Q05512 (MARK2_MOUSE) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 134.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Serine/threonine-protein kinase MARK2 EC=2.7.11.1 EC=2.7.11.26 Alternative name(s): ELKL motif kinase 1 Short name=EMK-1 MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 2 PAR1 homolog PAR1 homolog b Short name=Par-1b Short name=mPar-1b | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Mus musculus (Mouse) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 10090 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Sciurognathi › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Mus › Mus![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 776 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in cell polarity and microtubule dynamics regulation. Phosphorylates CRTC2/TORC2, DCX, HDAC7, KIF13B, MAP2, MAP4, MAPT/TAU and RAB11FIP2. Plays a key role in cell polarity by phosphorylating the microtubule-associated proteins MAP2, MAP4 and MAPT/TAU at KXGS motifs, causing detachment from microtubules, and their disassembly. Regulates epithelial cell polarity by phosphorylating RAB11FIP2. Involved in the regulation of neuronal migration through its dual activities in regulating cellular polarity and microtubule dynamics, possibly by phosphorylating and regulating DCX. Regulates axogenesis by phosphorylating KIF13B, promoting interaction between KIF13B and 14-3-3 and inhibiting microtubule-dependent accumulation of KIF13B. Also required for neurite outgrowth and establishment of neuronal polarity. Regulates localization and activity of some histone deacetylases by mediating phosphorylation of HDAC7, promoting subsequent interaction between HDAC7 and 14-3-3 and export from the nucleus. Also acts as a positive regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, probably by mediating phosphorylation of dishevelled proteins (DVL1, DVL2 and/or DVL3). Modulates the developmental decision to build a columnar versus a hepatic epithelial cell apparently by promoting a switch from a direct to a transcytotic mode of apical protein delivery. Essential for the asymmetric development of membrane domains of polarized epithelial cells By similarity. |
| Catalytic activity | ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. ATP + [tau protein] = ADP + [tau protein] phosphate. |
| Cofactor | Magnesium By similarity. |
| Enzyme regulation | Inhibited by PAK7/PAK5; inhibition is independent of the kinase activity of PAK7/PAK5. Activated by phosphorylation on Thr-208. Inhibited by phosphorylation at Ser-212 and Thr-593. Inhibited by hymenialdisine By similarity. |
| Subunit structure | Homodimer. Interacts with PAK7/PAK5; leading to inhibit the protein kinase activity By similarity. Interacts (when phosphorylated at Thr-593) with YWHAZ. Interacts with PAK7/PAK5 By similarity. |
| Subcellular location | Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein By similarity. Cytoplasm By similarity. Note: Phosphorylation at Thr-593 by PRKCZ/aPKC and subsequent interaction with 14-3-3 protein YWHAZ promotes relocation from the cell membrane to the cytoplasm By similarity. |
| Tissue specificity | Highly expressed in adult kidney and testis, lower levels in heart, brain, spleen, lung and liver. Expressed in the head and neural fold in 8 dpc embryos, the limb buds, telencephalic vesicles, eyes, branchial archs and heart at 11.5 dpc, the ectoderm at 13 dpc and epiderm, hair and whisker follicles at 15 dpc. Ref.4 |
| Domain | The UBA domain does not seem to bind ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like and might play a role in regulating the enzyme conformation and localization. Activation of the kinase activity following phosphorylation at Thr-208 is accompanied by a conformational change that alters the orientation of the UBA domain with respect to the catalytic domain By similarity. The KA1 domain mediates binding to phospholipids and targeting to membranes By similarity. |
| Post-translational modification | Autophosphorylated. Phosphorylated at Thr-208 by STK11/LKB1 in complex with STE20-related adapter-alpha (STRADA) pseudo kinase and CAB39. Phosphorylation at Thr-208 by TAOK1 activates the kinase activity, leading to phosphorylation and detachment of MAPT/TAU from microtubules. Phosphorylation at Ser-212 by GSK3-beta (GSK3B) inhibits the kinase activity. Phosphorylation by CaMK1 promotes activity and is required to promote neurite outgrowth. Phosphorylation at Thr-593 by PRKCZ/aPKC in polarized epithelial cells inhibits the kinase activity and promotes binding to 14-3-3 protein YWHAZ, leading to relocation from cell membrane to cytoplasm By similarity. |
| Disruption phenotype | Mice have no embryonic defect and are viable. They do not display obvious neuronal phenotype, possibly due to genetic redundancy with Mark1, Mark3 and Mark4. They however show an overall proportionate dwarfism and a peculiar hypofertility: homozygotes are not fertile when intercrossed, but are fertile in other types of crosses. They also show immune-cell dysfunction. As mice age, they develop splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and lymphocytic infiltrates in the lungs, parotid glands and kidneys. Moreover, mice are lean, insulin hypersensitive, resistant to high-fat-diet-induced weight gain, and hypermetabolic. Ref.4 Ref.5 Ref.9 |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. SNF1 subfamily. Contains 1 KA1 (kinase-associated) domain. Contains 1 protein kinase domain. Contains 1 UBA domain. |
