<p>Provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.</p><p><a href='../manual/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functionⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:</p><p><a href='../manual/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functionⁱ

1. ATPase binding Source: BHF-UCL

   <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ

   • 18591664

2. ion channel binding Source: BHF-UCL

   <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ

   • 18591664

3. nitric-oxide synthase binding Source: BHF-UCL

   <p>Inferred from Physical Interaction</p> <p>Covers physical interactions between the gene product of interest and another molecule (or ion, or complex).</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ipi">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from physical interactionⁱ

   • 18591664

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:</p><p><a href='../manual/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Biological processⁱ

1. muscle contraction Source: ProtInc

   <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ

   • 8576247

2. negative regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation Source: BHF-UCL

   <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ

   • 18591664

3. neuromuscular junction development Source: Ensembl
4. regulation of heart rate Source: BHF-UCL

   <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ

   • 18591664

5. regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport Source: BHF-UCL

   <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ

   • 18591664

6. regulation of vasoconstriction by circulating norepinephrine Source: Ensembl
7. regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization Source: BHF-UCL

   <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ

   • 18591664

8. ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential Source: BHF-UCL

   <p>Inferred from Mutant Phenotype</p> <p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#imp">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from mutant phenotypeⁱ

   • 18591664

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a target="_top" href="/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='../help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywords - Ligandⁱ

<p>Provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.</p><p><a href='../manual/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>Provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.</p><p><a href='../manual/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationⁱ

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:</p><p><a href='../manual/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Cellular componentⁱ

1. cell junction Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
2. cytoplasm Source: UniProtKB-KW
3. cytoskeleton Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
4. intracellular Source: UniProtKB

   <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ

   • 17628813

5. neuromuscular junction Source: Ensembl
6. postsynaptic membrane Source: Ensembl
7. protein complex Source: BHF-UCL

   <p>Inferred from Direct Assay</p> <p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, process or component indicated by the GO term.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#ida">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Inferred from direct assayⁱ

   • 18591664

8. sarcolemma Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
9. syntrophin complex Source: BHF-UCL

   <p>Traceable Author Statement</p> <p>Used for information from review articles where the original experiments are traceable through that article and also for information from text books or dictionaries.</p> <p>More information in the <a href="http://geneontology.org/page/guide-go-evidence-codes#tas">GO evidence code guide</a></p> Traceable author statementⁱ

   • 21164104

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a target="_top" href="/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='../help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

<p>Provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with the deficiency of a protein.</p><p><a href='../manual/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechⁱ

<p>Provides information on the disease(s) associated with genetic variations in a given protein. The information is extracted from the scientific literature and diseases that are also described in the <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=omim"><span class="caps">OMIM</span></a> database are represented with a <a href="/diseases">controlled vocabulary</a> in the following way:</p><p><a href='../manual/involvement_in_disease' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Involvement in diseaseⁱ

Long QT syndrome 122 Publications

<p>Manually curated information for which there is published experimental evidence.</p> <p><a href="/manual/evidences#ECO:0000269">More…</a></p> Manual assertion based on experiment inⁱ

• Ref.14

  "alpha-1-syntrophin mutation and the long-QT syndrome: a disease of sodium channel disruption."
  Wu G., Ai T., Kim J.J., Mohapatra B., Xi Y., Li Z., Abbasi S., Purevjav E., Samani K., Ackerman M.J., Qi M., Moss A.J., Shimizu W., Towbin J.A., Cheng J., Vatta M.
  Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol. 1:193-201(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

  Cited for: VARIANT LQT12 GLY-257, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT LQT12 GLY-257.
• Ref.15

  "Syntrophin mutation associated with long QT syndrome through activation of the nNOS-SCN5A macromolecular complex."
  Ueda K., Valdivia C., Medeiros-Domingo A., Tester D.J., Vatta M., Farrugia G., Ackerman M.J., Makielski J.C.
  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:9355-9360(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]

  Cited for: VARIANT LQT12 VAL-390, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT LQT12 VAL-390.

The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Disease descriptionA heart disorder characterized by a prolonged QT interval on the ECG and polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias. They cause syncope and sudden death in response to exercise or emotional stress, and can present with a sentinel event of sudden cardiac death in infancy.

