Q05940 (VMAT2_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Synaptic vesicular amine transporter

Alternative name(s):
Monoamine transporter
Solute carrier family 18 member 2
Vesicular amine transporter 2
Short name=VAT2

Gene names

Name:	SLC18A2
Synonyms:	SVMT, VMAT2

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	514 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Involved in the ATP-dependent vesicular transport of biogenic amine neurotransmitters. Pumps cytosolic monoamines including dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and histamine into synaptic vesicles. Requisite for vesicular amine storage prior to secretion via exocytosis.
Subunit structure	Interacts with SLC6A3 By similarity.
Subcellular location	Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Vesicular transporter family.
Sequence caution	The sequence BAB19009.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous gene model prediction.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Neurotransmitter transport Transport
Cellular component	Cytoplasmic vesicle Membrane
Domain	Transmembrane Transmembrane helix
PTM	Disulfide bond Glycoprotein Phosphoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	aging Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cellular response to ammonium ion Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cellular response to drug Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara death Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara endocytic recycling Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara glucose homeostasis Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara insulin secretion Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara locomotory behavior Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara negative regulation of neurotransmitter transport Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara neurotransmitter secretion Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome post-embryonic development Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to amphetamine Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to cocaine Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to corticosterone stimulus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to herbicide Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to starvation Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to zinc ion Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara
Cellular_component	clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle membrane Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome dense core granule Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara integral to plasma membrane Traceable author statement Ref.1. Source: ProtInc neuronal cell body Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara synaptic vesicle membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara terminal bouton Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara
Molecular_function	drug binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara monoamine transmembrane transporter activity Traceable author statement Ref.1. Source: ProtInc serotonin transmembrane transporter activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 514	514	Synaptic vesicular amine transporter		PRO_0000127514
Regions
	Topological domain	1 – 20	20	Cytoplasmic Potential
	Transmembrane	21 – 41	21	Helical; Potential
	Topological domain	42 – 129	88	Lumenal, vesicle Potential
	Transmembrane	130 – 150	21	Helical; Potential
	Topological domain	151 – 159	9	Cytoplasmic Potential
	Transmembrane	160 – 180	21	Helical; Potential
	Topological domain	181 – 189	9	Lumenal, vesicle Potential
	Transmembrane	190 – 210	21	Helical; Potential
	Topological domain	211 – 219	9	Cytoplasmic Potential
	Transmembrane	220 – 242	23	Helical; Potential
	Topological domain	243 – 248	6	Lumenal, vesicle Potential
	Transmembrane	249 – 271	23	Helical; Potential
	Topological domain	272 – 291	20	Cytoplasmic Potential
	Transmembrane	292 – 311	20	Helical; Potential
	Topological domain	312 – 328	17	Lumenal, vesicle Potential
	Transmembrane	329 – 352	24	Helical; Potential
	Topological domain	353 – 357	5	Cytoplasmic Potential
	Transmembrane	358 – 378	21	Helical; Potential
	Topological domain	379 – 389	11	Lumenal, vesicle Potential
	Transmembrane	390 – 410	21	Helical; Potential
	Topological domain	411 – 414	4	Cytoplasmic Potential
	Transmembrane	415 – 435	21	Helical; Potential
	Topological domain	436 – 440	5	Lumenal, vesicle Potential
	Transmembrane	441 – 462	22	Helical; Potential
	Topological domain	463 – 514	52	Cytoplasmic Potential
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	511	1	Phosphoserine By similarity
	Modified residue	513	1	Phosphoserine By similarity
	Glycosylation	84	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
	Glycosylation	91	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
	Disulfide bond	117 ↔ 324		Ref.10
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	17	1	R → H in CAA50489. Ref.4
	Sequence conflict	302	1	C → S in AAA59877. Ref.1
	Sequence conflict	354	1	K → T in AAA59877. Ref.1
	Sequence conflict	378	1	A → P in AAA59877. Ref.1
	Sequence conflict	395	1	I → N in AAA59877. Ref.1

