Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P87515 (POLN_BFV)

Names and origin

Protein names	Recommended name:     Non-structural polyprotein Alternative name(s):     Polyprotein nsP1234       Short name=P1234 Cleaved into the following 7 chains:     1- Recommended name:             P123     2- Recommended name:             P123'     3- Recommended name:             mRNA-capping enzyme nsP1               EC=2.1.1.-               EC=2.7.7.-         Alternative name(s):             Non-structural protein 1     4- Recommended name:             Protease/triphosphatase/NTPase/helicase nsP2               EC=3.4.22.-               EC=3.1.3.33               EC=3.6.1.15               EC=3.6.1.-         Alternative name(s):             Non-structural protein 2               Short name=nsP2     5- Recommended name:             Non-structural protein 3                 Short name=nsP3     6- Recommended name:             Non-structural protein 3'                 Short name=nsP3'     7- Recommended name:             RNA-directed RNA polymerase nsP4               EC=2.7.7.48         Alternative name(s):             Non-structural protein 4               Short name=nsP4
Organism	Barmah forest virus (BFV)
Taxonomic identifier	11020 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineage	Viruses › ssRNA positive-strand viruses, no DNA stage › Togaviridae › Alphavirus
Virus host	Macropus [TaxID: 9312] Homo sapiens (Human) [TaxID: 9606] Anopheles amictus [TaxID: 59117] Culex annulirostris [TaxID: 162997]

