Q05682 (CALD1_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
January 25, 2012.
Version 114.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Caldesmon Short name=CDM | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 793 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Actin- and myosin-binding protein implicated in the regulation of actomyosin interactions in smooth muscle and nonmuscle cells (could act as a bridge between myosin and actin filaments). Stimulates actin binding of tropomyosin which increases the stabilization of actin filament structure. In muscle tissues, inhibits the actomyosin ATPase by binding to F-actin. This inhibition is attenuated by calcium-calmodulin and is potentiated by tropomyosin. Interacts with actin, myosin, two molecules of tropomyosin and with calmodulin. Also play an essential role during cellular mitosis and receptor capping. Involved in Schwann cell migration during peripheral nerve regeneration By similarity. Ref.6 |
| Subcellular location | Cytoplasm › cytoskeleton By similarity. Cytoplasm › myofibril By similarity. Note: On thin filaments in smooth muscle and on stress fibers in fibroblasts (nonmuscle) By similarity. |
| Tissue specificity | High-molecular-weight caldesmon (isoform 1) is predominantly expressed in smooth muscles, whereas low-molecular-weight caldesmon (isoforms 2, 3, 4 and 5) are widely distributed in non-muscle tissues and cells. Not expressed in skeletal muscle or heart. |
| Domain | The N-terminal part seems to be a myosin/calmodulin-binding domain, and the C-terminal a tropomyosin/actin/calmodulin-binding domain. These two domains are separated by a central helical region in the smooth-muscle form. |
| Post-translational modification | In non-muscle cells, phosphorylation by CDK1 during mitosis causes caldesmon to dissociate from microfilaments. Phosphorylation reduces caldesmon binding to actin, myosin, and calmodulin as well as its inhibition of actomyosin ATPase activity. Phosphorylation also occurs in both quiescent and dividing smooth muscle cells with similar effects on the interaction with actin and calmodulin and on microfilaments reorganization. CDK1-mediated phosphorylation promotes Schwann cell migration during peripheral nerve regeneration By similarity. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the caldesmon family. |
Ontologies
| Keywords | |
|---|---|
| Cellular component | Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton |
| Coding sequence diversity | Alternative splicing Polymorphism |
| Domain | Repeat |
| Ligand | Actin-binding Calmodulin-binding |
| Molecular function | Muscle protein |
| PTM | Phosphoprotein |
| Technical term | Complete proteome Reference proteome |
| Gene Ontology (GO) | |
| Biological process | cellular component movement Traceable author statement. Source: UniProtKB muscle contractionTraceable author statement. Source: Reactome |
| Cellular component | cytosol Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome myofibrilInferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell plasma membraneInferred from direct assay. Source: HPA |
| Molecular function | actin binding Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc calmodulin bindingTraceable author statement. Source: ProtInc myosin bindingInferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro tropomyosin bindingTraceable author statement. Source: ProtInc |
| Complete GO annotation... | |
Alternative products
| This entry describes 5 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform 1 (identifier: Q05682-1) Also known as: H-CAD; This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform 2 (identifier: Q05682-2) Also known as: WI-38 L-CAD I; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 208-436: Missing. | ||||||
| Isoform 3 (identifier: Q05682-3) Also known as: HELA L-CAD I; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-24: MDDFERRRELRRQKREEMRLEAER → MLGGSGSHGRRSLAALSQ 208-436: Missing. | ||||||
| Isoform 4 (identifier: Q05682-4) Also known as: WI-38 L-CAD II; 1-CAD; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 208-462: Missing. | ||||||
| Isoform 5 (identifier: Q05682-5) Also known as: HELA L-CAD II; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-24: MDDFERRRELRRQKREEMRLEAER → MLGGSGSHGRRSLAALSQ 208-462: Missing. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 793 | 793 | Caldesmon | PRO_0000089288 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Repeat | 319 – 332 | 14 | 1 | ||||||
| Repeat | 333 – 346 | 14 | 2 | ||||||
| Repeat | 347 – 360 | 14 | 3 | ||||||
| Region | 26 – 207 | 182 | Myosin and calmodulin-binding By similarity | ||||||
| Region | 319 – 375 | 57 | 3 X 14 AA tandem repeats of E-E-E-K-R-A-A-E-E-R-Q-R-I-K | ||||||