| Sequence caution | The sequence BAC32312.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Frameshift at position 772. |
Ontologies
Alternative products
| This entry describes 4 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform 1 (identifier: Q05512-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform 2 (identifier: Q05512-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 321-339: PDYKDPRRTELMVSMGYTR → LTTGPRDRVDGVNGLHT | ||||||
| Note: No experimental confirmation available. | ||||||
| Isoform 3 (identifier: Q05512-3) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 502-555: Missing. | ||||||
| Note: No experimental confirmation available. | ||||||
| Isoform 4 (identifier: Q05512-4) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 502-555: Missing. 640-640: V → VRRNLSFRFA | ||||||
| Note: No experimental confirmation available. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 776 | 776 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase MARK2 | PRO_0000086302 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Domain | 53 – 304 | 252 | Protein kinase | ||||||
| Domain | 323 – 362 | 40 | UBA | ||||||
| Domain | 727 – 776 | 50 | KA1 | ||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 59 – 67 | 9 | ATP By similarity | ||||||
Sites | |||||||||
| Active site | 175 | 1 | Proton acceptor By similarity | ||||||
| Binding site | 82 | 1 | ATP By similarity | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 40 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.10 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 58 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by autocatalysis By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 91 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by CaMK1 By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 92 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by CaMK1 By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 93 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by CaMK1 By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 208 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by LKB1 and TAOK1 Ref.7 Ref.8 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 212 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by GSK3-beta By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 274 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by autocatalysis By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 275 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by autocatalysis By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 294 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by CaMK1 By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 409 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 453 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.7 Ref.11 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 483 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.6 Ref.10 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 490 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 566 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 568 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.8 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 592 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.10 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 593 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by PKC/PRKCZ By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 616 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 710 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 321 – 339 | 19 | PDYKD…MGYTR → LTTGPRDRVDGVNGLHT in isoform 2. | VSP_013341 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 502 – 555 | 54 | Missing in isoform 3 and isoform 4. | VSP_013342 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 640 | 1 | V → VRRNLSFRFA in isoform 4. | VSP_022597 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 161 – 162 | 2 | SA → LH in CAA50040. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 368 | 1 | L → P in CAA50040. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 760 | 1 | S → Y in BAC32312. Ref.2 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Emk, a protein kinase with homologs in yeast maps to mouse chromosome 19." Inglis J.D., Lee M., Hill R.E. Mamm. Genome 4:401-403(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2). Tissue: Embryo. |
| [2] | "The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome." Carninci P., Kasukawa T., Katayama S., Gough J., Frith M.C., Maeda N., Oyama R., Ravasi T., Lenhard B., Wells C., Kodzius R., Shimokawa K., Bajic V.B., Brenner S.E., Batalov S., Forrest A.R., Zavolan M., Davis M.J. Hayashizaki Y.Science 309:1559-1563(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 4). Strain: NOD. Tissue: Spleen. |
| [3] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 3). Strain: 129. Tissue: Mammary gland. |
| [4] | "EMK protein kinase-null mice: dwarfism and hypofertility associated with alterations in the somatotrope and prolactin pathways." Bessone S., Vidal F., Le Bouc Y., Epelbaum J., Bluet-Pajot M.T., Darmon M. Dev. Biol. 214:87-101(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE. |