See also OMIM:612955

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
<p>Describes natural variant(s) of the protein sequence.</p><p><a href='../manual/variant' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Natural varianti	257 – 257	1	A → G in LQT12; leads to a gain of function of the voltage dependent sodium channel. 1 Publication <p>Manually curated information for which there is published experimental evidence.</p> <p><a href="/manual/evidences#ECO:0000269">More…</a></p> Manual assertion based on experiment ini Ref.14 "alpha-1-syntrophin mutation and the long-QT syndrome: a disease of sodium channel disruption." Wu G., Ai T., Kim J.J., Mohapatra B., Xi Y., Li Z., Abbasi S., Purevjav E., Samani K., Ackerman M.J., Qi M., Moss A.J., Shimizu W., Towbin J.A., Cheng J., Vatta M. Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol. 1:193-201(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT LQT12 GLY-257, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT LQT12 GLY-257. Corresponds to variant rs56157422 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_062399
<p>Describes natural variant(s) of the protein sequence.</p><p><a href='../manual/variant' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Natural varianti	390 – 390	1	A → V in LQT12; results in released inhibition of nNOS, S-nitrosylation of SCN5A and increased late sodium current. 1 Publication <p>Manually curated information for which there is published experimental evidence.</p> <p><a href="/manual/evidences#ECO:0000269">More…</a></p> Manual assertion based on experiment ini Ref.15 "Syntrophin mutation associated with long QT syndrome through activation of the nNOS-SCN5A macromolecular complex." Ueda K., Valdivia C., Medeiros-Domingo A., Tester D.J., Vatta M., Farrugia G., Ackerman M.J., Makielski J.C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:9355-9360(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT LQT12 VAL-390, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT LQT12 VAL-390.		VAR_062400

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a target="_top" href="/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='../help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywords - Diseaseⁱ

Organism-specific databases

<p>Describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.</p><p><a href='../manual/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
<p>Describes the extent of a polypeptide chain in the mature protein following processing.</p><p><a href='../manual/chain' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Chaini	1 – 505	505	Alpha-1-syntrophin		PRO_0000184006	Add BLAST

Amino acid modifications

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
<p>Specifies the position and type of each modified residue excluding <a href="/manual/lipid">lipids</a>, <a href="/manual/carbohyd">glycans</a> and <a href="/manual/crosslnk">protein cross-links</a>.</p><p><a href='../manual/mod_res' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Modified residuei	189 – 189	1	Phosphoserine3 Publications <p>Manually curated information for which there is published experimental evidence.</p> <p><a href="/manual/evidences#ECO:0000269">More…</a></p> Manual assertion based on experiment ini Ref.10 "Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks." Olsen J.V., Blagoev B., Gnad F., Macek B., Kumar C., Mortensen P., Mann M. Cell 127:635-648(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-189 AND SER-193, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. Ref.11 "A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation." Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-189 AND SER-193, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. Ref.13 "Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis." Olsen J.V., Vermeulen M., Santamaria A., Kumar C., Miller M.L., Jensen L.J., Gnad F., Cox J., Jensen T.S., Nigg E.A., Brunak S., Mann M. Sci. Signal. 3:RA3-RA3(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-189, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
<p>Specifies the position and type of each modified residue excluding <a href="/manual/lipid">lipids</a>, <a href="/manual/carbohyd">glycans</a> and <a href="/manual/crosslnk">protein cross-links</a>.</p><p><a href='../manual/mod_res' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Modified residuei	193 – 193	1	Phosphoserine2 Publications <p>Manually curated information for which there is published experimental evidence.</p> <p><a href="/manual/evidences#ECO:0000269">More…</a></p> Manual assertion based on experiment ini Ref.10 "Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks." Olsen J.V., Blagoev B., Gnad F., Macek B., Kumar C., Mortensen P., Mann M. Cell 127:635-648(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-189 AND SER-193, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. Ref.11 "A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation." Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-189 AND SER-193, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].

<p>Describes post-translational modifications (PTMs). This subsection complements the information provided at the sequence level or describes modifications for which position-specific data is not yet available.</p><p><a href='../manual/post-translational_modification' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Post-translational modificationⁱ

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a target="_top" href="/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='../help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywords - PTMⁱ

Proteomic databases

PTM databases

<p>Provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms.</p><p><a href='../manual/expression_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Expressionⁱ

<p>Provides information on the expression of a gene at the mRNA or protein level in cells or in tissues of multicellular organisms. By default, the information is derived from experiments at the mRNA level, unless specified ‘at the protein level’.</p><p><a href='../manual/tissue_specificity' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Tissue specificityⁱ

Gene expression databases

Organism-specific databases

<p>Provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.</p><p><a href='../manual/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactionⁱ

<p>Provides information about the protein quaternary structure and interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes (with the exception of physiological receptor-ligand interactions which are annotated in the ‘Function’ section).</p><p><a href='../manual/subunit_structure' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subunit structureⁱ

<p>Provides information about binary protein-protein interactions. The data presented in this section are a quality-filtered subset of binary interactions automatically derived from the <a href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/">IntAct database</a>. It is updated on a monthly basis. Each binary interaction is displayed on a separate line.</p><p><a href='../manual/binary_interactions' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Binary interactionsⁱ

Protein-protein interaction databases

<p>Provides information on the tertiary structure of a protein.</p><p><a href='../manual/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

<p>Provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.</p><p><a href='../manual/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsⁱ

Domains and Repeats

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
<p>Describes the position and type of a domain, which is defined as a specific combination of secondary structures organized into a characteristic three-dimensional structure or fold.</p><p><a href='../manual/domain' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domaini	6 – 269	264	PH 1PROSITE-ProRule annotation <p>Manual validated information which has been generated by the UniProtKB automatic annotation system.</p> <p><a href="/manual/evidences#ECO:0000255">More…</a></p> Manual assertion according to rulesi PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00145			Add BLAST
<p>Describes the position and type of a domain, which is defined as a specific combination of secondary structures organized into a characteristic three-dimensional structure or fold.</p><p><a href='../manual/domain' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domaini	87 – 170	84	PDZPROSITE-ProRule annotation <p>Manual validated information which has been generated by the UniProtKB automatic annotation system.</p> <p><a href="/manual/evidences#ECO:0000255">More…</a></p> Manual assertion according to rulesi PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00143			Add BLAST
<p>Describes the position and type of a domain, which is defined as a specific combination of secondary structures organized into a characteristic three-dimensional structure or fold.</p><p><a href='../manual/domain' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domaini	293 – 401	109	PH 2PROSITE-ProRule annotation <p>Manual validated information which has been generated by the UniProtKB automatic annotation system.</p> <p><a href="/manual/evidences#ECO:0000255">More…</a></p> Manual assertion according to rulesi PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00145			Add BLAST
<p>Describes the position and type of a domain, which is defined as a specific combination of secondary structures organized into a characteristic three-dimensional structure or fold.</p><p><a href='../manual/domain' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domaini	449 – 505	57	SU			Add BLAST

Region

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
<p>Describes a region of interest that cannot be described in other subsections.</p><p><a href='../manual/region' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Regioni	483 – 505	23	Calmodulin-bindingBy similarity			Add BLAST

<p>Provides general information on the biological role of a domain. The term ‘domain’ is intended here in its wide acceptation, it may be a structural domain, a transmembrane region or a functional domain. Several domains are described in this subsection.</p><p><a href='../manual/domain_cc' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Domainⁱ

<p>Provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.</p><p><a href='../manual/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesⁱ

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a target="_top" href="/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='../help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywords - Domainⁱ

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>Displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including length and molecular weight.</p><p><a href='../manual/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequences (2)ⁱ

<p>Indicates if the canonical sequence displayed by default in the entry is complete or not.</p><p><a href='../manual/sequence_status' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

This entry describes 2<p>Lists the alternative protein sequences (isoforms) that can be generated from the same gene by a single or by the combination of up to four biological events (alternative promoter usage, alternative splicing, alternative initiation and ribosomal frameshifting). Additionally, this section gives relevant information on each alternative protein isoform.</p><p><a href='../manual/alternative_products' target='_top'>More...</a></p> isoformsⁱ produced by alternative splicing. Align

        10         20         30         40         50
MASGRRAPRT GLLELRAGAG SGAGGERWQR VLLSLAEDVL TVSPADGDPG 
        60         70         80         90        100
PEPGAPREQE PAQLNGAAEP GAGPPQLPEA LLLQRRRVTV RKADAGGLGI 
       110        120        130        140        150
SIKGGRENKM PILISKIFKG LAADQTEALF VGDAILSVNG EDLSSATHDE 
       160        170        180        190        200
AVQVLKKTGK EVVLEVKYMK DVSPYFKNST GGTSVGWDSP PASPLQRQPS 
       210        220        230        240        250
SPGPTPRNFS EAKHMSLKMA YVSKRCTPND PEPRYLEICS ADGQDTLFLR 
       260        270        280        290        300
AKDEASARSW ATAIQAQVNT LTPRVKDELQ ALLAATSTAG SQDIKQIGWL 
       310        320        330        340        350
TEQLPSGGTA PTLALLTEKE LLLYLSLPET REALSRPART APLIATRLVH 
       360        370        380        390        400
SGPSKGSVPY DAELSFALRT GTRHGVDTHL FSVESPQELA AWTRQLVDGC 
       410        420        430        440        450
HRAAEGVQEV STACTWNGRP CSLSVHIDKG FTLWAAEPGA ARAVLLRQPF 
       460        470        480        490        500
EKLQMSSDDG ASLLFLDFGG AEGEIQLDLH SCPKTIVFII HSFLSAKVTR 

