ID OXLA_OPHHA Reviewed; 491 AA. AC P81383; A8QL50; DT 15-DEC-1998, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 21-SEP-2011, sequence version 3. DT 03-MAY-2023, entry version 90. DE RecName: Full=L-amino-acid oxidase {ECO:0000303|PubMed:2044840}; DE Short=LAO; DE Short=Oh-LAAO {ECO:0000303|PubMed:17543361}; DE EC=1.4.3.2 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17543361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; DE Flags: Precursor; OS Ophiophagus hannah (King cobra) (Naja hannah). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; OC Lepidosauria; Squamata; Bifurcata; Unidentata; Episquamata; Toxicofera; OC Serpentes; Colubroidea; Elapidae; Elapinae; Ophiophagus. OX NCBI_TaxID=8665; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 21-45; 121-129; 189-195; RP 272-278 AND 428-439, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY, GLYCOSYLATION, RP BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY, AND CATALYTIC RP ACTIVITY. RC TISSUE=Venom, and Venom gland; RX PubMed=17543361; DOI=10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.04.013; RA Jin Y., Lee W.-H., Zeng L., Zhang Y.; RT "Molecular characterization of L-amino acid oxidase from king cobra RT venom."; RL Toxicon 50:479-489(2007). RN [2] RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 21-39, SUBUNIT, GLYCOSYLATION, AND COFACTOR. RC TISSUE=Venom; RX PubMed=8080286; DOI=10.1006/abbi.1994.1401; RA Ponnudurai G., Chung M.C.M., Tan N.-H.; RT "Purification and properties of the L-amino acid oxidase from Malayan pit RT viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma) venom."; RL Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 313:373-378(1994). RN [3] RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 21-35, FUNCTION, SUBUNIT, AND GLYCOSYLATION. RC TISSUE=Venom; RX PubMed=9304806; DOI=10.1016/s1357-2725(97)00024-1; RA Ahn M.Y., Lee B.M., Kim Y.S.; RT "Characterization and cytotoxicity of L-amino acid oxidase from the venom RT of king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah)."; RL Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 29:911-919(1997). RN [4] RP FUNCTION, COFACTOR, SUBUNIT, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, GLYCOSYLATION, RP AND TOXIC DOSE. RX PubMed=2619759; RA Tan N.H., Saifuddin M.N.; RT "Isolation and characterization of an unusual form of L-amino acid oxidase RT from King cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) venom."; RL Biochem. Int. 19:937-944(1989). RN [5] RP FUNCTION, SUBUNIT, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY, RP CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, AND SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. RC TISSUE=Venom; RX PubMed=2044840; DOI=10.1016/0020-711x(91)90114-3; RA Tan N.H., Saifuddin M.N.; RT "Substrate specificity of king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) venom L-amino RT acid oxidase."; RL Int. J. Biochem. 23:323-327(1991). RN [6] RP ISOFORM. RA Tan N.-H., Choy S.-K.; RT "The edema inducing activity of Ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) venom L- RT amino acid oxidase."; RL Toxicon 32:539-539(1994). RN [7] RP FUNCTION. RC TISSUE=Venom; RX PubMed=7886693; DOI=10.1016/0041-0101(94)90407-3; RA Li Z.Y., Yu T.F., Lian E.C.; RT "Purification and characterization of L-amino acid oxidase from king cobra RT (Ophiophagus hannah) venom and its effects on human platelet aggregation."; RL Toxicon 32:1349-1358(1994). RN [8] RP FUNCTION, AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY. RC TISSUE=Venom; RX PubMed=21059402; DOI=10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.11.001; RA Lee M.L., Tan N.H., Fung S.Y., Sekaran S.D.; RT "Antibacterial action of a heat-stable form of L-amino acid oxidase RT isolated from king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) venom."; RL Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 153:237-242(2011). RN [9] RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY. RC TISSUE=Venom; RX PubMed=24297900; DOI=10.1073/pnas.1314702110; RA Vonk F.J., Casewell N.R., Henkel C.V., Heimberg A.M., Jansen H.J., RA McCleary R.J., Kerkkamp H.M., Vos R.A., Guerreiro I., Calvete J.J., RA Wuster W., Woods A.E., Logan J.M., Harrison R.A., Castoe T.A., RA de Koning A.P., Pollock D.D., Yandell M., Calderon D., Renjifo C., RA Currier R.B., Salgado D., Pla D., Sanz L., Hyder A.S., Ribeiro J.M., RA Arntzen J.W., van den Thillart G.E., Boetzer M., Pirovano W., Dirks R.P., RA Spaink H.P., Duboule D., McGlinn E., Kini R.M., Richardson M.K.; RT "The king cobra genome reveals dynamic gene evolution and adaptation in the RT snake venom system."; RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110:20651-20656(2013). CC -!