P80192 (M3K9_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 132.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 9 EC=2.7.11.25 Alternative name(s): Mixed lineage kinase 1 | ||||
| Gene names |
| ||||
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 1104 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. Plays an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by changes in the environment. Once activated, acts as an upstream activator of the MKK/JNK signal transduction cascade through the phosphorylation of MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 which in turn activate the JNKs. The MKK/JNK signaling pathway regulates stress response via activator protein-1 (JUN) and GATA4 transcription factors. Plays also a role in mitochondrial death signaling pathway, including the release cytochrome c, leading to apoptosis. Ref.1 Ref.6 Ref.8 |
| Catalytic activity | ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. |
| Cofactor | Magnesium. |
| Enzyme regulation | Homodimerization via the leucine zipper domains is required for autophosphorylation of multiple sites in the activation loop and subsequent activation. Autophosphorylation at Thr-312 is the key step in activation of MAP3K9/MLK1 and is required for full phosphorylation. Autophosphorylation at Thr-304 and Ser-308 have been shown to be of secondary importance in the activation of MAP3K9/MLK1. CEP-1347 and many indolocarbazole analogs have been shown to act as inhibitors of MAP3K9/MLK1 activity. Ref.1 Ref.5 Ref.7 |
| Subunit structure | Homodimer By similarity. |
| Tissue specificity | Expressed in epithelial tumor cell lines of colonic, breast and esophageal origin. Ref.4 |
| Post-translational modification | Autophosphorylation on serine and threonine residues within the activation loop plays a role in enzyme activation. Thr-312 is likely to be the main autophosphorylation site. Autophosphorylation also occurs on Thr-304 and Ser-308. |
| Involvement in disease | May play a role in esophageal cancer susceptibility and/or development. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase kinase kinase subfamily. Contains 1 protein kinase domain. Contains 1 SH3 domain. |
| Biophysicochemical properties | Kinetic parameters: KM=62 µM for ATP Ref.5 KM=7 µM for myelin basic protein (MBP) as substrate |
| Sequence caution | The sequence AAI11408.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Translation N-terminally extended. |
Ontologies
Binary interactions
With | Entry | #Exp. | IntAct | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HSP90AB1 | P08238 | 2 | EBI-3951604,EBI-352572 |
Alternative products
| This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform 1 (identifier: P80192-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform 2 (identifier: P80192-4) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 675-675: M → MALLAASWVVPIDIE |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 1104 | 1104 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 9 | PRO_0000086258 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Regions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domain | 52 – 116 | 65 | SH3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domain | 144 – 412 | 269 | Protein kinase | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 150 – 158 | 9 | ATP By similarity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Region | 430 – 451 | 22 | Leucine-zipper 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Region | 465 – 486 | 22 | Leucine-zipper 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compositional bias | 12 – 42 | 31 | Ala-rich | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compositional bias | 30 – 38 | 9 | Poly-Glu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compositional bias | 495 – 509 | 15 | Arg/Lys-rich (basic) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compositional bias | 863 – 972 | 110 | Pro-rich | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compositional bias | 1011 – 1041 | 31 | Ser-rich | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sites | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Active site | 268 | 1 | Proton acceptor By similarity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Binding site | 171 | 1 | ATP | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 304 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by autocatalysis Ref.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 305 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by autocatalysis Ref.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 308 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by autocatalysis Ref.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 312 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by autocatalysis Ref.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 675 | 1 | M → MALLAASWVVPIDIE in isoform 2. | VSP_013765 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 246 | 1 | A → V in a metastatic melanoma sample; somatic mutation. Ref.11 | VAR_040698 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 467 | 1 | R → C in a gastric adenocarcinoma sample; somatic mutation. Ref.11 | VAR_040699 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 497 | 1 | R → Q. Ref.11 Corresponds to variant rs56196343 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_040700 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 646 | 1 | Y → C. Ref.11 Corresponds to variant rs34322726 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_040701 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Experimental info | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 171 | 1 | K → A: Loss of kinase activity and threonine phosphorylation. Ref.