LGLLA                                             

        10         20         30         40         50
MASGRRAPRT GLLELRAGAG SGAGGERWQR VLLSLAEDVL TVSPADGDPG 
        60         70         80         90        100
PEPGAPREQE PAQLNGAAEP GAGPPQLPEA LLLQRRRVTV RKADAGGLGI 
       110        120        130        140        150
SIKGGRENKM PILISKIFKG LAADQTEALF VGDAILSVNG EDLSSATHDE 
       160        170        180        190        200
AVQVLKKTGK EVVLEVKYMK DVSPYFKNST GGTSVGWDSP PASPLQRQPS 
       210        220        230        240        250
SPGPTPRNFS EAKHMSLKMA YVSKRCTPND PEPRYLEICS ADGQDTLFLR 
       260        270        280        290        300
AKDETREALS RPARTAPLIA TRLVHSGPSK GSVPYDAELS FALRTGTRHG 
       310        320        330        340        350
VDTHLFSVES PQELAAWTRQ LVDGCHRAAE GVQEVSTACT WNGRPCSLSV 
       360        370        380        390        400
HIDKGFTLWA AEPGAARAVL LRQPFEKLQM SSDDGASLLF LDFGGAEGEI 
       410        420        430
QLDLHSCPKT IVFIIHSFLS AKVTRLGLLA                       

Experimental Info

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
<p>Reports difference(s) between the canonical sequence (displayed by default in the entry) and the different sequence submissions merged in the entry. These various submissions may originate from different sequencing projects, different types of experiments, or different biological samples. Sequence conflicts are usually of unknown origin.</p><p><a href='../manual/conflict' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence conflicti	6 – 6	1	R → P in AAB36398. (PubMed:8612778)Curated
<p>Reports difference(s) between the canonical sequence (displayed by default in the entry) and the different sequence submissions merged in the entry. These various submissions may originate from different sequencing projects, different types of experiments, or different biological samples. Sequence conflicts are usually of unknown origin.</p><p><a href='../manual/conflict' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence conflicti	25 – 25	1	G → A in AAB36398. (PubMed:8612778)Curated
<p>Reports difference(s) between the canonical sequence (displayed by default in the entry) and the different sequence submissions merged in the entry. These various submissions may originate from different sequencing projects, different types of experiments, or different biological samples. Sequence conflicts are usually of unknown origin.</p><p><a href='../manual/conflict' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence conflicti	32 – 33	2	LL → PV in AAB36398. (PubMed:8612778)Curated
<p>Reports difference(s) between the canonical sequence (displayed by default in the entry) and the different sequence submissions merged in the entry. These various submissions may originate from different sequencing projects, different types of experiments, or different biological samples. Sequence conflicts are usually of unknown origin.</p><p><a href='../manual/conflict' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence conflicti	66 – 66	1	G → D in AAB36398. (PubMed:8612778)Curated

Natural variant

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
<p>Describes natural variant(s) of the protein sequence.</p><p><a href='../manual/variant' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Natural varianti	257 – 257	1	A → G in LQT12; leads to a gain of function of the voltage dependent sodium channel. 1 Publication <p>Manually curated information for which there is published experimental evidence.</p> <p><a href="/manual/evidences#ECO:0000269">More…</a></p> Manual assertion based on experiment ini Ref.14 "alpha-1-syntrophin mutation and the long-QT syndrome: a disease of sodium channel disruption." Wu G., Ai T., Kim J.J., Mohapatra B., Xi Y., Li Z., Abbasi S., Purevjav E., Samani K., Ackerman M.J., Qi M., Moss A.J., Shimizu W., Towbin J.A., Cheng J., Vatta M. Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol. 1:193-201(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT LQT12 GLY-257, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT LQT12 GLY-257. Corresponds to variant rs56157422 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_062399
<p>Describes natural variant(s) of the protein sequence.</p><p><a href='../manual/variant' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Natural varianti	364 – 364	1	L → F. Corresponds to variant rs1046815 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_014075
<p>Describes natural variant(s) of the protein sequence.</p><p><a href='../manual/variant' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Natural varianti	390 – 390	1	A → V in LQT12; results in released inhibition of nNOS, S-nitrosylation of SCN5A and increased late sodium current. 1 Publication <p>Manually curated information for which there is published experimental evidence.</p> <p><a href="/manual/evidences#ECO:0000269">More…</a></p> Manual assertion based on experiment ini Ref.15 "Syntrophin mutation associated with long QT syndrome through activation of the nNOS-SCN5A macromolecular complex." Ueda K., Valdivia C., Medeiros-Domingo A., Tester D.J., Vatta M., Farrugia G., Ackerman M.J., Makielski J.C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:9355-9360(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT LQT12 VAL-390, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT LQT12 VAL-390.		VAR_062400

