Q12882 (DPYD_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
January 25, 2012.
Version 127.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP+] Short name=DHPDHase Short name=DPD EC=1.3.1.2 Alternative name(s): Dihydrothymine dehydrogenase Dihydrouracil dehydrogenase | ||
| Gene names |
| ||
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) | ||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 1025 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Involved in pyrimidine base degradation. Catalyzes the reduction of uracil and thymine. Also involved the degradation of the chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil. |
| Catalytic activity | 5,6-dihydrouracil + NADP+ = uracil + NADPH. |
| Cofactor | Binds 2 FAD. Binds 2 FMN. Binds 2 4Fe-4S clusters. Contains approximately 33 iron atoms per molecule. |
| Pathway | |
| Subunit structure | Homodimer. |
| Subcellular location | |
| Tissue specificity | Found in most tissues with greatest activity found in liver and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. |
| Involvement in disease | Defects in DPYD are the cause of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency (DPYD deficiency) [MIM:274270]; also known as hereditary thymine-uraciluria or familial pyrimidinemia. DPYD deficiency is a disease characterized by persistent urinary excretion of excessive amounts of uracil, thymine and 5-hydroxymethyluracil. Patients suffering from this disease show a severe reaction to the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil. This reaction includes stomatitis, Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hair loss, diarrhea, fever, marked weight loss, cerebellar ataxia, and neurologic symptoms, progressing to semicoma. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase family. Contains 3 4Fe-4S ferredoxin-type domains. |
Ontologies
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Propeptide | 1 – 3 | 3 | PRO_0000021114 | ||||||
| Chain | 4 – 1025 | 1022 | Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP+] | PRO_0000021115 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Domain | 69 – 100 | 32 | 4Fe-4S ferredoxin-type 1 | ||||||
| Domain | 944 – 976 | 33 | 4Fe-4S ferredoxin-type 2 | ||||||
| Domain | 978 – 1007 | 30 | 4Fe-4S ferredoxin-type 3 | ||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 335 – 351 | 17 | NADP Potential | ||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 471 – 481 | 11 | FAD Potential | ||||||
| Region | 661 – 678 | 18 | Uracil binding Potential | ||||||
Sites | |||||||||
| Metal binding | 953 | 1 | Iron-sulfur 1 (4Fe-4S) Potential | ||||||
| Metal binding | 956 | 1 | Iron-sulfur 1 (4Fe-4S) Potential | ||||||
| Metal binding | 959 | 1 | Iron-sulfur 1 (4Fe-4S) Potential | ||||||
| Metal binding | 963 | 1 | Iron-sulfur 1 (4Fe-4S) Potential | ||||||
| Metal binding | 986 | 1 | Iron-sulfur 2 (4Fe-4S) Potential | ||||||
| Metal binding | 989 | 1 | Iron-sulfur 2 (4Fe-4S) Potential | ||||||
| Metal binding | 992 | 1 | Iron-sulfur 2 (4Fe-4S) Potential | ||||||
| Metal binding | 996 | 1 | Iron-sulfur 2 (4Fe-4S) Potential | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 384 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine Ref.11 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 577 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.10 | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Natural variant | 29 | 1 | C → R in allele DPYD*9A and allele DPYD*9B; loss of activity. Ref.4 Ref.5 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.14 Corresponds to variant rs1801265 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_005173 | |||||
| Natural variant | 166 | 1 | M → V. Corresponds to variant rs2297595 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_054034 | |||||
| Natural variant | 235 | 1 | R → W in allele DPYD*8; loss of activity. Ref.12 Ref.13 Corresponds to variant rs1801266 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_005174 | |||||
| Natural variant | 534 | 1 | S → N in allele DPYD*4; low activity. Corresponds to variant rs1801158 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_005175 | |||||
| Natural variant | 543 | 1 | I → V in allele DPYD*5. Ref.6 Corresponds to variant rs1801159 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_005176 | |||||
| Natural variant | 732 | 1 | V → I. Ref.6 Corresponds to variant rs1801160 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_014760 | |||||
