P80703 (APL3_GALME) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names	Recommended name: Apolipophorin-3 Alternative name(s): Apolipophorin-III Short name=ApoLp-III
Organism	Galleria mellonella (Greater wax moth)
Taxonomic identifier	7137 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineage	cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Protostomia › Ecdysozoa › Panarthropoda › Arthropoda › Mandibulata › Pancrustacea › Hexapoda › Insecta › Dicondylia › Pterygota › Neoptera › Endopterygota › Amphiesmenoptera › Lepidoptera › Glossata › Neolepidoptera › Heteroneura › Ditrysia › Obtectomera › Pyraloidea › Pyralidae › Galleriinae › Galleria

Protein attributes

Sequence length	186 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Assists in the loading of diacylglycerol, generated from triacylglycerol stores in the fat body through the action of adipokinetic hormone, into lipophorin, the hemolymph lipoprotein. It increases the lipid carrying capacity of lipophorin by covering the expanding hydrophobic surface resulting from diacylglycerol uptake. It thus plays a critical role in the transport of lipids during flight in several species of insects. Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria L.monocytogenes (MIC=6.5 µM). Lacks antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria B.circulans, M.luteus, S.aureus, and S.lutea, and the Gram-negative bacteria E.coli D31, E.coli ATCC 25922, and S.typhimurium. Lacks antifungal activity against S.cerevisiae, P.pastoris, Z.marxianus, C.albicans, C.wickerhamii, A.niger, F.oxysporum, and T.harizianum. Ref.3
Subunit structure	Equilibrium between a soluble monomer and a bound lipoprotein form. Apolipophorin-3 associates with lipophorin during lipid loading until each particle contains 9 or 14 molecules of apolipophorin-3.
Subcellular location	Secreted Ref.3.
Tissue specificity	Hemolymph. Ref.3
Induction	By bacterial infection. Ref.3
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the insect apolipophorin-3 family.
Mass spectrometry	Molecular mass is 5712.7 Da from positions 136 - 186. Determined by ESI. The measured mass may be that of a peptide that is synthesized after immune challenge or a fragment of partial proteolytic digestion. Ref.3

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Immunity Innate immunity Lipid transport Transport
Cellular component	Secreted
Domain	Signal
Molecular function	Antibiotic Antimicrobial
PTM	Cleavage on pair of basic residues
Technical term	Direct protein sequencing
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	defense response to Gram-positive bacterium Inferred from direct assay Ref.3. Source: UniProtKB innate immune response Inferred from direct assay Ref.3. Source: UniProtKB lipid transport Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular_component	extracellular space Inferred from direct assay Ref.3. Source: UniProtKB
Molecular_function	lipid binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Signal peptide	1 – 18	18	Potential
	Propeptide	19 – 23	5			PRO_0000002042
	Chain	24 – 186	163	Apolipophorin-3		PRO_0000002043

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P80703 [UniParc]. Last modified December 15, 1998. Version 2. Checksum: C79B381E07F5C070	FASTA	186	20,453
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MAAKYVFVVA ACSALAQAGI VRRDASTPLQ DLEKHAAEFQ KTFSEQLNAF TNSKDTKEFN 70 80 90 100 110 120 TALKEGSDSV LQQLNALASS LQKALNDANG KAKEALEQTR TNLERTAEEL RRAHPDVERQ 130 140 150 160 170 180 AGALRDRLQT AVQATVQETQ KLAKTVGANL EETNKKLAPQ IKSAYDDFVK QAQEVQKKLH EAASKQ

References

[1]	"Functional expression of Galleria mellonella apolipophorin III." Niere M., Dettloff M., Weise C., Meisslitzer C., Ziegler M., Wiesner A. Submitted (JUN-1998) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Fat body.
[2]	"Primary structure of apolipophorin-III from the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella." Weise C., Franke P., Kopacek P., Wiesner A. J. Protein Chem. 17:633-641(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 24-186. Tissue: Hemolymph.
[3]	"Purification and characterization of eight peptides from Galleria mellonella immune hemolymph." Cytrynska M., Mak P., Zdybicka-Barabas A., Suder P., Jakubowicz T. Peptides 28:533-546(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 136-186, FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INDUCTION, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Larval hemolymph.

Web resources

Protein Spotlight

Lipid freight - Issue 59 of June 2005

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AJ006975 mRNA. Translation: CAA07363.1.
PIR	T09296.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	P80703.
SMR	P80703. Positions 29-186.
ModBase	Search...
Protein family/group databases
Allergome	3638. Gal m 24kD.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR010009. ApoLp-III. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF07464. ApoLp-III. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

APL3_GALME

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P80703
Secondary accession number(s): O76946

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	November 1, 1997
Last sequence update:	December 15, 1998
Last modified:	April 3, 2013
This is version 65 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)