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Q05940 [UniParc]. Last modified October 1, 1996. Version 2. Checksum: 42EA91A225485DB2	FASTA	514	55,713
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MALSELALVR WLQESRRSRK LILFIVFLAL LLDNMLLTVV VPIIPSYLYS IKHEKNATEI 70 80 90 100 110 120 QTARPVHTAS ISDSFQSIFS YYDNSTMVTG NATRDLTLHQ TATQHMVTNA SAVPSDCPSE 130 140 150 160 170 180 DKDLLNENVQ VGLLFASKAT VQLITNPFIG LLTNRIGYPI PIFAGFCIMF VSTIMFAFSS 190 200 210 220 230 240 SYAFLLIARS LQGIGSSCSS VAGMGMLASV YTDDEERGNV MGIALGGLAM GVLVGPPFGS 250 260 270 280 290 300 VLYEFVGKTA PFLVLAALVL LDGAIQLFVL QPSRVQPESQ KGTPLTTLLK DPYILIAAGS 310 320 330 340 350 360 ICFANMGIAM LEPALPIWMM ETMCSRKWQL GVAFLPASIS YLIGTNIFGI LAHKMGRWLC 370 380 390 400 410 420 ALLGMIIVGV SILCIPFAKN IYGLIAPNFG VGFAIGMVDS SMMPIMGYLV DLRHVSVYGS 430 440 450 460 470 480 VYAIADVAFC MGYAIGPSAG GAIAKAIGFP WLMTIIGIID ILFAPLCFFL RSPPAKEEKM 490 500 510 AILMDHNCPI KTKMYTQNNI QSYPIGEDEE SESD

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"A human synaptic vesicle monoamine transporter cDNA predicts posttranslational modifications, reveals chromosome 10 gene localization and identifies TaqI RFLPs." Surratt C.K., Persico A.M., Yang X.D., Edgar S.R., Bird G.S., Hawkins A.L., Griffin C.A., Li X., Jabs E.W., Uhl G.R. FEBS Lett. 318:325-330(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
[2]	"Functional identification and molecular cloning of a human brain vesicle monoamine transporter." Erickson J.D., Eiden L.E. J. Neurochem. 61:2314-2317(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
[3]	"Chromosomal localization of the human vesicular amine transporter genes." Peter D., Finn J.P., Klisak I., Liu Y., Kojis T., Heinzmann C., Roghani A., Sparkes R.S., Edwards R.H. Genomics 18:720-723(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Substantia nigra.
[4]	"Extensive sequence divergence between the human and rat brain vesicular monoamine transporter: possible molecular basis for species differences in the susceptibility to MPP+." Lesch K.P., Gross J., Wolozin B.L., Murphy D.L., Riederer P. J. Neural Transm. 93:75-82(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Brain.
[5]	"Exon/intron boundaries, novel polymorphisms, and association analysis with schizophrenia of the human synaptic vesicle monoamine transporter (SVMT) gene." Kunugi H., Ishida S., Akahane A., Nanko S. Mol. Psychiatry 6:456-460(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[6]	"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. , Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S. Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Uterus.
[7]	"The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10." Deloukas P., Earthrowl M.E., Grafham D.V., Rubenfield M., French L., Steward C.A., Sims S.K., Jones M.C., Searle S., Scott C., Howe K., Hunt S.E., Andrews T.D., Gilbert J.G.R., Swarbreck D., Ashurst J.L., Taylor A., Battles J. , Bird C.P., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ashwell R.I.S., Ambrose K.D., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Bailey J., Banerjee R., Bates K., Beasley H., Bray-Allen S., Brown A.J., Brown J.Y., Burford D.C., Burrill W., Burton J., Cahill P., Camire D., Carter N.P., Chapman J.C., Clark S.Y., Clarke G., Clee C.M., Clegg S., Corby N., Coulson A., Dhami P., Dutta I., Dunn M., Faulkner L., Frankish A., Frankland J.A., Garner P., Garnett J., Gribble S., Griffiths C., Grocock R., Gustafson E., Hammond S., Harley J.L., Hart E., Heath P.D., Ho T.P., Hopkins B., Horne J., Howden P.J., Huckle E., Hynds C., Johnson C., Johnson D., Kana A., Kay M., Kimberley A.M., Kershaw J.K., Kokkinaki M., Laird G.K., Lawlor S., Lee H.M., Leongamornlert D.A., Laird G., Lloyd C., Lloyd D.M., Loveland J., Lovell J., McLaren S., McLay K.E., McMurray A., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., Matthews L., Milne S., Nickerson T., Nguyen M., Overton-Larty E., Palmer S.A., Pearce A.V., Peck A.I., Pelan S., Phillimore B., Porter K., Rice C.M., Rogosin A., Ross M.T., Sarafidou T., Sehra H.K., Shownkeen R., Skuce C.D., Smith M., Standring L., Sycamore N., Tester J., Thorpe A., Torcasso W., Tracey A., Tromans A., Tsolas J., Wall M., Walsh J., Wang H., Weinstock K., West A.P., Willey D.L., Whitehead S.L., Wilming L., Wray P.W., Young L., Chen Y., Lovering R.C., Moschonas N.K., Siebert R., Fechtel K., Bentley D., Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Doucette-Stamm L., Beck S., Smith D.R., Rogers J. Nature 429:375-381(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[8]	Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. , Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C. Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[9]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
[10]	"Identification of human vesicle monoamine transporter (VMAT2) lumenal cysteines that form an intramolecular disulfide bond." Thiriot D.S., Sievert M.K., Ruoho A.E. Biochemistry 41:6346-6353(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: DISULFIDE BOND.
[11]	"Phosphoproteome of resting human platelets." Zahedi R.P., Lewandrowski U., Wiesner J., Wortelkamp S., Moebius J., Schuetz C., Walter U., Gambaryan S., Sickmann A. J. Proteome Res. 7:526-534(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. Tissue: Platelet.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Web resources