| Natural variant | 886 | 1 | R → H in allele DPYD*9B; 25% of activity. Ref.12 Ref.13 Corresponds to variant rs1801267 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_005177 | |||||
| Natural variant | 995 | 1 | V → F in allele DPYD*10; low activity. Corresponds to variant rs1801268 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_005178 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 845 | 1 | E → G in BAF83906. Ref.4 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 910 | 1 | N → S in AAA57474. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 1024 | 1 | V → G in AAI31779. Ref.6 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "cDNA cloning and chromosome mapping of human dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, an enzyme associated with 5-fluorouracil toxicity and congenital thymine uraciluria." Yokota H., Fernandez-Salguero P., Furuya H., Lin K., McBride O.W., Podschun B., Schnackerz K.D., Gonzalez F.J. J. Biol. Chem. 269:23192-23196(1994) [PubMed: 8083224] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Liver. |
| [2] | "Structural organization of the human dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene." Johnson M.R., Wang K., Tillmanns S., Albin N., Diasio R.B. Cancer Res. 57:1660-1663(1997) [PubMed: 9135003] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. |
| [3] | "Suicidal inactivation of human dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase by (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil derived from the antiviral, sorivudine." Ogura K., Nishiyama T., Takubo H., Kato A., Okuda H., Arakawa K., Fukushima M., Nagayama S., Kawaguchi Y., Watabe T. Cancer Lett. 122:107-113(1998) [PubMed: 9464498] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. |
| [4] | "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. Sugano S.Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed: 14702039] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], VARIANT ARG-29. |
| [5] | "The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1." Gregory S.G., Barlow K.F., McLay K.E., Kaul R., Swarbreck D., Dunham A., Scott C.E., Howe K.L., Woodfine K., Spencer C.C.A., Jones M.C., Gillson C., Searle S., Zhou Y., Kokocinski F., McDonald L., Evans R., Phillips K. Bentley D.R.Nature 441:315-321(2006) [PubMed: 16710414] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA], VARIANT ARG-29. |
| [6] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], VARIANTS VAL-543 AND ILE-732. |
| [7] | "A point mutation in an invariant splice donor site leads to exon skipping in two unrelated Dutch patients with dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency." Vreken P., van Kuilenburg A.B.P., Meinsma R., Smit G.P.A., Bakker H.D., de Abreu R.A., van Gennip A.H. J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. 19:645-654(1996) [PubMed: 8892022] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 581-635. Tissue: Liver. |
| [8] | "Lack of correlation between phenotype and genotype for the polymorphically expressed dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in a family of Pakistani origin." Fernandez-Salguero P.M., Sapone A., Wei X., Holt J.R., Jones S., Idle J.R., Gonzalez F.J. Pharmacogenetics 7:161-163(1997) [PubMed: 9170156] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 581-635. |
| [9] | "Purification and characterization of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase from human liver." Lu Z.-H., Zhang R., Diasio R.B. J. Biol. Chem. 267:17102-17109(1992) [PubMed: 1512248] [Abstract] Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION, PARTIAL PROTEIN SEQUENCE. Tissue: Liver. |
| [10] | "Automated phosphoproteome analysis for cultured cancer cells by two-dimensional nanoLC-MS using a calcined titania/C18 biphasic column." Imami K., Sugiyama N., Kyono Y., Tomita M., Ishihama Y. Anal. Sci. 24:161-166(2008) [PubMed: 18187866] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-577, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [11] | "Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions." Choudhary C., Kumar C., Gnad F., Nielsen M.L., Rehman M., Walther T., Olsen J.V., Mann M. Science 325:834-840(2009) [PubMed: 19608861] [Abstract] Cited for: ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT LYS-384, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [12] | "Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency: identification and expression of missense mutations C29R, R886H and R235W." Vreken P., van Kuilenburg A.B.P., Meinsma R., van Gennip A.H. Hum. Genet. 101:333-338(1997) [PubMed: 9439663] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS ARG-29; TRP-235 AND HIS-886. |