Protein attributes

Sequence length	2410 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existence	Evidence at transcript level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	P123 and P123' are short-lived polyproteins, accumulating during early stage of infection. P123 is directly translated from the genome, whereas P123' is a product of the cleavage of P1234. They localize the viral replication complex to the cytoplasmic surface of modified endosomes and lysosomes. By interacting with nsP4, they start viral genome replication into antigenome. After these early events, P123 and P123' are cleaved sequentially into nsP1, nsP2 and nsP3/nsP3'. This sequence of delayed processing would allow correct assembly and membrane association of the RNA polymerase complex By similarity. nsP1 is a cytoplasmic capping enzyme. This function is necessary since all viral RNAs are synthesized in the cytoplasm, and host capping enzymes are restricted to the nucleus. The enzymatic reaction involves a covalent link between 7-methyl-GMP and nsP1, whereas eukaryotic capping enzymes form a covalent complex only with GMP. nsP1 capping would consist in the following reactions: GTP is first methylated and then forms the m7GMp-nsP1 complex, from which 7-methyl-GMP complex is transferred to the mRNA to create the cap structure. Palmitoylated nsP1 is remodeling host cell cytoskeleton, and induces filopodium-like structure formation at the surface of the host cell By similarity. nsP2 has two separate domain with different biological activities. The N-terminal section is part of the RNA polymerase complex and has RNA trisphosphatase and RNA helicase activity. The C-terminal section harbors a protease that specifically cleaves and releases the four mature proteins By similarity. nsP3 and nsP3' are essential for minus strand and subgenomic 26S mRNA synthesis By similarity. nsP4 is a RNA dependent RNA polymerase. It replicates genomic and antigenomic RNA by recognizing replications specific signals. Transcribes also a 26S subgenomic mRNA by initiating RNA synthesis internally on antigenomic RNA. This 26S mRNA encodes for structural proteins. nsP4 is a short-lived protein regulated by several ways: the opal codon readthrough and degradation by ubiquitin pathway By similarity.
Catalytic activity	S-adenosyl-L-methionine + GTP = m(7)GTP. m(7)GTP + (5')pp-Pur-mRNA = diphosphate + m(7)G(5')ppp-Pur-mRNA. (5')ppp-mRNA + H(2)O = (5')pp-mRNA + phosphate. A 5'-phosphopolynucleotide + H(2)O = a polynucleotide + phosphate. NTP + H(2)O = NDP + phosphate. Nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1).
Subunit structure	P123 interacts with nsP4; nsP1, nsP2, nsP3 and nsP4 interact with each other, and with uncharacterized host factors By similarity.
Subcellular location	Non-structural polyprotein: Endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic sideBy similarity. Lysosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic sideBy similarity. Note= Located on the cytoplasmic surface of modified endosomes and lysosomes, also called cytopathic vacuoles type I (CPVI). These vacuoles contain numerous small circular invaginations (spherules) which may be the sites of RNA synthesis. P123: Endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic sideBy similarity. Lysosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic sideBy similarity. P123': Endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic sideBy similarity. Lysosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic sideBy similarity. mRNA-capping enzyme nsP1: Endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic sideBy similarity. Lysosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic sideBy similarity. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic sideBy similarity. Cell projection › filopodiumBy similarity. Note= In the late phase of infection, the polyprotein is quickly cleaved before localization to cellular membranes. Then a fraction of nsP1 localizes to the inner surface of the plasma membrane and its filopodial extensions By similarity. Protease/triphosphatase/NTPase/helicase nsP2: Endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic sideBy similarity. Lysosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic sideBy similarity. NucleusBy similarity. Note= In the late phase of infection, the polyprotein is quickly cleaved before localization to cellular membranes. Then approximately half of nsP2 is found in the nucleus By similarity. Non-structural protein 3: Endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic sideBy similarity. Lysosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic sideBy similarity. CytoplasmBy similarity. Note= In the late phase of infection, the polyprotein is quickly cleaved before localization to cellular membranes. Then nsP3 and nsP3' seems to aggregate in cytoplasm By similarity. Non-structural protein 3': Endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic sideBy similarity. Lysosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic sideBy similarity. CytoplasmBy similarity. Note= In the late phase of infection, the polyprotein is quickly cleaved before localization to cellular membranes. Then nsP3 and nsP3' seems to aggregate in cytoplasm By similarity. RNA-directed RNA polymerase nsP4: Endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic sideBy similarity. Lysosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic sideBy similarity.
