A.L., Giovangrandi Y., Vekemans M., Bellet D., Abitbol M., Vidaud M. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 51:123-129(1998) [PubMed: 9740319] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[7]	"Transcriptional expression of genes involved in cell invasion and migration by normal and tumoral trophoblast cells." Janneau J.-L., Maldonado-Estrada J., Tachdjian G., Miran I., Motte N., Saulnier P., Sabourin J.-C., Cote J.-F., Simon B., Frydman R., Chaouat G., Bellet D. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87:5336-5339(2002) [PubMed: 12414911] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY, POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT IN INVASION/MIGRATION OF TROPHOBLAST CELLS.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	L34838 mRNA. Translation: AAB08516.1. AL133547 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAH70506.1. BC026254 mRNA. Translation: AAH26254.1.
RefSeq	NP_002186.1.
UniGene	Hs.418506
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENSG00000120211. Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
GeneID	3641.
KEGG	hsa:3641.
Organism-specific databases
H-InvDB	HIX0007897.
HGNC	HGNC:6087. INSL4.
MIM	600910. gene.
PharmGKB	PA29894.
GenAtlas	Search...
GeneCards	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM	Q14641.
HOVERGEN	Q14641.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	Q14641.
CleanEx	HS_INSL4.
GermOnline	ENSG00000120211. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR004825. Ins/IGF/relaxin. [Graphical view]
PROSITE	PS00262. INSULIN. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other Resources
LinkHub	Q14641.
NextBio	14251.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

INSL4_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q14641
Secondary accession number(s): Q5W127

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	November 1, 1997
Last sequence update:	November 1, 1996
Last modified:	November 25, 2008
This is version 69 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)