| Region | 564 – 621 | 58 | Tropomyosin-binding Potential | ||||||
| Region | 653 – 686 | 34 | Strong actin-binding By similarity | ||||||
| Region | 664 – 674 | 11 | Tropomyosin-binding Potential | ||||||
| Region | 716 – 722 | 7 | Calmodulin-binding By similarity | ||||||
| Region | 768 – 793 | 26 | Weak actin-binding By similarity | ||||||
| Compositional bias | 39 – 46 | 8 | Poly-Arg | ||||||
| Compositional bias | 81 – 86 | 6 | Poly-Thr | ||||||
| Compositional bias | 189 – 196 | 8 | Poly-Glu | ||||||
| Compositional bias | 376 – 379 | 4 | Poly-Glu | ||||||
| Compositional bias | 540 – 543 | 4 | Poly-Arg | ||||||
| Compositional bias | 580 – 583 | 4 | Poly-Glu | ||||||
| Compositional bias | 597 – 600 | 4 | Poly-Glu | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 27 | 1 | Phosphotyrosine Ref.7 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 202 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.7 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 518 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.9 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 656 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.8 Ref.10 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 682 | 1 | Phosphotyrosine Ref.12 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 723 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.8 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 724 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.10 Ref.11 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 726 | 1 | Phosphothreonine Ref.11 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 730 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by CDK1 By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 735 | 1 | Phosphothreonine Ref.10 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 753 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by CDK1 By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 759 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.7 Ref.9 Ref.10 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 765 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.9 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 789 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.10 | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 24 | 24 | MDDFE…LEAER → MLGGSGSHGRRSLAALSQ in isoform 3 and isoform 5. | VSP_004154 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 208 – 462 | 255 | Missing in isoform 4 and isoform 5. | VSP_004156 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 208 – 436 | 229 | Missing in isoform 2 and isoform 3. | VSP_004155 | |||||
| Natural variant | 397 | 1 | H → R. Ref.2 Corresponds to variant rs6973420 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_065254 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 530 | 1 | V → M in AAA35636. Ref.1 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Characterization of cDNA clones encoding a human fibroblast caldesmon isoform and analysis of caldesmon expression in normal and transformed cells." Novy R.E., Lin J.L.-C., Lin J.J.-C. J. Biol. Chem. 266:16917-16924(1991) [PubMed: 1885618] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 4). Tissue: Lung fibroblast. |
| [2] | "Cloning of cDNAs encoding human caldesmons." Humphrey M.B., Herrera-Sosa H., Gonzalez G., Lee R., Bryan J. Gene 112:197-204(1992) [PubMed: 1555769] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 4), VARIANT ARG-397. Tissue: Aorta. |
| [3] | "Genomic structure of the human caldesmon gene." Hayashi K., Yano H., Hashida T., Takeuchi R., Takeda O., Asada K., Takahashi E., Kato I., Sobue K. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89:12122-12126(1992) [PubMed: 1465449] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 2; 3 AND 5). |
| [4] | "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7." Hillier L.W., Fulton R.S., Fulton L.A., Graves T.A., Pepin K.H., Wagner-McPherson C., Layman D., Maas J., Jaeger S., Walker R., Wylie K., Sekhon M., Becker M.C., O'Laughlin M.D., Schaller M.E., Fewell G.A., Delehaunty K.D., Miner T.L. Wilson R.K.Nature 424:157-164(2003) [PubMed: 12853948] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [5] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 4). Tissue: Skin. |
| [6] | "Identification of functioning regulatory sites and a new myosin binding site in the C-terminal 288 amino acids of caldesmon expressed from a human clone." Huber P.A.J., Redwood C.S., Avent N.D., Tanner M.J.A., Marston S.B. J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil. 14:385-391(1993) [PubMed: 8227296] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 497-793, FUNCTION. Tissue: Fetal liver. |