Induction	Viral replication produces dsRNA in the late phase of infection, resulting in a strong activation of host EIF2AK2/PKR, leading to almost complete phosphorylation of EIF2A. This inactivates completely cellular translation initiation, resulting in a dramatic shutoff of proteins synthesis. Translation of viral non-structural polyprotein and all cellular proteins are stopped in infected cell between 2 and 4 hours post infection. Only the 26S mRNA is still translated into viral structural proteins, presumably through a unique mechanism of enhancer element which counteract the translation inhibition mediated by EIF2A. By doing this, the virus uses the cellular defense for its own advantage: shutoff of cellular translation allows to produce big amounts of structural proteins needed for the virus to bud out of the doomed cell.
Post-translational modification	Specific enzymatic cleavages in vivo yield mature proteins. The polyprotein is synthesized as P123, or P1234 by stop codon readthrough. These polyproteins are processed differently depending on the stage of infection. In early stages, P1234 is first cleaved in trans, through its nsP2 protease activity, releasing P123' and nsP4. P123/P123' and nsP4 start to replicate the viral genome into its antigenome. After these early events, nsP1 is cleaved in cis by nsP2 protease, releasing the P23/P23' polyprotein. Cleavage of nsP1 exposes an 'activator' at the N-terminus of P23/P23' which induces its cleavage into nsP2 and nsP3 by the viral protease. This sequence of delayed processing would allow correct assembly and membrane association of the RNA-polymerase complex. In the late stage of infection, the presence of free nsP2 in the cytoplasm cleaves P1234 quickly into P12 and P34, then into the four nsP. nsP1 is palmitoylated by host By similarity. nsP4 is ubiquitinated; targets the protein for rapid degradation via the ubiquitin system By similarity.
Miscellaneous	The genome encodes for P123, but readthrough of a terminator codon UGA occurs between the codons for Glu-1794 and Leu-1795. This readthrough produces P1234, cleaved quickly by nsP2 into P123' and nsP4. Further processing of p123' gives nsP1, nsP2 and nsP3' which is 6 amino-acids longer than nsP3 since the cleavage site is after the readthrough. This unusual molecular mechanism ensures that few nsP4 are produced compared to other non-structural proteins. Mutant viruses with no alternative termination site grow significantly slower than wild-type virus.
Sequence similarities	Contains 1 Macro domain. Contains 1 peptidase C9 domain. Contains 1 RdRp catalytic domain.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	RNA replication mRNA capping mRNA processing
Cellular component	Cell membrane Cell projection Cytoplasm Endosome Lysosome Membrane Nucleus
Ligand	ATP-binding Nucleotide-binding RNA-binding
Molecular function	Helicase Hydrolase Methyltransferase Nucleotidyltransferase Protease RNA-directed RNA polymerase Thiol protease Transferase
PTM	Lipoprotein Palmitate Ubl conjugation
Technical term	Multifunctional enzyme
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	mRNA capping Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW transcription, RNA-dependent Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW viral genome replication Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Cellular component	cell projection Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW endosome Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW lysosomal membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell nucleus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW plasma membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Molecular function	ATP binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW RNA binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro RNA helicase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro cysteine-type endopeptidase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro mRNA methyltransferase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro polynucleotide 5'-phosphatase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: EC
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 2410	2410	Non-structural polyprotein		PRO_0000308383
	Chain	1 – 1800	1800	P123'		PRO_0000228736
	Chain	1 – 1794	1794	P123		PRO_0000228737
	Chain	1 – 533	533	mRNA-capping enzyme nsP1		PRO_0000228738
	Chain	534 – 1331	798	Protease/triphosphatase/NTPase/helicase nsP2		PRO_0000228739
	Chain	1332 – 1800	469	Non-structural protein 3'		PRO_0000228740
	Chain	1332 – 1794	463	Non-structural protein 3		PRO_0000228741
	Chain	1801 – 2410	610	RNA-directed RNA polymerase nsP4		PRO_0000228742
Regions
	Domain	962 – 1163	202	Peptidase C9
	Domain	1332 – 1491	160	Macro
	Domain	2164 – 2279	116	RdRp catalytic
	Nucleotide binding	719 – 726	8	ATP Potential
	Region	242 – 261	20	nsP1 membrane-binding By similarity
	Region	1003 – 1022	20	Nucleolus localization signal By similarity
	Motif	1180 – 1184	5	Nuclear localization signal By similarity
Sites
	Active site	1011	1	For cysteine protease nsP2 activity By similarity
	Active site	1081	1	For cysteine protease nsP2 activity By similarity
	Site	533 – 534	2	Cleavage; by nsP2 By similarity
	Site	1331 – 1332	2	Cleavage; by nsP2 By similarity
	Site	1800 – 1801	2	Cleavage; by nsP2 By similarity
Amino acid modifications
	Lipidation	415	1	S-palmitoyl cysteine; by host By similarity
	Lipidation	417	1	S-palmitoyl cysteine; by host By similarity