| [13] | "Identification of novel point mutations in the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene." Vreken P., van Kuilenburg A.B.P., Meinsma R., van Gennip A.H. J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. 20:335-338(1997) [PubMed: 9266349] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS ARG-29; TRP-235 AND HIS-886. |
| [14] | "DNA sequencing of a cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukaemia genome." Ley T.J., Mardis E.R., Ding L., Fulton B., McLellan M.D., Chen K., Dooling D., Dunford-Shore B.H., McGrath S., Hickenbotham M., Cook L., Abbott R., Larson D.E., Koboldt D.C., Pohl C., Smith S., Hawkins A., Abbott S. Wilson R.K.Nature 456:66-72(2008) [PubMed: 18987736] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] ARG-29. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Web resources
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | U09178 mRNA. Translation: AAA57474.1. U20938 mRNA. Translation: AAB51366.1. AB003063 mRNA. Translation: BAA89789.1. AK291217 mRNA. Translation: BAF83906.1. AL356457 BX908805 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAH70570.1.BX908805 AL356457 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI15125.1.BC131777 mRNA. Translation: AAI31778.1. BC131778 mRNA. Translation: AAI31779.1. X95670 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA64973.1. U57655 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAB07049.1. |
| IPI | IPI00029772. |
| PIR | A54718. |
| RefSeq | NP_000101.2. NM_000110.3. |
| UniGene | Hs.335034. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | Q12882. |
| SMR | Q12882. Positions 2-1019. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| IntAct | Q12882. 18 interactions. |
| STRING | Q12882. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | Q12882. |
Polymorphism databases | |
| DMDM | 160332325. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PRIDE | Q12882. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000370192; ENSP00000359211; ENSG00000188641. |
| GeneID | 1806. |
| KEGG | hsa:1806. |
| UCSC | uc001drv.1. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 1806. |
| GeneCards | GC01M097543. |
| HGNC | HGNC:3012. DPYD. |
| HPA | CAB033241. |
| MIM | 274270. phenotype. 612779. gene. |
| neXtProt | NX_Q12882. |
| Orphanet | 240839. 5-fluorouracil toxicity. 240855. Capecitabine toxicity. 1675. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency. 240955. Susceptibility to adverse reaction due to 5-fluorouracil treatment. 240963. Susceptibility to adverse reaction due to capecitabine treatment. |
| PharmGKB | PA145. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | prNOG12916. |
| GeneTree | ENSGT00500000044896. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG004351. |
| InParanoid | Q12882. |
| OrthoDB | EOG44J2H8. |
| PhylomeDB | Q12882. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| Reactome | REACT_111217. Metabolism. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | Q12882. |
| Bgee | Q12882. |
| CleanEx | HS_DPYD. |
| Genevestigator | Q12882. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000188641. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR017896. 4Fe4S_Fe-S-bd. IPR017900. 4Fe4S_Fe_S_CS. IPR013785. Aldolase_TIM. IPR005720. Dihydroorotate_DH. IPR012135. Dihydroorotate_DH_1_2. IPR012285. Fum_reductase_C. IPR009051. Helical_ferredxn. [Graphical view] |
| Gene3D | G3DSA:3.20.20.70. Aldolase_TIM. 1 hit. G3DSA:1.10.1060.10. Fum_reductase_C. 1 hit. |
| KO | K00207. |
| Pfam | PF01180. DHO_dh. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SUPFAM | SSF46548. Helical_ferredxn. 1 hit. |
| TIGRFAMs | TIGR01037. PyrD_sub1_fam. 1 hit. |
| PROSITE | PS00198. 4FE4S_FER_1. 1 hit. PS51379. 4FE4S_FER_2. 3 hits. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| DrugBank | DB01101. Capecitabine. DB00109. Enfuvirtide. |
| NextBio | 7361. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | DPYD_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q12882 Secondary accession number(s): A2RRQ2 Q96TH1 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
| ||||||||
| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 1 Human chromosome 1: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| PATHWAY comments Index of metabolic and biosynthesis pathways |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with