Alternative sequence

Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier	Actions
<p>Describes the sequence of naturally occurring alternative protein isoform(s). The changes in the amino acid sequence may be due to alternative splicing, alternative promoter usage, alternative initiation, or ribosomal frameshifting. The information stored in this subsection is used to automatically construct alternative protein sequence(s) for display.</p><p><a href='../manual/var_seq' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Alternative sequencei	254 – 328	75	Missing in isoform 2. 1 Publication <p>Manually curated information that is based on statements in scientific articles for which there is no experimental support.</p> <p><a href="/manual/evidences#ECO:0000303">More…</a></p> Manual assertion based on opinion ini Ref.4 "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. , Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S. Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2).		VSP_056827	Add BLAST

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

Polymorphism databases

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a target="_top" href="/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='../help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywords - Coding sequence diversityⁱ

<p>Is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.</p><p><a href='../manual/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

PTM databases

Polymorphism databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Miscellaneous databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

<p>Contains the literature citations that are the sources of data used to annotate the entry. Each reference is numbered and contains several subsections allowing a precise description of a given citation.</p><p><a href='../manual/publications_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Publicationsⁱ

1. "The three human syntrophin genes are expressed in diverse tissues, have distinct chromosomal locations, and each bind to dystrophin and its relatives."
   Ahn A.H., Feener C.A., Gussoni E., Yoshida M., Ozawa E., Kunkel L.M.
   J. Biol. Chem. 271:2724-2730(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), INTERACTION WITH DMD; DTNA AND UTRN.
   Tissue: Muscle.
   
2. "Characterization of the dystrophin-syntrophin interaction using the two-hybrid system in yeast."
   Castello A., Brocheriou V., Chafey P., Kahn A., Gilgenkrantz H.
   FEBS Lett. 383:124-128(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), INTERACTION WITH DMD.
   Tissue: Heart.
   
3. "Stress-activated protein kinase-3 interacts with the PDZ domain of alpha1-syntrophin. A mechanism for specific substrate recognition."
   Hasegawa M., Cuenda A., Spillantini M.G., Thomas G.M., Buee-Scherrer V., Cohen P., Goedert M.
   J. Biol. Chem. 274:12626-12631(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), INTERACTION WITH MAPK12.
4. "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs."
   Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S.

   , Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S.
   Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2).
   Tissue: Small intestine and Testis.
   
5. "The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20."
   Deloukas P., Matthews L.H., Ashurst J.L., Burton J., Gilbert J.G.R., Jones M., Stavrides G., Almeida J.P., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Bailey J., Barlow K.F., Bates K.N., Beard L.M., Beare D.M., Beasley O.P., Bird C.P., Blakey S.E.