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P87515-1 [UniParc]. Last modified March 21, 2006. Version 2. Checksum: B15A37394D0715A5	FASTA	2,410	269,014
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MAKPVVKIDV EPESHFAKQV QSCFPQFEIE AVQTTPNDHA HARAFSHLAT KLIEMETAKD 70 80 90 100 110 120 QIILDIGSAP ARRLYSEHKY HCVCPMKCTE DPERMLGYAR KLIAGSAKGK AEKLRDLRDV 130 140 150 160 170 180 LATPDIETQS LCLHTDASCR YRGDVAVYQD VYAIDAPTTL YHQALKGVRT AYWIGFDTTP 190 200 210 220 230 240 FMYDALAGAY PLYSTNWADE QVLESRNIGL CSDKVSEGGK KGRSILRKKF LKQSDRVMFS 250 260 270 280 290 300 VGSTLYTESR KLLQSWHLPS TFHLKGKSSF TCRCDTIVSC EGYVLKKITM CPGVTGKPIG 310 320 330 340 350 360 YAVTHHKEGF VVGKVTDTIR GERVSFAVCT YVPTTLCDQM TGILATEVTA DDAQKLLVGL 370 380 390 400 410 420 NQRIVVNGRT QRNTNTMKNY LLPLVAQALA KWAKEAKQDM EDERPLNERQ RTLTCLCCWA 430 440 450 460 470 480 FKRNKRHAIY KRPDTQSIVK VPCEFTSFPL VSLWSAGMSI SLRQKLKMML QARQPTQIAA 490 500 510 520 530 540 VTEELIQEAA AVEQEAVDTA NAELDHAAWP SIVDTTERHV EVEVEELDQR AGEGVVETPR 550 560 570 580 590 600 NSIKVSTQIG DALIGSYLIL SPQAVLRSEK LACIHDLAEQ VKLVTHSGRS GRYAVDKYXG 610 620 630 640 650 660 RVLVPTGVAI DIQSFQALSE SATLVYNERE FVNRKLWHIA VYGAALNTDE EGYEKVPVER 670 680 690 700 710 720 AESDYVFDVD QKMCLKKEQA SGWVLCGELV NPPFHEFAYE GLRTRPSAPY KVHTVGVYGV 730 740 750 760 770 780 PGSGKSAIIK NTVTMSDLVL SGKKENCLEI MNDVLKHRAL RITAKTVDSV LLNGVKHTPN 790 800 810 820 830 840 ILYIDEAFSC HAGTLLATIA IVRPKQKVVL CGDPKQCGFF NMMQLKVNYN HDICSEVFHK 850 860 870 880 890 900 SISRRCTQDI TAIVSKLHYQ DRMRTTNPRK GDIIIDTTGT TKPAKTDLIL TCFRGWVKQL 910 920 930 940 950 960 QQDYRGNEVM TAAASQGLTR ASVYAVRTKV NENPLYAQTS EHVNVLLTRT ENKLVWKTLS 970 980 990 1000 1010 1020 TDPWIKTLTN PPRGHYTATI AEWEAEHQGI MKAIQGYAPP VNTFMNKVNV CWAKTLTPVL 1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 1080 ETAGISLSAE DWSELLPPFA QDVAYSPEVA LNIICTKMYG FDLDTGLFSR PSVPMTYTKD 1090 1100 1110 1120 1130 1140 HWDNRVGGKM YGFSQQAYDQ LARRHPYLRG REKSGMQIVV TEMRIQRPRS DANIIPINRR 1150 1160 1170 1180 1190 1200 LPHSLVATHE YRRAARAEEF FTTTRGYTML LVSEYNMNLP NKKITWLAPI GTQGAHHTAN 1210 1220 1230 1240 1250 1260 LNLGIPPLLG SFDAVVVNMP TPFRNHHYQQ CEDHAMKLQM LAGDALRHIK PGGSLWVKAY 1270 1280 1290 1300 1310 1320 GYADRHSEHV VLALARKFKS FRVTQPSCVT SNTEVFLHFS IFDNGKRAIA LHSANRKANS 1330 1340 1350 1360 1370 1380 IFQNTFLPAG SAPAYRVKRG DISNAPEDAV VNAANQQGVK GAGVCGAIYR KWPDAFGDVA 1390 1400 1410 1420 1430 1440 TPTGTAVSKS VQDKLVIHAV GPNFSKCSEE EGDRDLASAY RAAAEIVMDK KITTVAVPLL 1450 1460 1470 1480 1490 1500 STGIYAGGKN RVEQSLNHLF TAFDNTDADV TIYCMDKTWE KKIKEAIDHR TSVEMVQDDV 1510 1520 1530 1540 1550 1560 QLEEELVRVH PLSSLAGRKG YSTDSGRVFS YLEGTKFHQT AVDIAEMQVL WPALKESNEQ 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620 IVAYTLGESM DQIRGKCPTE DTDASTPPRT VPCLCRYAMT PERVYRLKCT NTTQFTVCSS 1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 1680 FELPKYHIQG VQRVKCERII ILDPTVPPTY KRPCIRRYPS TISCNSSEDS RSLSTFSVSS 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 DSSIGSLPVG DTRPIPAPRT IFRPVPAPRA PVLRTTPPPK PPRTFTVRAE VHQAPPTPVP 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 PPRPKRAAKL AREMHPGFTF GDFGEHEVEE LTASPLTFGD FAEGEIQGMG VEFELGRAGG 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 YIFSSDTGPG HLQQRSVLQN CTAECIYEPA KLEKIHAPKL DKTKEDILRS KYQMKPSEAN 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 KSRYQSRKVE NMKAEIVGRL LDGLGEYLGT EHPVECYRIT YPVPIYSTSD LRGLSSAKTA 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 VRACNAFLEA NFPSVTSYKI TDEYDAYLDM VDGSESCLDR SSFSPSRLRS FPKTHSYLDP 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 QINSAVPSPF QNTLQNVLAA ATKRNCNVTQ MRELPTYDSA VLNVEAFRKY ACKPDVWDEY 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 RDNPICITTE NVTTYVAKLK GPKAAALFAK THNLIPLHQV PMDKFTVDMK RDVKVTPGTK 2110 2120 2130 2140 2150 2160 HTEERPKVQV IQAAEPLATA YLCGIHRELV RRLNNALFPN IHTLFDMSAE DFDAIIAEHF 2170 2180 2190 2200 2210 2220 KHGDHVLETD IASFDKSQDD SMALTALMIL EDLGVDQNLM NLIEAAFGEI VSTHLPTGTR 2230 2240 2250 2260 2270 2280 FKFGAMMKSG MFLTLFVNTI LNVVIACRVL EDQLAQSPWP AFIGDDNIIH GIISDKLMAD 2290 2300 2310 2320 2330 2340 RCATWMNMEV KILDSIVGIR PPYFCGGFIV CDDVTGTACR VADPLKRLFK LGKPLPLDDG 2350 2360 2370 2380 2390 2400 QDEDRRRALH DEVKTWSRVG LRHRVCEAIE DRYAVHSSEL VLLALTTLSK NLKSFRNIRG 2410 KPIHLYGGPK

