P99998 (CYC_PANTR) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Cytochrome c

Gene names

Name:	CYCS
Synonyms:	CYC

Organism

Pan troglodytes (Chimpanzee)

Taxonomic identifier

9598 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Pan

Protein attributes

Sequence length	105 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain By similarity. Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases By similarity.
Subcellular location	Mitochondrion matrix.
Post-translational modification	Binds 1 heme group per subunit. Phosphorylation at Tyr-49 and Tyr-98 both reduce by half the turnover in the reaction with cytochrome c oxidase, down-regulating mitochondrial respiration By similarity.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the cytochrome c family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Apoptosis Electron transport Respiratory chain Transport
Cellular component	Mitochondrion
Ligand	Heme Iron Metal-binding
PTM	Acetylation Phosphoprotein
Technical term	Direct protein sequencing
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	DNA fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB electron transport chain Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW transport Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular component	cytosol Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB mitochondrial matrix Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell respiratory chain Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Molecular function	electron transporter, transferring electrons from CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase complex and cytochrome c oxidase complex activity Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB heme binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Initiator methionine	1	1	Removed Ref.2
	Chain	2 – 105	104	Cytochrome c		PRO_0000108227
Sites
	Metal binding	19	1	Iron (heme axial ligand)
	Metal binding	81	1	Iron (heme axial ligand)
	Binding site	15	1	Heme (covalent)
	Binding site	18	1	Heme (covalent)
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	2	1	N-acetylglycine
	Modified residue	49	1	Phosphotyrosine By similarity
	Modified residue	98	1	Phosphotyrosine By similarity

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P99998 [UniParc]. Last modified January 23, 2007. Version 2. Checksum: 8EE9689E0102506B	FASTA	105	11,749
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MGDVEKGKKI FIMKCSQCHT VEKGGKHKTG PNLHGLFGRK TGQAPGYSYT AANKNKGIIW 70 80 90 100 GEDTLMEYLE NPKKYIPGTK MIFVGIKKKE ERADLIAYLK KATNE

References

[1]	"Implications of natural selection in shaping 99.4% nonsynonymous DNA identity between humans and chimpanzees: enlarging genus Homo." Wildman D.E., Uddin M., Liu G., Grossman L.I., Goodman M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100:7181-7188(2003) [PubMed: 12766228] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[2]	"Evolutionary variability of cytochrome c primary structures." Margoliash E., Fitch W.M. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 151:359-381(1968) [PubMed: 4975694] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 2-105.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Web resources

Protein Spotlight

Life shuttle - Issue 76 of November 2006

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AY268594 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAP49489.1.
PIR	CCCZ. A00002.
RefSeq	NP_001065289.1. NM_001071821.1. XP_001140708.1. XM_001140708.2.
UniGene	Ptr.6290.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	P99998.
SMR	P99998. Positions 2-105.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
MINT	MINT-144816.
STRING	P99998.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	P99998.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENSPTRT00000035122; ENSPTRP00000032465; ENSPTRG00000018996. ENSPTRT00000041822; ENSPTRP00000038622; ENSPTRG00000022414.
GeneID	738805. 744779.
KEGG	ptr:738805. ptr:744779.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	54205.
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	maNOG20053.
GeneTree	ENSGT00390000009405.
HOVERGEN	HBG003023.
InParanoid	P99998.
OMA	KMIYAGL.
OrthoDB	EOG45DWQX.
PhylomeDB	P99998.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR002327. Cyt_c_1A/1B. IPR009056. Cyt_c_dom. IPR003088. Cyt_c_I. [Graphical view]
Gene3D	G3DSA:1.10.760.10. Cytochrome_c_R. 1 hit.
KO	K08738.
PANTHER	PTHR11961. Cyt_CIAB. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF00034. Cytochrom_C. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR00604. CYTCHRMECIAB.
SUPFAM	SSF46626. Cytochrome_c. 1 hit.
PROSITE	PS51007. CYTC. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

CYC_PANTR

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P99998
Secondary accession number(s): P00001, Q96BV4

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 21, 1986
Last sequence update:	January 23, 2007
Last modified:	November 16, 2011
This is version 73 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program