Q02936 (HH_DROME) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
April 3, 2013.
Version 151.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Protein hedgehog Cleaved into the following 2 chains:
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| Gene names |
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| Organism | Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 7227 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Ecdysozoa › Arthropoda › Hexapoda › Insecta › Pterygota › Neoptera › Endopterygota › Diptera › Brachycera › Muscomorpha › Ephydroidea › Drosophilidae › Drosophila › Sophophora › ![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 471 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Intercellular signal essential for a variety of patterning events during development. Establishes the anterior-posterior axis of the embryonic segments and patterns the larval imaginal disks. Binds to the patched (ptc) receptor, which functions in association with smoothened (smo), to activate the transcription of target genes wingless (wg), decapentaplegic (dpp) and ptc. In the absence of hh, ptc represses the constitutive signaling activity of smo through fused (fu). Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.4 Ref.8 The hedgehog protein N-product constitutes the active species in both local and long-range signaling, whereas the C-terminal product has no signaling activity. It acts as a morphogen, and diffuses long distances despite its lipidation. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix play an essential role in diffusion. Lipophorin is required for diffusion, probably by acting as vehicle for its movement, explaining how it can spread over long distances despite its lipidation. Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.4 Ref.8 The hedgehog protein C-product, which mediates the autocatalytic activity, has no signaling activity. Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.4 Ref.8 |
| Subunit structure | Interacts with shf. Ref.11 |
| Subcellular location | Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Note: Nuclear up to embryonic stage 10 and then at stage 11 shifts to the cytoplasm. Also secreted in either cleaved or uncleaved form to mediate signaling to other cells. Ref.3 Protein hedgehog N-product: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Extracellular side. Note: The N-terminal peptide remains associated with the cell surface. Ref.3 Protein hedgehog C-product: Secreted › extracellular space. Note: The C-terminal peptide diffuses from the cell. Ref.3 |
| Tissue specificity | In embryos, expression starts at stage 5 as a few stripes at the anterior and posterior ends, this expands to 17 stripes during stages 8-11. Expression is also seen in CNS and some PNS cells until stage 13-14, and in foregut, hindgut and salivary glands. In larvae, expression is seen in the posterior compartment of the wing imaginal disk. Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.3 Ref.4 |
| Developmental stage | Expressed in embryos, larvae and pupae at high levels with maximum expression in 6-12 hours embryos and 0-24 hours pupae. Low levels of expression are seen in adults. Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.3 Ref.4 |
| Post-translational modification | The C-terminal domain displays autoproteolytic activity. Cleavage of the full-length hedgehog protein is followed by the covalent attachment of a cholesterol moiety to the C-terminus of the newly generated N-terminal fragment (N-product). Cholesterol attachment plays an essential role in restricting the spatial distribution of hedgehog activity to the cell surface. N-terminal palmitoylation of the hedgehog N-product is required for the embryonic and larval patterning activities of the hedgehog signal. Rasp acts within the secretory pathway to catalyze the N-terminal palmitoylation of Hh. Ref.9 |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the hedgehog family. |
| Mass spectrometry | Molecular mass is 20238.44 Da from positions 85 - 257. Determined by MALDI. Ref.9 |
| Sequence caution | The sequence AAA28604.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Frameshift at positions 21 and 48. |
Ontologies
Alternative products
| This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform Long (identifier: Q02936-1) Also known as: A; B; This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform Short (identifier: Q02936-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 161-192: RCKEKLNVLAYSVMNEWPGIRLLVTESWDEDY → VRKTLKHRKLVTKFVIHHWESFAYRNHCDKVT 193-471: Missing. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Molecule processing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Signal peptide | 1 – ? | Potential | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Propeptide | ? – 84 | Potential | PRO_0000383048 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chain | 85 – 471 | 387 | Protein hedgehog | PRO_0000013202 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chain | 85 – 257 | 173 | Protein hedgehog N-product | PRO_0000013203 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chain | 258 – 471 | 214 | Protein hedgehog C-product | PRO_0000013204 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Regions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compositional bias | 5 – 41 | 37 | Ser-rich | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sites | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Site | 257 – 258 | 2 | Cleavage; by autolysis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Site | 303 | 1 | Involved in cholesterol transfer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Site | 326 | 1 | Involved in auto-cleavage | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Site | 329 | 1 | Essential for auto-cleavage | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amino acid modifications | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lipidation | 85 | 1 | N-palmitoyl cysteine Ref.