| [5] | "Immune system dysfunction and autoimmune disease in mice lacking Emk (Par-1) protein kinase." Hurov J.B., Stappenbeck T.S., Zmasek C.M., White L.S., Ranganath S.H., Russell J.H., Chan A.C., Murphy K.M., Piwnica-Worms H. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21:3206-3219(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE. |
| [6] | "Comprehensive identification of phosphorylation sites in postsynaptic density preparations." Trinidad J.C., Specht C.G., Thalhammer A., Schoepfer R., Burlingame A.L. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 5:914-922(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-483, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Brain. |
| [7] | "Qualitative and quantitative analyses of protein phosphorylation in naive and stimulated mouse synaptosomal preparations." Munton R.P., Tweedie-Cullen R., Livingstone-Zatchej M., Weinandy F., Waidelich M., Longo D., Gehrig P., Potthast F., Rutishauser D., Gerrits B., Panse C., Schlapbach R., Mansuy I.M. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 6:283-293(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-208 AND SER-453, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Brain cortex. |
| [8] | "Large-scale phosphorylation analysis of mouse liver." Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Gerber S.A., Gygi S.P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:1488-1493(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-208 AND SER-568, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Liver. |
| [9] | "Loss of the Par-1b/MARK2 polarity kinase leads to increased metabolic rate, decreased adiposity, and insulin hypersensitivity in vivo." Hurov J.B., Huang M., White L.S., Lennerz J., Choi C.S., Cho Y.R., Kim H.J., Prior J.L., Piwnica-Worms D., Cantley L.C., Kim J.K., Shulman G.I., Piwnica-Worms H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:5680-5685(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE. |
| [10] | "Solid tumor proteome and phosphoproteome analysis by high resolution mass spectrometry." Zanivan S., Gnad F., Wickstroem S.A., Geiger T., Macek B., Cox J., Faessler R., Mann M. J. Proteome Res. 7:5314-5326(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-40; SER-483 AND SER-592, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Melanoma. |
| [11] | "The phagosomal proteome in interferon-gamma-activated macrophages." Trost M., English L., Lemieux S., Courcelles M., Desjardins M., Thibault P. Immunity 30:143-154(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-453, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Macrophage. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | X70764 mRNA. Translation: CAA50040.1. AK045329 mRNA. Translation: BAC32312.1. Frameshift. AK172444 mRNA. Translation: BAE43007.1. BC058556 mRNA. Translation: AAH58556.1. |
| IPI | IPI00111754. IPI00554855. IPI00554871. IPI00762727. |
| PIR | I48609. |
| RefSeq | NP_001073857.1. NM_001080388.1. NP_001073858.1. NM_001080389.1. NP_001073859.1. NM_001080390.1. NP_031954.2. NM_007928.2. |
| UniGene | Mm.258986. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | Q05512. |
| SMR | Q05512. Positions 13-363, 677-776. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| IntAct | Q05512. 3 interactions. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | Q05512. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | Q05512. |
| PRIDE | Q05512. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENSMUST00000032557; ENSMUSP00000032557; ENSMUSG00000024969. ENSMUST00000164205; ENSMUSP00000127827; ENSMUSG00000024969. |
| GeneID | 13728. |
| KEGG | mmu:13728. |
| UCSC | uc008gkr.1. mouse. uc008gks.1. mouse. uc008gkt.1. mouse. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 2011. |
| MGI | MGI:99638. Mark2. |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | COG0515. |
| GeneTree | ENSGT00690000101885. |
| HOGENOM | HOG000233025. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG052453. |
| InParanoid | Q05512. |
| KO | K08798. |
| OrthoDB | EOG4C2H8X. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | Q05512. |
| Bgee | Q05512. |
| CleanEx | MM_MARK2. |
| Genevestigator | Q05512. |
| GermOnline | ENSMUSG00000024969. Mus musculus. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR001772. KA1_dom. IPR011009. Kinase-like_dom. IPR000719. Prot_kinase_cat_dom. IPR017441. Protein_kinase_ATP_BS. IPR002290. Ser/Thr_dual-sp_kinase_dom. IPR008271. Ser/Thr_kinase_AS. IPR015940. UBA/transl_elong_EF1B_N_euk. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF02149. KA1. 1 hit. PF00069. Pkinase. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SMART | SM00220. S_TKc. 1 hit. SM00165. UBA. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SUPFAM | SSF103243. Kinase-assoc_KA1. 1 hit. SSF56112. Kinase_like. 1 hit. |
| PROSITE | PS50032. KA1. 1 hit. PS00107. PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP. 1 hit. PS50011. PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM. 1 hit. PS00108. PROTEIN_KINASE_ST. 1 hit. PS50030. UBA. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| NextBio | 284516. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | MARK2_MOUSE | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q05512 Secondary accession number(s): Q3T9L3, Q6PDR4, Q8BR95 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human and mouse protein kinases Human and mouse protein kinases: classification and index |
| MGD cross-references Mouse Genome Database (MGD) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