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 304 | 1 | T → A: Reduces threonine phosphorylation. Impairs JNK activation. Ref.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 305 | 1 | T → A: Little effect on threonine phosphorylation. Mildly impairs JNK activation. Ref.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 308 | 1 | S → A: Impairs JNK activation. Ref.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 312 | 1 | T → A: Loss of threonine phosphorylation. Strongly impairs JNK activation. Ref.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 356 | 1 | A → R Ref.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 433 | 1 | M → T in AAQ23054. Ref.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 511 – 535 | 25 | KLKDG…QASPT → AQPVLPFPHGHSRCPGGTGS SWGGQ Ref.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary structure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Helix Strand Turn | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 143 – 153 | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 156 – 163 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 166 – 172 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 185 – 197 | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 206 – 210 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 217 – 221 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 228 – 232 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 239 – 258 | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 259 – 262 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 271 – 273 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 274 – 278 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 281 – 283 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 290 – 292 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 313 – 315 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 318 – 323 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 328 – 344 | 17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turn | 348 – 351 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 354 – 362 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 376 – 385 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 390 – 392 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 396 – 404 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Phosphoregulation of mixed-lineage kinase 1 activity by multiple phosphorylation in the activation loop." Durkin J.T., Holskin B.P., Kopec K.K., Reed M.S., Spais C.M., Steffy B.M., Gessner G., Angeles T.S., Pohl J., Ator M.A., Meyer S.L. Biochemistry 43:16348-16355(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), FUNCTION, ENZYME REGULATION, PHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-304; THR-305; SER-308 AND THR-312, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-171; THR-304; THR-305; SER-308 AND THR-312. |
| [2] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). |
| [3] | "cDNA sequence and gene organisation of mixed lineage kinase 1." McNee J.J., Dower S.K., Guesdon F. Submitted (APR-2000) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 53-1104 (ISOFORM 2). |
| [4] | "Identification of a new family of human epithelial protein kinases containing two leucine/isoleucine-zipper domains." Dorow D.S., Devereux L., Dietzsch E., de Kretser T. Eur. J. Biochem. 213:701-710(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 142-535, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. Tissue: Colon epithelium. |
| [5] | "Cep-1347 (KT7515), a semisynthetic inhibitor of the mixed lineage kinase family." Maroney A.C., Finn J.P., Connors T.J., Durkin J.T., Angeles T., Gessner G., Xu Z., Meyer S.L., Savage M.J., Greene L.A., Scott R.W., Vaught J.L. J. Biol. Chem. 276:25302-25308(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: ENZYME REGULATION, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, PHOSPHORYLATION OF MAP2K4/MKK4. |
| [6] | "The MLK family mediates c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation in neuronal apoptosis." Xu Z., Maroney A.C., Dobrzanski P., Kukekov N.V., Greene L.A. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21:4713-4724(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN THE APOPTOSIS PATHWAY. |
| [7] | "Mixed lineage kinase activity of indolocarbazole analogues." Murakata C., Kaneko M., Gessner G., Angeles T.S., Ator M.A., O'Kane T.M., McKenna B.A., Thomas B.A., Mathiasen J.R., Saporito M.S., Bozyczko-Coyne D., Hudkins R.L. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 12:147-150(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: ENZYME REGULATION. |
| [8] | "Genomic profiling of 766 cancer-related genes in archived esophageal normal and carcinoma tissues." Chen J., Guo L., Peiffer D.A., Zhou L., Chan O.T., Bibikova M., Wickham-Garcia E., Lu S.H., Zhan Q., Wang-Rodriguez J., Jiang W., Fan J.B. Int. J. Cancer 122:2249-2254(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: POSSIBLE ROLE IN ESOPHAGEAL CANCER. |
| [9] | "Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome." Oppermann F.S., Gnad F., Olsen J.V., Hornberger R., Greff Z., Keri G., Mann M., Daub H. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 8:1751-1764(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. |