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lipidation | 257 | 1 | Cholesterol glycine ester | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Natural variations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 161 – 192 | 32 | RCKEK…WDEDY → VRKTLKHRKLVTKFVIHHWE SFAYRNHCDKVT in isoform Short. | VSP_002065 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 193 – 471 | 279 | Missing in isoform Short. | VSP_002066 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Experimental info | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 85 | 1 | C → S: N-product is made but fails to undergo palmitoylation. Ref.8 Ref.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 303 | 1 | D → A: No cholesterol transfer. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 326 | 1 | T → A: Greatly reduced autoprocessing activity. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 329 | 1 | H → A: No autoprocessing activity. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 156 | 1 | R → G in AAA28604. Ref.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 347 | 1 | D → H in AAA28604. Ref.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 373 | 1 | V → L in AAA28604. Ref.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 407 | 1 | Q → P in Z11840. Ref.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary structure | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Helix Strand Turn | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 107 – 111 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turn | 116 – 119 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 131 – 135 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 144 – 146 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 160 – 176 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 182 – 188 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 199 – 202 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 205 – 210 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 215 – 217 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 218 – 228 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 231 – 234 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 241 – 244 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 264 – 267 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 272 – 274 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 275 – 277 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 283 – 287 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 293 – 317 | 25 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 322 – 325 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 330 – 335 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turn | 336 – 339 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 340 – 345 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 346 – 348 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 354 – 358 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turn | 360 – 362 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 365 – 393 | 29 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 396 – 400 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Structure and expression of hedgehog, a Drosophila segment-polarity gene required for cell-cell communication." Tashiro S., Michiue T., Higashijima S., Zenno S., Ishimaru S., Takahashi F., Orihara M., Kojima T., Saigo K. Gene 124:183-189(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA] (ISOFORM LONG), FUNCTION, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. Strain: Canton-S. Tissue: Embryo. |
| [2] | "Secretion and localized transcription suggest a role in positional signaling for products of the segmentation gene hedgehog." Lee J.J., von Kessler D.P., Parks S., Beachy P.A. Cell 71:33-50(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], FUNCTION, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [3] | "Molecular organization and embryonic expression of the hedgehog gene involved in cell-cell communication in segmental patterning of Drosophila." Mohler J., Vani K. Development 115:957-971(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], ALTERNATIVE SPLICING, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. Strain: Oregon-R. Tissue: Embryo. |
| [4] | "The Drosophila hedgehog gene is expressed specifically in posterior compartment cells and is a target of engrailed regulation." Tabata T., Eaton S., Kornberg T.B. Genes Dev. 6:2635-2645(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM LONG), FUNCTION, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. Strain: Oregon-R. Tissue: Embryo. |
| [5] | "The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster." Adams M.D., Celniker S.E., Holt R.A., Evans C.A., Gocayne J.D., Amanatides P.G., Scherer S.E., Li P.W., Hoskins R.A., Galle R.F., George R.A., Lewis S.E., Richards S., Ashburner M., Henderson S.N., Sutton G.G., Wortman J.R., Yandell M.D. Venter J.C.Science 287:2185-2195(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: Berkeley. |
| [6] | "Annotation of the Drosophila melanogaster euchromatic genome: a systematic review." Misra S., Crosby M.A., Mungall C.J., Matthews B.B., Campbell K.S., Hradecky P., Huang Y., Kaminker J.S., Millburn G.H., Prochnik S.E., Smith C.D., Tupy J.L., Whitfield E.J., Bayraktaroglu L., Berman B.P., Bettencourt B.R., Celniker S.E., de Grey A.D.N.J. Lewis S.E.Genome Biol. 3:RESEARCH0083.1-RESEARCH0083.22(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: GENOME REANNOTATION. Strain: Berkeley. |
| [7] | "The product of hedgehog autoproteolytic cleavage active in local and long-range signalling." Porter J.A., von Kessler D.P., Ekker S.C., Young K.E., Lee J.J., Moses K., Beachy P.A. Nature 374:363-366(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: AUTOCATALYTIC CLEAVAGE. |
