Fractalkine precursor - Homo sapiens (Human)

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Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P78423 (X3CL1_HUMAN)

Last modified November 25, 2008. Version 84. History...

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Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Web resources · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents

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Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Fractalkine
Alternative name(s):
    C-X3-C motif chemokine 1
    Neurotactin
    CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine
    Small-inducible cytokine D1
Cleaved into the following chain:
    1- Recommended name:
            Processed fractalkine

Gene names

Name:	CX3CL1
Synonyms:	A-152E5.2, FKN, NTT, SCYD1

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human)

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

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Protein attributes

Sequence length	397 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

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General annotation (Comments)

Function	The soluble form is chemotactic for T-cells and monocytes, but not for neutrophils. The membrane-bound form promotes adhesion of those leukocytes to endothelial cells. May play a role in regulating leukocyte adhesion and migration processes at the endothelium. Binds to CX3CR1.
Subunit structure	Monomer.
Subcellular location	Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Processed fractalkine: Secreted.
Tissue specificity	Small intestine, colon, testis, prostate, heart, brain, lung, skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas.
Induction	By TNF and IL-1 in pulmonary endothelial cells and umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Post-translational modification	A soluble short 95 kDa form may be released by proteolytic cleavage from the long membrane-anchored form By similarity.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the intercrine delta family.

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Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Cell adhesion
Cellular component	Cell membrane Membrane Secreted
Domain	Signal Transmembrane
Molecular function	Cytokine
PTM	Glycoprotein
Technical term	3D-structure
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway Traceable author statement. Source: UniProtKB immune response Traceable author statement. Source: UniProtKB leukocyte adhesive activation Traceable author statement. Source: UniProtKB leukocyte chemotaxis Traceable author statement. Source: UniProtKB positive regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB positive regulation of inflammatory response Inferred from expression pattern. Source: UniProtKB
Cellular component	cell surface Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB extracellular space Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW integral to membrane Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB plasma membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Molecular function	chemokine activity Traceable author statement. Source: UniProtKB
Complete GO annotation...

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Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Molecule processing

Signal peptide

1 – 24

Chain

25 – 397

373

Fractalkine

PRO_0000005252

Chain

25 – ?339

315

Processed fractalkine

PRO_0000296224

Regions

Topological domain

25 – 341

317

Extracellular Potential

Transmembrane

342 – 362

Potential

Topological domain

363 – 397

Cytoplasmic Potential

Region

25 – 100

Chemokine

Region

101 – 341

241

Mucin-like stalk

Sites

Site

339 – 340

Cleavage; to produce soluble form Potential

Amino acid modifications

Glycosylation

N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential

Disulfide bond

32 ↔ 58

Disulfide bond

36 ↔ 74

Secondary structure

397

Helix Strand Turn

Details...

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Sequences

Sequence

Length

Mass (Da)

Tools

P78423-1 [UniParc].

Last modified May 1, 1997. Version 1.
Checksum: BAC71F5080DF9CA6
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FASTA

397

42,203

        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MAPISLSWLL RLATFCHLTV LLAGQHHGVT KCNITCSKMT SKIPVALLIH YQQNQASCGK 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
RAIILETRQH RLFCADPKEQ WVKDAMQHLD RQAAALTRNG GTFEKQIGEV KPRTTPAAGG 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
MDESVVLEPE ATGESSSLEP TPSSQEAQRA LGTSPELPTG VTGSSGTRLP PTPKAQDGGP 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
VGTELFRVPP VSTAATWQSS APHQPGPSLW AEAKTSEAPS TQDPSTQAST ASSPAPEENA 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
PSEGQRVWGQ GQSPRPENSL EREEMGPVPA HTDAFQDWGP GSMAHVSVVP VSSEGTPSRE 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
PVASGSWTPK AEEPIHATMD PQRLGVLITP VPDAQAATRR QAVGLLAFLG LLFCLGVAMF 

       370        380        390 
TYQSLQGCPR KMAGEMAEGL RYIPRSCGSN SYVLVPV

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References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"A new class of membrane-bound chemokine with a CX3C motif." Bazan J.F., Bacon K.B., Hardiman G., Wang W., Soo K., Rossi D., Greaves D.R., Zlotnik A., Schall T.J. Nature 385:640-644(1997) [PubMed: 9024663] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
[2]	"Genome duplications and other features in 12 Mb of DNA sequence from human chromosome 16p and 16q." Loftus B.J., Kim U.-J., Sneddon V.P., Kalush F., Brandon R., Fuhrmann J., Mason T., Crosby M.L., Barnstead M., Cronin L., Mays A.D., Cao Y., Xu R.X., Kang H.-L., Mitchell S., Eichler E.E., Harris P.C., Venter J.C., Adams M.D. Genomics 60:295-308(1999) [PubMed: 10493829] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[3]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Brain.
[4]	"Solution structure and dynamics of the CX3C chemokine domain of fractalkine and its interaction with an N-terminal fragment of CX3CR1." Mizoue L.S., Bazan J.F., Johnson E.C., Handel T.M. Biochemistry 38:1402-1414(1999) [PubMed: 9931005] [Abstract] Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 25-100.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

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Web resources

Wikipedia

CX3CL1 entry

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Cross-references

Sequence databases

U91835 mRNA. Translation: AAB50014.1.
U84487 mRNA. Translation: AAB49679.1.
AC004382 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC24307.1.
BC001163 mRNA. Translation: AAH01163.1.
BC016164 mRNA. Translation: AAH16164.1.

RefSeq

NP_002987.1.

UniGene

Hs.531668

3D structure databases

Entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
1B2T	NMR	-	A	25-100	[»]
1F2L	X-ray	2.00	A/B/C/D	25-100	[»]

ModBase

Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

DIP

DIP:5878N.

Proteomic databases

PeptideAtlas

P78423.

Genome annotation databases

Ensembl

ENSG00000006210. Homo sapiens. [Contig view]

GeneID

6376.

KEGG

hsa:6376.

Organism-specific databases

H-InvDB

HIX0013072.

HGNC

HGNC:10647. CX3CL1.

MIM

601880. gene.

PharmGKB

PA35577.

GenAtlas

Search...

GeneCards

Search...

Phylogenomic databases

HOGENOM

P78423.

HOVERGEN

P78423.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpress

P78423.

CleanEx

HS_CX3CL1.

GermOnline

ENSG00000006210. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

InterPro

IPR001811. Chemokine_IL8.
IPR008097. Fractalkine.
[Graphical view]

Pfam

PF00048. IL8. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

PRINTS

PR01721. FRACTALKINE.

SMART

SM00199. SCY. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

ProtoNet

Search...

Other Resources

NextBio

24772.

SOURCE

Search...

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Entry information

Entry name

X3CL1_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P78423
Secondary accession number(s): O00672

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 15, 1999
Last sequence update:	May 1, 1997
Last modified:	November 25, 2008
This is version 84 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)

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Relevant documents

Human chromosome 16

Human chromosome 16: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM

MIM cross-references

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

PDB cross-references

Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references

SIMILARITY comments

Index of protein domains and families

Names and origin

Protein attributes

General annotation (Comments)

Ontologies

Keywords

Gene Ontology (GO)

Sequence annotation (Features)

Molecule processing

Regions

Sites

Amino acid modifications

Secondary structure

Sequences

References

Web resources

Cross-references

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Proteomic databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Gene expression databases

Family and domain databases

Other Resources

Entry information

Relevant documents