| [7] | "Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks." Olsen J.V., Blagoev B., Gnad F., Macek B., Kumar C., Mortensen P., Mann M. Cell 127:635-648(2006) [PubMed: 17081983] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT TYR-27; SER-202; SER-724; THR-730 AND SER-759, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [8] | "Improved titanium dioxide enrichment of phosphopeptides from HeLa cells and high confident phosphopeptide identification by cross-validation of MS/MS and MS/MS/MS spectra." Yu L.-R., Zhu Z., Chan K.C., Issaq H.J., Dimitrov D.S., Veenstra T.D. J. Proteome Res. 6:4150-4162(2007) [PubMed: 17924679] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-656; SER-723; SER-724 AND THR-730, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [9] | "Global proteomic profiling of phosphopeptides using electron transfer dissociation tandem mass spectrometry." Molina H., Horn D.M., Tang N., Mathivanan S., Pandey A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:2199-2204(2007) [PubMed: 17287340] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-518; SER-759 AND SER-765, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Embryonic kidney. |
| [10] | "A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation." Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed: 18669648] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-656; SER-724; THR-730; THR-735; THR-753; SER-759 AND SER-789, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [11] | "Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach." Gauci S., Helbig A.O., Slijper M., Krijgsveld J., Heck A.J., Mohammed S. Anal. Chem. 81:4493-4501(2009) [PubMed: 19413330] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-724; THR-726 AND THR-730, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Embryonic kidney. |
| [12] | "An extensive survey of tyrosine phosphorylation revealing new sites in human mammary epithelial cells." Heibeck T.H., Ding S.-J., Opresko L.K., Zhao R., Schepmoes A.A., Yang F., Tolmachev A.V., Monroe M.E., Camp D.G. II, Smith R.D., Wiley H.S., Qian W.-J. J. Proteome Res. 8:3852-3861(2009) [PubMed: 19534553] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT TYR-682, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Mammary epithelium. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | M64110 mRNA. Translation: AAA35636.1. M83216 mRNA. Translation: AAA58420.1. M83216 mRNA. Translation: AAA58419.1. D90452 mRNA. Translation: BAA14418.1. D90453 mRNA. Translation: BAA14419.1. AC019014 Genomic DNA. No translation available. AC083870 Genomic DNA. No translation available. BC040354 mRNA. Translation: AAH40354.1. |
| IPI | IPI00014516. IPI00218694. IPI00218695. IPI00333771. IPI01013595. |
| PIR | JH0628. |
| RefSeq | NP_004333.1. NM_004342.6. NP_149129.2. NM_033138.3. NP_149130.1. NM_033139.3. NP_149131.1. NM_033140.3. |
| UniGene | Hs.490203. |
3D structure databases | |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| IntAct | Q05682. 6 interactions. |
| STRING | Q05682. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | Q05682. |
Polymorphism databases | |
| DMDM | 2498204. |
2D gel databases | |
| OGP | Q05682. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PRIDE | Q05682. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000361675; ENSP00000354826; ENSG00000122786. |
| GeneID | 800. |
| KEGG | hsa:800. |
| UCSC | uc003vrz.1. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 800. |
| GeneCards | GC07P134429. |
| H-InvDB | HIX0007104. |
| HGNC | HGNC:1441. CALD1. |
| HPA | CAB000006. HPA008066. HPA017330. |
| MIM | 114213. gene. |
| neXtProt | NX_Q05682. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | prNOG10813. |
| HOGENOM | HBG278755. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG050785. |
| InParanoid | Q05682. |
| PhylomeDB | Q05682. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| Reactome | REACT_17044. Muscle contraction. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | Q05682. |
| Bgee | Q05682. |
| CleanEx | HS_CAD. HS_CALD1. |
| Genevestigator | Q05682. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000122786. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR006017. Caldesmon. IPR006018. Caldesmon_LSP. [Graphical view] |
| KO | K12327. |
| Pfam | PF02029. Caldesmon. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PRINTS | PR01076. CALDESMON. |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| NextBio | 3252. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | CALD1_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q05682 Secondary accession number(s): Q13978 Q9UD91 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 7 Human chromosome 7: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

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