References

[1]	"Nucleotide sequence of the Barmah forest virus genome." Lee E., Stocks C., Lobigs P., Hislop A., Straub J., Marshall I., Weir R., Dalgarno L. Virology 227:509-514(1997) [PubMed: 9018152] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC RNA].

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	U73745 Genomic RNA. Translation: AAB40701.1. Sequence problems.
RefSeq	NP_054023.1.
3D structure databases
HSSP	HSSP built from PDB template 1FW5 based on UniProtKB P08411.
ModBase	Search...
Protein family/group databases
MEROPS	C09.001.
Genome annotation databases
GeneID	1489700.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR002589. A1pp. IPR002588. MeTrfase_vir. IPR002620. Peptidase_C9. IPR001788. RNA-dep_RNA_pol_vir-typ. IPR000606. RNA_helicase1_vir. IPR007094. RNA_pol_PSvir. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF01661. A1pp. 1 hit. PF01707. Peptidase_C9. 1 hit. PF00978. RdRP_2. 1 hit. PF01443. Viral_helicase1. 1 hit. PF01660. Vmethyltransf. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SMART	SM00506. A1pp. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PROSITE	PS51154. MACRO. 1 hit. PS50507. RDRP_SSRNA_POS. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

POLN_BFV

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P87515

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	March 21, 2006
Last sequence update:	March 21, 2006
Last modified:	November 25, 2008
This is version 57 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

Virus (Virus annotation project)