P80365 (DHI2_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 126.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 2 EC=1.1.1.- Alternative name(s): 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 Short name=11-DH2 Short name=11-beta-HSD2 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II Short name=-HSD11 type II NAD-dependent 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Short name=11-beta-HSD | ||||
| Gene names |
| ||||
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 405 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Catalyzes the conversion of cortisol to the inactive metabolite cortisone. Modulates intracellular glucocorticoid levels, thus protecting the nonselective mineralocorticoid receptor from occupation by glucocorticoids. |
| Catalytic activity | An 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + NAD+ = an 11-oxosteroid + NADH. |
| Enzyme regulation | Inhibited by glycyrrhetinic acid (derived from liquorice), carbenoloxone and 11-alpha-OH-progesterone By similarity. |
| Subunit structure | Interacts with ligand-free cytoplasmic NR3C2. Ref.12 |
| Subcellular location | |
| Tissue specificity | Found in placenta, kidney, pancreas, prostate, ovary, small intestine and colon. |
| Involvement in disease | Apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME) [MIM:218030]: An autosomal recessive form of low-renin hypertension. It is usually diagnosed within the first years of life and is characterized by polyuria and polydipsia, failure to thrive, hypernatremia, severe hypertension with low renin and aldosterone levels, profound hypokalemia with metabolic alkalosis, and most often nephrocalcinosis. |
| Miscellaneous | Consumption of large amounts of liquorice can lead to apparent mineralocorticoid excess and hypertension. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. |
| Biophysicochemical properties | Kinetic parameters: X. KM=26.1 nM for cortisol (Ref.23) Ref.23 Ref.24 KM=785 nM for cortisol (Ref.24) KM=77 nM for cortisterone Vmax=64.1 nmol/h/mg enzyme toward cortisterone Vmax=66 nmol/h/mg enzyme toward cortisol |
Ontologies
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 405 | 405 | Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 2 | PRO_0000054627 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 82 – 111 | 30 | NAD By similarity | ||||||
| Region | 335 – 339 | 5 | Essential for protein stability | ||||||
Sites | |||||||||
| Active site | 232 | 1 | Proton acceptor By similarity | ||||||
| Binding site | 219 | 1 | Substrate By similarity | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Natural variant | 114 – 115 | 2 | Missing in AME; reduces enzyme activity by at least 95%. | VAR_015634 | |||||
| Natural variant | 147 | 1 | R → H. Corresponds to variant rs13306425 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_052317 | |||||
| Natural variant | 179 | 1 | L → R in AME; abolishes enzyme activity. Ref.21 | VAR_015635 | |||||
| Natural variant | 180 | 1 | S → F in AME; reduces enzyme activity. Ref.21 | VAR_015636 | |||||
| Natural variant | 186 | 1 | R → C in AME. Ref.10 Ref.17 | VAR_015637 | |||||
| Natural variant | 208 | 1 | R → C in AME; reduces enzyme activity by at least 95%. Ref.10 Ref.14 Ref.17 | VAR_006958 | |||||
| Natural variant | 208 | 1 | R → H in AME; abolishes enzyme activity. Ref.15 Ref.21 | VAR_015638 | |||||
| Natural variant | 213 | 1 | R → C in AME; reduces enzyme activity by ca. 90%. Ref.14 Ref.18 Ref.20 | VAR_006959 | |||||
| Natural variant | 223 | 1 | D → N in AME; reduces enzyme activity to about 6% of wild type. Ref.23 | VAR_066514 | |||||
| Natural variant | 227 | 1 | P → L in hypertension; decreases affinity for cortisol. Ref.19 | VAR_015639 | |||||
| Natural variant | 237 | 1 | A → V in AME; reduces enzyme activity. Ref.21 | VAR_015640 | |||||
| Natural variant | 244 | 1 | D → N in AME; associated with R-250. Ref.17 | VAR_015641 | |||||
| Natural variant | 250 – 251 | 2 | LL → PS in AME; abolishes enzyme activity. | VAR_015643 | |||||
| Natural variant | 250 | 1 | L → R in AME; associated with N-244. Ref.17 | VAR_015642 | |||||
| Natural variant | 279 | 1 | R → C in AME; decreases enzyme activity by ca. 33%. Ref.16 | VAR_015644 | |||||
| Natural variant | 328 | 1 | A → V in AME; abolishes enzyme activity. Ref.20 Ref.21 | VAR_015645 | |||||