   , Bridgeman A.M., Brown A.J., Buck D., Burrill W.D., Butler A.P., Carder C., Carter N.P., Chapman J.C., Clamp M., Clark G., Clark L.N., Clark S.Y., Clee C.M., Clegg S., Cobley V.E., Collier R.E., Connor R.E., Corby N.R., Coulson A., Coville G.J., Deadman R., Dhami P.D., Dunn M., Ellington A.G., Frankland J.A., Fraser A., French L., Garner P., Grafham D.V., Griffiths C., Griffiths M.N.D., Gwilliam R., Hall R.E., Hammond S., Harley J.L., Heath P.D., Ho S., Holden J.L., Howden P.J., Huckle E., Hunt A.R., Hunt S.E., Jekosch K., Johnson C.M., Johnson D., Kay M.P., Kimberley A.M., King A., Knights A., Laird G.K., Lawlor S., Lehvaeslaiho M.H., Leversha M.A., Lloyd C., Lloyd D.M., Lovell J.D., Marsh V.L., Martin S.L., McConnachie L.J., McLay K., McMurray A.A., Milne S.A., Mistry D., Moore M.J.F., Mullikin J.C., Nickerson T., Oliver K., Parker A., Patel R., Pearce T.A.V., Peck A.I., Phillimore B.J.C.T., Prathalingam S.R., Plumb R.W., Ramsay H., Rice C.M., Ross M.T., Scott C.E., Sehra H.K., Shownkeen R., Sims S., Skuce C.D., Smith M.L., Soderlund C., Steward C.A., Sulston J.E., Swann R.M., Sycamore N., Taylor R., Tee L., Thomas D.W., Thorpe A., Tracey A., Tromans A.C., Vaudin M., Wall M., Wallis J.M., Whitehead S.L., Whittaker P., Willey D.L., Williams L., Williams S.A., Wilming L., Wray P.W., Hubbard T., Durbin R.M., Bentley D.R., Beck S., Rogers J.
   Nature 414:865-871(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
6. Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R.

   , Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C.
   Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
   Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
7. "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
   The MGC Project Team
   Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
   Tissue: Liver.
   
8. "A role for a PDZ protein in the early secretory pathway for the targeting of proTGF-alpha to the cell surface."
   Fernandez-Larrea J., Merlos-Suarez A., Urena J.M., Baselga J., Arribas J.
   Mol. Cell 3:423-433(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: INTERACTION WITH TGFA.
9. "The C-terminus of human glutaminase L mediates association with PDZ domain-containing proteins."
   Olalla L., Aledo J.C., Bannenberg G., Marquez J.
   FEBS Lett. 488:116-122(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
   Cited for: INTERACTION WITH GA.
10. "Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks."
    Olsen J.V., Blagoev B., Gnad F., Macek B., Kumar C., Mortensen P., Mann M.
    Cell 127:635-648(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-189 AND SER-193, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
    Tissue: Cervix carcinoma.
    
11. "A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation."
    Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-189 AND SER-193, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
    Tissue: Cervix carcinoma.
    
12. "Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach."
    Gauci S., Helbig A.O., Slijper M., Krijgsveld J., Heck A.J., Mohammed S.
    Anal. Chem. 81:4493-4501(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
13. "Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis."
    Olsen J.V., Vermeulen M., Santamaria A., Kumar C., Miller M.L., Jensen L.J., Gnad F., Cox J., Jensen T.S., Nigg E.A., Brunak S., Mann M.
    Sci. Signal. 3:RA3-RA3(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-189, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
    Tissue: Cervix carcinoma.
    
14. "alpha-1-syntrophin mutation and the long-QT syndrome: a disease of sodium channel disruption."
    Wu G., Ai T., Kim J.J., Mohapatra B., Xi Y., Li Z., Abbasi S., Purevjav E., Samani K., Ackerman M.J., Qi M., Moss A.J., Shimizu W., Towbin J.A., Cheng J., Vatta M.
    Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol. 1:193-201(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: VARIANT LQT12 GLY-257, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT LQT12 GLY-257.
15. "Syntrophin mutation associated with long QT syndrome through activation of the nNOS-SCN5A macromolecular complex."
    Ueda K., Valdivia C., Medeiros-Domingo A., Tester D.J., Vatta M., Farrugia G., Ackerman M.J., Makielski J.C.
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:9355-9360(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
    Cited for: VARIANT LQT12 VAL-390, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT LQT12 VAL-390.

<p>Provides general information on the entry.</p><p><a href='../manual/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationⁱ

<p>Contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections</p><p><a href='../manual/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousⁱ

<p>UniProtKB Keywords constitute a <a target="_top" href="/keywords">controlled vocabulary</a> with a hierarchical structure. Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest.<p><a href='../help/keywords' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Documents

1. Human chromosome 20
   Human chromosome 20: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM
2. Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
   List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations
3. Human polymorphisms and disease mutations
   Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations
4. MIM cross-references
   Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
5. SIMILARITY comments
   Index of protein domains and families

External Data

<p>Provides links to the UniProt Reference Clusters (<a href="/help/uniref">UniRef</a>). UniRef consists of clusters for UniProtKB sequences (including isoforms) and selected UniParc sequences, in order to obtain complete coverage of the sequence space at resolutions of 100%, 90% and 50% identity.</p><p><a href='../manual/similar_proteins_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Similar proteinsⁱ