| [8] | "An acylatable residue of Hedgehog is differentially required in Drosophila and mouse limb development." Lee J.D., Kraus P., Gaiano N., Nery S., Kohtz J., Fishell G., Loomis C.A., Treisman J.E. Dev. Biol. 233:122-136(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF CYS-85. |
| [9] | "Skinny hedgehog, an acyltransferase required for palmitoylation and activity of the hedgehog signal." Chamoun Z., Mann R.K., Nellen D., von Kessler D.P., Bellotto M., Beachy P.A., Basler K. Science 293:2080-2084(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PALMITOYLATION AT CYS-85, MUTAGENESIS OF CYS-85, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [10] | "Cholesterol modification of hedgehog is required for trafficking and movement, revealing an asymmetric cellular response to hedgehog." Gallet A., Rodriguez R., Ruel L., Therond P.P. Dev. Cell 4:191-204(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: ROLE OF CHOLESTEROL. |
| [11] | "The Drosophila ortholog of the human wnt inhibitor factor shifted controls the diffusion of lipid-modified hedgehog." Gorfinkiel N., Sierra J., Callejo A., Ibanez C., Guerrero I. Dev. Cell 8:241-253(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH SHF. |
| [12] | "Lipoprotein particles are required for Hedgehog and Wingless signalling." Panakova D., Sprong H., Marois E., Thiele C., Eaton S. Nature 435:58-65(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: ROLE OF LIPOPHORIN IN MOVEMENT. |
| [13] | "Crystal structure of a Hedgehog autoprocessing domain: homology between Hedgehog and self-splicing proteins." Hall T.M.T., Porter J.A., Young K.E., Koonin E.V., Beachy P.A., Leahy D.J. Cell 91:85-97(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.9 ANGSTROMS) OF 258-402, MUTAGENESIS. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |||||||||||||||||||
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| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | L05404 mRNA. Translation: AAA28604.1. Frameshift. L05405 Genomic DNA. No translation available. L02793 Unassigned DNA. Translation: AAA16458.1. Z11840 Genomic DNA. No translation available. S66384 mRNA. Translation: AAB28646.1. AE014297 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAF56102.1. AE014297 Genomic DNA. Translation: ABC66186.1. | ||||||||||||||||||
| PIR | A46400. | ||||||||||||||||||
| RefSeq | NP_001034065.1. NM_001038976.1. NP_524459.2. NM_079735.3. | ||||||||||||||||||
| UniGene | Dm.2371. | ||||||||||||||||||
3D structure databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| PDBe RCSB PDB PDBj |
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| ProteinModelPortal | Q02936. | ||||||||||||||||||
| SMR | Q02936. Positions 100-248, 258-402. | ||||||||||||||||||
| ModBase | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||
Protein-protein interaction databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| DIP | DIP-51313N. | ||||||||||||||||||
| IntAct | Q02936. 2 interactions. | ||||||||||||||||||
| STRING | 7227.FBpp0099945. | ||||||||||||||||||
Protein family/group databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| MEROPS | C46.001. | ||||||||||||||||||
Protocols and materials databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||
Genome annotation databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| EnsemblMetazoa | FBtr0100506; FBpp0099945; FBgn0004644. | ||||||||||||||||||
| GeneID | 42737. | ||||||||||||||||||
| KEGG | dme:Dmel_CG4637. | ||||||||||||||||||
| UCSC | CG4637-RA. d. melanogaster. | ||||||||||||||||||
Organism-specific databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| CTD | 42737. | ||||||||||||||||||
| FlyBase | FBgn0004644. hh. | ||||||||||||||||||
Phylogenomic databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| eggNOG | NOG250647. | ||||||||||||||||||
| GeneTree | ENSGT00390000001117. | ||||||||||||||||||
| InParanoid | Q02936. | ||||||||||||||||||
| KO | K06224. | ||||||||||||||||||
| OMA | HSCGPGR. | ||||||||||||||||||
| OrthoDB | EOG46Q58K. | ||||||||||||||||||
| PhylomeDB | Q02936. | ||||||||||||||||||
Gene expression databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| Bgee | Q02936. | ||||||||||||||||||
| GermOnline | CG4637. Drosophila melanogaster. | ||||||||||||||||||
Family and domain databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gene3D | 3.30.1380.10. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||||||||
| InterPro | IPR001657. Hedgehog. IPR009045. Hedgehog_sig/DD-Pept_Zn-bd_dom. IPR000320. Hedgehog_signaling_dom. IPR001767. Hint_dom. IPR003586. Hint_dom_C. IPR003587. Hint_dom_N. IPR006141. Intein_splice_site. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||||||||
| Pfam | PF01085. HH_signal. 1 hit. PF01079. Hint. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||||||||
| PIRSF | PIRSF009400. Peptidase_C46. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||||||||
| PRINTS | PR00632. SONICHHOG. | ||||||||||||||||||
| SMART | SM00305. HintC. 1 hit. SM00306. HintN. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||||||||
| SUPFAM | SSF55166. Hedgehog_sig_N. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||||||||
| PROSITE | PS50817. INTEIN_N_TER. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||||||||
| ProtoNet | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||
Other | |||||||||||||||||||
| EvolutionaryTrace | Q02936. | ||||||||||||||||||
| GenomeRNAi | 42737. | ||||||||||||||||||
| NextBio | 830301. | ||||||||||||||||||
| PMAP-CutDB | Q02936. | ||||||||||||||||||
Entry information
| Entry name | HH_DROME | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: Q02936 Secondary accession number(s): A4V396, Q9VCQ4 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Drosophila annotation project | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Drosophila Drosophila: entries, gene names and cross-references to FlyBase |
| PDB cross-references Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