| Natural variant | 337 – 338 | 2 | RY → H in AME; abolishes enzyme activity. | VAR_015647 | |||||
| Natural variant | 337 | 1 | R → C in AME; decreased half-life from 21 to 4 hours compared to wild-type, probably due to degradation via the proteasomal pathway. Ref.13 Ref.17 Ref.24 | VAR_066515 | |||||
| Natural variant | 338 | 1 | Y → H in AME; abolishes enzyme activity; decreased half-life from 21 to 3 hours compared to wild-type, probably due to degradation via the proteasomal pathway. Ref.24 | VAR_015646 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 115 | 1 | E → K or Q: Abolishes cofactor specificity. Ref.22 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 335 | 1 | R → A or Q: Reduced enzyme activity. Ref.24 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 335 | 1 | R → K: No effect on enzyme activity. Ref.24 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 336 | 1 | R → A or Q: Almost complete loss of enzyme activity. Ref.24 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 336 | 1 | R → K: Reduced enzyme activity. Ref.24 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 337 | 1 | R → A or Q: Almost complete loss of enzyme activity. Ref.24 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 337 | 1 | R → K: Reduced enzyme activity. Ref.24 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 338 | 1 | Y → F or A: Complete loss of enzyme activity. Ref.24 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 339 | 1 | Y → A, F or H: Reduced enzyme activity. Ref.24 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 148 | 1 | V → F in AAB48544. Ref.2 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 148 | 1 | V → L in AAA91969. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 350 | 1 | I → T in AAH64536. Ref.7 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 392 | 1 | D → G in AAH36780. Ref.7 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Cloning and tissue distribution of the human 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme." Albiston A.L., Obeyesekere V.R., Smith R.E., Krozowski Z.S. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 105:R11-R17(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Kidney. |
| [2] | "Gene structure and chromosomal localization of the human HSD11K gene encoding the kidney (type 2) isozyme of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase." Agarwal A.K., Rogerson F.M., Mune T., White P.C. Genomics 29:195-199(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Tissue: Kidney. |
| [3] | "Cloning and production of antisera to human placental 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2." Brown R.W., Chapman K.E., Kotelevtsev Y., Yau J.L., Lindsay R.S., Brett L., Leckie C., Murad P., Lyons V., Mullins J.J., Edwards C.R.W., Seckl J.R. Biochem. J. 313:1007-1017(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Placenta. |
| [4] | SeattleSNPs variation discovery resource Submitted (JUN-2007) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [5] | NHLBI resequencing and genotyping service (RS&G) Submitted (DEC-2008) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [6] | Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. Venter J.C.Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [7] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Ovary. |
| [8] | "Purification of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 from human placenta utilizing a novel affinity labelling technique." Brown R.W., Chapman K.E., Murad P., Edwards C.R., Seckl J.R. Biochem. J. 313:997-1005(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 19-24; 77-84; 102-112; 134-154; 191-198; 214-227; 229-235; 256-266; 272-278 AND 375-401. Tissue: Placenta. |
| [9] | "Human hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 HSD11B2." Amin H.K., Hoeppner W. Submitted (JUL-2001) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 90-221. |
| [10] | "Several homozygous mutations in the gene for 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in patients with apparent mineralocorticoid excess." Wilson R.C., Harbison M.D., Krozowski Z.S., Funder J.W., Shackleton C.H.L., Hanauske-Abel H.M., Wei J.-Q., Hertecant J., Moran A., Neiberger R.E., Balfe J.W., Fattah A., Daneman D., Licholai T., New M.I. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 80:3145-3150(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 182-211; 235-264 AND 325-354, VARIANTS AME CYS-186; CYS-208; 250-PRO-SER-251 AND 337-ARG-TYR-338 DELINS HIS. |