- FUNCTION: Catalyzes an oxidative deamination of predominantly CC hydrophobic and aromatic L-amino acids, thus producing hydrogen CC peroxide that may contribute to the diverse toxic effects of this CC enzyme (PubMed:17543361, PubMed:2044840). Is very active against L-Lys, CC L-Phe, L-Leu, L-Tyr, L-Trp, L-Arg, and L-Met, moderately active against CC L-His, L-cystine, and L-Ile, and slightly active against L-Gln, L-Asn, CC L-Ala, and L-Val (PubMed:2044840). L-Glu, L-Ser, L-Pro and Gly are CC oxidized very slowly (PubMed:2044840). Its activity on platelet CC aggregation is controversial. It has potent inhibitory activity on CC platelet aggregation induced by ADP and the thromboxane analog U46619, CC but not by thrombin, mucetin, ristocetin and stejnulxin CC (PubMed:17543361), but it has also been shown to induce platelet CC aggregation through the formation of hydrogen peroxide CC (PubMed:7886693). It binds to bacteria and shows antibacterial CC activities by generating hydrogen peroxide. Binding and antibacterial CC activities are higher against Gram-positive than against Gram-negative CC bacteria. May also have an ability to induce hemorrhage, hemolysis, CC edema, apoptosis. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17543361, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21059402, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:2619759, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7886693, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:9304806}. CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=an L-alpha-amino acid + H2O + O2 = a 2-oxocarboxylate + H2O2 + CC NH4(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:13781, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:16240, ChEBI:CHEBI:28938, ChEBI:CHEBI:35179, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:59869; EC=1.4.3.2; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:17543361, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=H2O + L-leucine + O2 = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + H2O2 + CC NH4(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:60996, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:16240, ChEBI:CHEBI:17865, ChEBI:CHEBI:28938, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:57427; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=H2O + L-phenylalanine + O2 = 3-phenylpyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+); CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:61240, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:16240, ChEBI:CHEBI:18005, ChEBI:CHEBI:28938, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:58095; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=H2O + L-tryptophan + O2 = H2O2 + indole-3-pyruvate + NH4(+); CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:61244, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:16240, ChEBI:CHEBI:17640, ChEBI:CHEBI:28938, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:57912; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=H2O + L-methionine + O2 = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + CC H2O2 + NH4(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:61236, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:16240, ChEBI:CHEBI:16723, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:28938, ChEBI:CHEBI:57844; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=H2O + L-isoleucine + O2 = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + H2O2 CC + NH4(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:61232, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:16240, ChEBI:CHEBI:28938, ChEBI:CHEBI:35146, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:58045; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=H2O + L-arginine + O2 = 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H2O2 + CC NH4(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:51404, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:16240, ChEBI:CHEBI:28938, ChEBI:CHEBI:32682, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:58489; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=H2O + L-histidine + O2 = 3-(imidazol-5-yl)pyruvate + H2O2 + CC NH4(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:61228, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:16240, ChEBI:CHEBI:28938, ChEBI:CHEBI:57595, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:58133; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=H2O + L-tyrosine + O2 = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + H2O2 + CC NH4(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:61248, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:16240, ChEBI:CHEBI:28938, ChEBI:CHEBI:36242, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:58315; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=H2O + L-cystine + O2 = (2R)-2-amino-2-carboxylatoethyl- CC disulfanyl-oxopropanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:61284, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, ChEBI:CHEBI:16240, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:28938, ChEBI:CHEBI:35491, ChEBI:CHEBI:144484; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=H2O + L-lysine + O2 = 6-amino-2-oxohexanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+); CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:14437, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:16240, ChEBI:CHEBI:28938, ChEBI:CHEBI:32551, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:58183; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC -!- COFACTOR: CC Name=FAD; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:57692; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:2619759, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:8080286}; CC -!- BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: CC Kinetic parameters: CC KM=2.3 mM for L-His {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17543361}; CC KM=3 mM for L-His {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC KM=2.9 mM for L-Ile {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17543361}; CC KM=1.3 mM for L-Ile {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC KM=2.2 mM for L-Leu {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17543361}; CC KM=0.2 mM for L-Leu {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC KM=2.6 mM for L-Lys {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17543361}; CC KM=0.14 mM for L-Lys {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC KM=0.7 mM for L-Met {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17543361}; CC KM=0.01 mM for L-Tyr {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC KM=0.1 mM for L-Trp {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC KM=0.1 mM for L-Phe {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC KM=0.15 mM for L-Arg {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC KM=0.17 mM for L-ornithine {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC KM=0.35 mM for L-norleucine (L-2-aminohexanoate) CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC KM=0.63 mM for L-Met {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC KM=0.67 mM for L-norvaline (L-2-aminopentanoate) CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC KM=0.83 mM for L-cystine {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC KM=4 mM for L-Aminobutyric acid {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC KM=5 mM for L-Pro {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC KM=7.1 mM for L-Val {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC KM=7.8 mM for L-Glu {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC KM=12.5 mM for L-Ala {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC KM=20 mM for L-Gln {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC KM=22.2 mM for L-Asn {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC KM=28.6 mM for L-Ser {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC KM=31 mM for L-Gly {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}; CC Temperature dependence: CC Exhibits unusual thermal stability. At pH 7.4, the enzyme retains CC full activity after incubation at 25 degrees Celsius for 30 days. Is CC stable at alkaline condition and is not inactivated by freezing. CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2619759}; CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homodimer; non-covalently linked. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:2619759, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8080286, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:9304806}. CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2044840}. CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed by the venom gland. CC {ECO:0000305|PubMed:2044840}. CC -!- PTM: N-glycosylated. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:17543361, CC ECO:0000305|PubMed:2619759, ECO:0000305|PubMed:8080286, CC ECO:0000305|PubMed:9304806}. CC -!- TOXIC DOSE: LD(50) is 5 mg/kg by intravenous injection into mice. CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2619759}. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family. FIG1 CC subfamily. {ECO:0000305}. CC -!