| [10] | "Mixed-lineage kinase 1 and mixed-lineage kinase 3 subtype-selective dihydronaphthyl[3,4-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole-5-ones: optimization, mixed-lineage kinase 1 crystallography, and oral in vivo activity in 1-methyl-4-phenyltetrahydropyridine models." Hudkins R.L., Diebold J.L., Tao M., Josef K.A., Park C.H., Angeles T.S., Aimone L.D., Husten J., Ator M.A., Meyer S.L., Holskin B.P., Durkin J.T., Fedorov A.A., Fedorov E.V., Almo S.C., Mathiasen J.R., Bozyczko-Coyne D., Saporito M.S., Scott R.W., Mallamo J.P. J. Med. Chem. 51:5680-5689(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.6 ANGSTROMS) OF 136-406. |
| [11] | "Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes." Greenman C., Stephens P., Smith R., Dalgliesh G.L., Hunter C., Bignell G., Davies H., Teague J., Butler A., Stevens C., Edkins S., O'Meara S., Vastrik I., Schmidt E.E., Avis T., Barthorpe S., Bhamra G., Buck G. Stratton M.R.Nature 446:153-158(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] VAL-246; CYS-467; GLN-497 AND CYS-646. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | AY327900 mRNA. Translation: AAQ23054.1. BC111407 mRNA. Translation: AAI11408.1. Different initiation. BC133706 mRNA. Translation: AAI33707.1. AF251442 mRNA. Translation: AAG44591.1. | ||||||||||||
| IPI | IPI00008115. IPI00179189. | ||||||||||||
| PIR | JU0229. S32467. | ||||||||||||
| RefSeq | NP_149132.2. NM_033141.2. | ||||||||||||
| UniGene | Hs.445496. Hs.593542. | ||||||||||||
3D structure databases | |||||||||||||
| PDBe RCSB PDB PDBj |
| ||||||||||||
| ProteinModelPortal | P80192. | ||||||||||||
| ModBase | Search... | ||||||||||||
Protein-protein interaction databases | |||||||||||||
| IntAct | P80192. 1 interaction. | ||||||||||||
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000005198. | ||||||||||||
PTM databases | |||||||||||||
| PhosphoSite | P80192. | ||||||||||||
Polymorphism databases | |||||||||||||
| DMDM | 116242625. | ||||||||||||
Proteomic databases | |||||||||||||
| PaxDb | P80192. | ||||||||||||
| PRIDE | P80192. | ||||||||||||
Protocols and materials databases | |||||||||||||
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... | ||||||||||||
Genome annotation databases | |||||||||||||
| Ensembl | ENST00000554752; ENSP00000451612; ENSG00000006432. ENST00000555993; ENSP00000451263; ENSG00000006432. | ||||||||||||
| GeneID | 4293. | ||||||||||||
| KEGG | hsa:4293. | ||||||||||||
| UCSC | uc001xml.3. human. uc001xmm.3. human. | ||||||||||||
Organism-specific databases | |||||||||||||
| CTD | 4293. | ||||||||||||
| GeneCards | GC14M071189. | ||||||||||||
| H-InvDB | HIX0011779. | ||||||||||||
| HGNC | HGNC:6861. MAP3K9. | ||||||||||||
| HPA | HPA000942. | ||||||||||||
| MIM | 600136. gene. | ||||||||||||
| neXtProt | NX_P80192. | ||||||||||||
| PharmGKB | PA30607. | ||||||||||||
| GenAtlas | Search... | ||||||||||||
Phylogenomic databases | |||||||||||||
| eggNOG | COG0515. | ||||||||||||
| HOGENOM | HOG000060081. | ||||||||||||
| HOVERGEN | HBG067662. | ||||||||||||
| KO | K04417. | ||||||||||||
| OMA | PGAGMLK. | ||||||||||||
Gene expression databases | |||||||||||||
| ArrayExpress | P80192. | ||||||||||||
| Bgee | P80192. | ||||||||||||
| CleanEx | HS_MAP3K9. | ||||||||||||
| Genevestigator | P80192. | ||||||||||||
| GermOnline | ENSG00000006432. Homo sapiens. | ||||||||||||
Family and domain databases | |||||||||||||
| InterPro | IPR011009. Kinase-like_dom. IPR016231. MAPKKK9/10/11. IPR015785. MAPKKK9/10/11-like. IPR000719. Prot_kinase_cat_dom. IPR017441. Protein_kinase_ATP_BS. IPR001245. Ser-Thr/Tyr_kinase_cat_dom. IPR008271. Ser/Thr_kinase_AS. IPR011511. SH3_2. IPR001452. SH3_domain. IPR020635. Tyr_kinase_cat_dom. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| PANTHER | PTHR23257:SF87. PTHR23257:SF87. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||
| Pfam | PF00069. Pkinase. 1 hit. PF07653. SH3_2. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| PIRSF | PIRSF000556. MAPKKK9_11. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||
| PRINTS | PR00452. SH3DOMAIN. PR00109. TYRKINASE. | ||||||||||||
| SMART | SM00326. SH3. 1 hit. SM00219. TyrKc. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| SUPFAM | SSF56112. Kinase_like. 1 hit. SSF50044. SH3. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||
| PROSITE | PS00107. PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP. 1 hit. PS50011. PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM. 1 hit. PS00108. PROTEIN_KINASE_ST. 1 hit. PS50002. SH3. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| ProtoNet | Search... | ||||||||||||
Other | |||||||||||||
| BindingDB | P80192. | ||||||||||||
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL2872. | ||||||||||||
| EvolutionaryTrace | P80192. | ||||||||||||
| GenomeRNAi | 4293. | ||||||||||||
| NextBio | 16897. | ||||||||||||
| SOURCE | Search... | ||||||||||||
Entry information
| Entry name | M3K9_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: P80192 Secondary accession number(s): A3KN85 Q9H2N5 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
| ||||||||
| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human and mouse protein kinases Human and mouse protein kinases: classification and index |
| Human chromosome 14 Human chromosome 14: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| PDB cross-references Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