| [11] | "Mineralocorticoid activity of liquorice: 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency comes of age." Stewart P.M., Wallace A.M., Valentino R., Burt D., Shackleton C.H.L., Edwards C.R.W. Lancet 2:821-824(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION. |
| [12] | "The intracellular localization of the mineralocorticoid receptor is regulated by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2." Odermatt A., Arnold P., Frey F.J. J. Biol. Chem. 276:28484-28492(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH NR3C2. |
| [13] | "A mutation in the HSD11B2 gene in a family with apparent mineralocorticoid excess." Wilson R.C., Krozowski Z.S., Li K., Obeyesekere V.R., Razzaghy-Azar M., Harbison M.D., Wei J.-Q., Shackleton C.H.L., Funder J.W., New M.I. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 80:2263-2266(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT AME CYS-337. |
| [14] | "Human hypertension caused by mutations in the kidney isozyme of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase." Mune T., Rogerson F.M., Nikkilae H., Agarwal A.K., White P.C. Nat. Genet. 10:394-399(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS AME CYS-208; CYS-213; 250-PRO-SER-251 AND 337-ARG-TYR-338 DELINS HIS. |
| [15] | "A new compound heterozygous mutation in the 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene in a case of apparent mineralocorticoid excess." Kitanaka S., Katsumata N., Tanae A., Hibi I., Takeyama K., Fuse H., Kato S., Tanaka T. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82:4054-4058(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS AME HIS-208 AND 337-ARG-TYR-338 DELINS HIS. |
| [16] | "Molecular basis for hypertension in the 'type II variant' of apparent mineralocorticoid excess." Li A., Tedde R., Krozowski Z.S., Pala A., Li K.X.Z., Shackleton C.H.L., Mantero F., Palermo M., Stewart P.M. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 63:370-379(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT AME CYS-279. |
| [17] | "Examination of genotype and phenotype relationships in 14 patients with apparent mineralocorticoid excess." Dave-Sharma S., Wilson R.C., Harbison M.D., Newfield R., Azar M.R., Krozowski Z.S., Funder J.W., Shackleton C.H.L., Bradlow H.L., Wei J.-Q., Hertecant J., Moran A., Neiberger R.E., Balfe J.W., Fattah A., Daneman D., Akkurt H.I., De Santis C., New M.I. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83:2244-2254(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS AME CYS-186; CYS-208; ASN-244; ARG-250; 250-PRO-SER-251; CYS-337 AND 337-ARG-TYR-338 DELINS HIS. |
| [18] | "The codon 213 of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene is a hot spot for mutations in apparent mineralocorticoid excess." Rogoff D., Smolenicka Z., Bergada I., Vallejo G., Barontini M., Heinrich J.J., Ferrari P. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83:4391-4393(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT AME CYS-213. |
| [19] | "A genetic defect resulting in mild low-renin hypertension." Wilson R.C., Dave-Sharma S., Wei J.-Q., Obeyesekere V.R., Li K., Ferrari P., Krozowski Z.S., Shackleton C.H.L., Bradlow L., Wiens T., New M.I. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:10200-10205(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT HYPERTENSION LEU-227. |
| [20] | "Genetic, biochemical, and clinical studies of patients with A328V or R213C mutations in 11betaHSD2 causing apparent mineralocorticoid excess." Morineau G., Marc J.-M., Boudi A., Galons H., Gourmelen M., Corvol P., Pascoe L., Fiet J. Hypertension 34:435-441(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS AME CYS-213 AND VAL-328. |
| [21] | "Mutants of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11-HSD2) with partial activity: improved correlations between genotype and biochemical phenotype in apparent mineralocorticoid excess." Nunez B.S., Rogerson F.M., Mune T., Igarashi Y., Nakagawa Y., Phillipov G., Moudgil A., Travis L.B., Palermo M., Shackleton C.H.L., White P.C. Hypertension 34:638-642(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS AME ARG-179; PHE-180; HIS-208; VAL-237 AND VAL-328. |