- CAUTION: The existence of two isoforms has been reported, and could CC explain the differences in sequence and kinetic parameters. CC {ECO:0000305|Ref.6}. CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; EF080831; ABN72538.1; -; mRNA. DR AlphaFoldDB; P81383; -. DR SMR; P81383; -. DR TopDownProteomics; P81383; -. DR BRENDA; 1.4.3.2; 4419. DR SABIO-RK; P81383; -. DR GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0003677; F:DNA binding; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0050660; F:flavin adenine dinucleotide binding; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0001716; F:L-amino-acid oxidase activity; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0050029; F:L-lysine oxidase activity; IEA:RHEA. DR GO; GO:0106329; F:L-phenylalaine oxidase activity; IEA:RHEA. DR GO; GO:0090729; F:toxin activity; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0006915; P:apoptotic process; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR GO; GO:0042742; P:defense response to bacterium; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR GO; GO:0031640; P:killing of cells of another organism; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0035821; P:modulation of process of another organism; IDA:UniProtKB. DR Gene3D; 3.90.660.10; -; 1. DR Gene3D; 3.50.50.60; FAD/NAD(P)-binding domain; 1. DR Gene3D; 1.10.405.10; Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitor, domain 1; 1. DR InterPro; IPR002937; Amino_oxidase. DR InterPro; IPR036188; FAD/NAD-bd_sf. DR InterPro; IPR001613; Flavin_amine_oxidase. DR PANTHER; PTHR10742:SF355; AMINE OXIDASE; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR10742; FLAVIN MONOAMINE OXIDASE; 1. DR Pfam; PF01593; Amino_oxidase; 1. DR PRINTS; PR00757; AMINEOXDASEF. DR SUPFAM; SSF54373; FAD-linked reductases, C-terminal domain; 1. DR SUPFAM; SSF51905; FAD/NAD(P)-binding domain; 1. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW Antibiotic; Antimicrobial; Apoptosis; Cytolysis; Direct protein sequencing; KW Disulfide bond; FAD; Flavoprotein; Glycoprotein; Hemolysis; KW Hemostasis impairing toxin; Oxidoreductase; KW Platelet aggregation inhibiting toxin; Secreted; Signal; Toxin. FT SIGNAL 1..20 FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:17543361, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:8080286, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9304806" FT CHAIN 21..491 FT /note="L-amino-acid oxidase" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:17543361, FT ECO:0000305|PubMed:8080286, ECO:0000305|PubMed:9304806" FT /id="PRO_0000099871" FT BINDING 61..62 FT /ligand="FAD" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:57692" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P81382" FT BINDING 81..82 FT /ligand="FAD" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:57692" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P81382" FT BINDING 89 FT /ligand="FAD" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:57692" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P81382" FT BINDING 103..106 FT /ligand="FAD" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:57692" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P81382" FT BINDING 106 FT /ligand="substrate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P81382" FT BINDING 269 FT /ligand="FAD" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:57692" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P81382" FT BINDING 380 FT /ligand="substrate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250" FT BINDING 465 FT /ligand="FAD" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:57692" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P81382" FT BINDING 472..477 FT /ligand="FAD" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:57692" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P81382" FT BINDING 472..473 FT /ligand="substrate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P81382" FT CARBOHYD 122 FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT CARBOHYD 238 FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT CARBOHYD 266 FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT CARBOHYD 410 FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT DISULFID 28..182 FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P81382" FT DISULFID 338..420 FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P81382" FT CONFLICT 21 FT /note="H -> S (in Ref. 3; AA sequence)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 28 FT /note="C -> S (in Ref. 2; AA sequence and 3; AA sequence)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 37 FT /note="W -> H (in Ref. 2; AA sequence)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" SQ SEQUENCE 491 AA; 55977 MW; 2FD1E740BD73313E CRC64; MNDFLLLLLV LFLGVPRSEN HVINLEECFQ EPEYENWLAT ASHGLTKTLN PKKIVIVGAG ISGLTAAKLF REAGHEVVIL EASDRVGGRI KTHREDGWYV DVGPMRVPQT HRIVREYIKK FNISLNPFRQ TDENAWYLIK HVRQKMSANN PENFGYQLNP NERGKSASQL FDETLDKVTD DCTLQKEKYD SFSTKEYLIK EGKLSTGAVE MIGDFLNEEA GFHNSFLISV MDHFLFLNNS FDEITGGFDQ LPERFFKDMD SIVHLNSTVE KIVHINNKVT VFYEGLSTNM RLVADYVLIT ATARATRLIK FVPPLSIPKT RALRSLIYAS ATKIILVCTD KFWEKDGIHG GRSITDLPSR VIYYPNHDFT NGIGVLLASY TWYSDSEFYT TLSDEKCVDV VMDDLVEIHN VSKDYLKSVC GKHVVQKWAL DQYSMGAFST YTPYQITHYS QMLAQNEGRI YFAGEYTAHP HGWIETSMKS AIREAINIHN A //