Wikipedia

Vesicular monoamine transporter entry

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	L09118 mRNA. Translation: AAA59877.1. L23205 mRNA. Translation: AAA61290.1. L14269 mRNA. Translation: AAA91853.1. X71354 mRNA. Translation: CAA50489.1. AB044401 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB19009.1. Sequence problems. AK314997 mRNA. Translation: BAG37493.1. AL391988, AL731557 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAH70348.1. AL731557, AL391988 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI14828.1. CH471066 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW49428.1. CH471066 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW49429.1. BC108927 mRNA. Translation: AAI08928.1. BC108928 mRNA. Translation: AAI08929.1.
IPI	IPI00016759.
PIR	A49368. S29810.
RefSeq	NP_003045.2. NM_003054.4.
UniGene	Hs.596992.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	Q05940.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRING	9606.ENSP00000298472.
Protein family/group databases
TCDB	2.A.1.2.29. major facilitator superfamily (MFS).
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	Q05940.
Polymorphism databases
DMDM	1722742.
Proteomic databases
PaxDb	Q05940.
PRIDE	Q05940.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000298472; ENSP00000298472; ENSG00000165646.
GeneID	6571.
KEGG	hsa:6571.
UCSC	uc001ldd.2. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	6571.
GeneCards	GC10P119000.
H-InvDB	HIX0035636.
HGNC	HGNC:10935. SLC18A2.
HPA	HPA016856.
MIM	193001. gene.
neXtProt	NX_Q05940.
PharmGKB	PA325.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	NOG255549.
HOGENOM	HOG000018545.
HOVERGEN	HBG055082.
InParanoid	Q05940.
KO	K08155.
OMA	TNRIGYQ.
OrthoDB	EOG4DR9C5.
PhylomeDB	Q05940.
Enzyme and pathway databases
Reactome	REACT_13685. Neuronal System. REACT_15518. Transmembrane transport of small molecules. REACT_20679. Amine compound SLC transporters.
Gene expression databases
Bgee	Q05940.
CleanEx	HS_SLC18A2.
Genevestigator	Q05940.
GermOnline	ENSG00000165646. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR011701. MFS. IPR020846. MFS_dom. IPR016196. MFS_dom_general_subst_transpt. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF07690. MFS_1. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SUPFAM	SSF103473. MFS_gen_substrate_transporter. 1 hit.
PROSITE	PS50850. MFS. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
BindingDB	Q05940.
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1893.
DrugBank	DB00386. Alseroxylon. DB00206. Reserpine. DB04844. Tetrabenazine.
GenomeRNAi	6571.
NextBio	25567.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

VMAT2_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: Q05940
Secondary accession number(s): B2RC96 , D3DRC4, Q15876, Q5VW49, Q9H3P6

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	October 1, 1994
Last sequence update:	October 1, 1996
Last modified:	April 3, 2013
This is version 124 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.