| [22] | "A mutation in the cofactor-binding domain of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 associated with mineralocorticoid hypertension." Odermatt A., Dick B., Arnold P., Zaehner T., Plueschke V., Deregibus M.N., Repetto H., Frey B.M., Frey F.J., Ferrari P. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86:1247-1252(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT AME 114-LEU-GLU-115 DEL, MUTAGENESIS OF GLU-115. |
| [23] | "Two homozygous mutations in the 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene in a case of apparent mineralocorticoid excess." Carvajal C.A., Gonzalez A.A., Romero D.G., Gonzalez A., Mosso L.M., Lagos E.T., Hevia Mdel P., Rosati M.P., Perez-Acle T.O., Gomez-Sanchez C.E., Montero J.A., Fardella C.E. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88:2501-2507(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT AME ASN-223, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES. |
| [24] | "Impaired protein stability of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2: a novel mechanism of apparent mineralocorticoid excess." Atanasov A.G., Ignatova I.D., Nashev L.G., Dick B., Ferrari P., Frey F.J., Odermatt A. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 18:1262-1270(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS AME CYS-337 AND HIS-338, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, MUTAGENESIS OF ARG-335; ARG-336; ARG-337; TYR-338 AND TYR-339. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Web resources
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | U14631 mRNA. Translation: AAA91969.1. U27317 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAB48544.1. U26726 mRNA. Translation: AAC50356.1. EF694683 Genomic DNA. Translation: ABS29267.1. FJ515828 Genomic DNA. Translation: ACS13714.1. CH471092 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW83134.1. BC036780 mRNA. Translation: AAH36780.1. BC064536 mRNA. Translation: AAH64536.1. AY046280 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAK91586.1. |
| IPI | IPI00300050. |
| PIR | S62789. |
| RefSeq | NP_000187.3. NM_000196.3. |
| UniGene | Hs.1376. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | P80365. |
| ModBase | Search... |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | P80365. |
Polymorphism databases | |
| DMDM | 30316367. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | P80365. |
| PRIDE | P80365. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000326152; ENSP00000316786; ENSG00000176387. |
| GeneID | 3291. |
| KEGG | hsa:3291. |
| UCSC | uc002etd.3. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 3291. |
| GeneCards | GC16P067465. |
| HGNC | HGNC:5209. HSD11B2. |
| HPA | CAB032443. |
| MIM | 218030. phenotype. 614232. gene. |
| neXtProt | NX_P80365. |
| Orphanet | 320. Apparent mineralocorticoid excess. |
| PharmGKB | PA29477. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | COG1028. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG005482. |
| InParanoid | P80365. |
| KO | K00071. |
| OMA | CFKTESV. |
| OrthoDB | EOG49CQ89. |
| PhylomeDB | P80365. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| BRENDA | 1.1.1.146. 2681. |
Gene expression databases | |
| Bgee | P80365. |
| CleanEx | HS_HSD11B2. |
| Genevestigator | P80365. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000176387. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| Gene3D | 3.40.50.720. 1 hit. |
| InterPro | IPR002198. DH_sc/Rdtase_SDR. IPR002347. Glc/ribitol_DH. IPR016040. NAD(P)-bd_dom. IPR020904. Sc_DH/Rdtase_CS. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF00106. adh_short. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PRINTS | PR00081. GDHRDH. |
| PROSITE | PS00061. ADH_SHORT. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| BindingDB | P80365. |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL3746. |
| ChiTaRS | HSD11B2. human. |
| DrugBank | DB00157. NADH. |
| GenomeRNAi | 3291. |
| NextBio | 13055. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | DHI2_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: P80365 Secondary accession number(s): A7LB28 Q9UCW8 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
| ||||||||
| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 16 Human chromosome 16: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
