UniProtKB - P70696 (H2B1A_MOUSE)
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Protein
Histone H2B type 1-A
Gene
Hist1h2ba
Organism
Mus musculus (Mouse)
Status
Functioni
Variant histone specifically required to direct the transformation of dissociating nucleosomes to protamine in male germ cells (PubMed:23884607, PubMed:28366643). Entirely replaces classical histone H2B prior nucleosome to protamine transition and probably acts as a nucleosome dissociating factor that creates a more dynamic chromatin, facilitating the large-scale exchange of histones (PubMed:23884607). In condensing spermatids, the heterodimer between H2AFB1 and HIST1H2BA/TH2B is loaded onto the nucleosomes and promotes loading of transition proteins (TNP1 and TNP2) onto the nucleosomes (PubMed:28366643). Inclusion of the H2AFB1-HIST1H2BA/TH2B dimer into chromatin opens the nucleosomes, releasing the nucleosomal DNA ends and allowing the invasion of nucleosomes by transition proteins (TNP1 and TNP2) (PubMed:28366643). Then, transition proteins drive the recruitment and processing of protamines, which are responsible for histone eviction (PubMed:28366643). Also expressed maternally and is present in the female pronucleus, suggesting a similar role in protamine replacement by nucleosomes at fertilization (PubMed:23884607). Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.2 Publications
GO - Molecular functioni
- DNA binding Source: GO_Central
- histone binding Source: UniProtKB
- protein heterodimerization activity Source: InterPro
GO - Biological processi
- chromatin organization Source: MGI
- inflammatory response Source: MGI
- mononuclear cell migration Source: MGI
- nucleosome assembly Source: UniProtKB
- nucleosome disassembly Source: UniProtKB
- plasminogen activation Source: MGI
- positive regulation of binding Source: MGI
- spermatogenesis, exchange of chromosomal proteins Source: UniProtKB
Keywordsi
Molecular function | DNA-binding |
Enzyme and pathway databases
Reactomei | R-MMU-1221633. Meiotic Synapsis. R-MMU-201722. Formation of the beta-catenin:TCF transactivating complex. R-MMU-212300. PRC2 methylates histones and DNA. R-MMU-2299718. Condensation of Prophase Chromosomes. R-MMU-2559580. Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence. R-MMU-2559582. Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP). R-MMU-2559586. DNA Damage/Telomere Stress Induced Senescence. R-MMU-3214847. HATs acetylate histones. R-MMU-427359. SIRT1 negatively regulates rRNA expression. R-MMU-427413. NoRC negatively regulates rRNA expression. R-MMU-5250924. B-WICH complex positively regulates rRNA expression. R-MMU-5578749. Transcriptional regulation by small RNAs. R-MMU-5625886. Activated PKN1 stimulates transcription of AR (androgen receptor) regulated genes KLK2 and KLK3. R-MMU-5693565. Recruitment and ATM-mediated phosphorylation of repair and signaling proteins at DNA double strand breaks. R-MMU-5693571. Nonhomologous End-Joining (NHEJ). R-MMU-5693607. Processing of DNA double-strand break ends. R-MMU-573389. NoRC negatively regulates rRNA expression. R-MMU-69473. G2/M DNA damage checkpoint. R-MMU-73728. RNA Polymerase I Promoter Opening. R-MMU-73777. RNA Polymerase I Chain Elongation. R-MMU-8866654. E3 ubiquitin ligases ubiquitinate target proteins. R-MMU-8936459. RUNX1 regulates genes involved in megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet function. R-MMU-8939236. RUNX1 regulates transcription of genes involved in differentiation of HSCs. R-MMU-912497. Meiotic Recombination. |
Names & Taxonomyi
Protein namesi | Recommended name: Histone H2B type 1-AAlternative name(s): Histone H2B, testis Testis-specific histone H2B1 Publication |
Gene namesi | |
Organismi | Mus musculus (Mouse) |
Taxonomic identifieri | 10090 [NCBI] |
Taxonomic lineagei | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Myomorpha › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Mus › Mus |
Proteomesi |
|
Organism-specific databases
MGIi | MGI:2448375. Hist1h2ba. |
PTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Initiator methioninei | RemovedBy similarity | |||
ChainiPRO_0000071843 | 2 – 127 | Histone H2B type 1-AAdd BLAST | 126 |
Amino acid modifications
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Modified residuei | 2 | N-acetylprolineBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 7 | N6-acetyllysine; alternateBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 7 | N6-crotonyllysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Cross-linki | 7 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in SUMO2); alternateBy similarity | ||
Modified residuei | 13 | N6-acetyllysine; alternateBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 13 | N6-crotonyllysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 14 | N6-acetyllysine; alternateBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 14 | N6-crotonyllysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 17 | N6-acetyllysine; alternateBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 17 | N6-crotonyllysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 18 | N6-acetyllysine; alternateBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 18 | N6-crotonyllysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 22 | N6-acetyllysine; alternateBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 22 | N6-crotonyllysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Cross-linki | 22 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in SUMO2); alternateBy similarity | ||
Modified residuei | 25 | N6-acetyllysine; alternateBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 25 | N6-crotonyllysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 36 | N6-crotonyllysine; alternate1 Publication | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 36 | N6-succinyllysine; alternateBy similarity | 1 | |
Cross-linki | 36 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in ubiquitin); alternateBy similarity | ||
Modified residuei | 38 | PhosphoserineBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 48 | N6-methyllysineBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 59 | N6,N6-dimethyllysineBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 81 | Dimethylated arginineBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 87 | N6,N6,N6-trimethyllysine; alternateBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 87 | N6-acetyllysine; alternateBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 88 | Omega-N-methylarginineBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 94 | Omega-N-methylarginineBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 110 | N6-methyllysineBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 117 | PhosphothreonineBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 118 | N6-methylated lysine; alternateBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 118 | N6-succinyllysine; alternateBy similarity | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 122 | N6-succinyllysine; alternateBy similarity | 1 | |
Cross-linki | 122 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in ubiquitin); alternateBy similarity |
Post-translational modificationi
Monoubiquitination at Lys-36 by the MSL1/MSL2 dimer is required for histone H3 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) and 'Lys-79' (H3K79me) methylation and transcription activation at specific gene loci, such as HOXA9 and MEIS1 loci. Similarly, monoubiquitination of Lys-122 (H2BK120Ub) by the RNF20/40 complex gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation and is also prerequisite for histone H3 'Lys-4' and 'Lys-79' methylation. It also functions cooperatively with the FACT dimer to stimulate elongation by RNA polymerase II. H2BK120Ub also acts as a regulator of mRNA splicing: deubiquitination by USP49 is required for efficient cotranscriptional splicing of a large set of exons (By similarity).By similarity
Crotonylation (Kcr) is specifically present in male germ cells and marks testis-specific genes in post-meiotic cells, including X-linked genes that escape sex chromosome inactivation in haploid cells. Crotonylation marks active promoters and enhancers and confers resistance to transcriptional repressors. It is also associated with post-meiotically activated genes on autosomes.1 Publication
Acetylated during spermatogenesis. Acetylated form is most abundant in spermatogonia compared to spermatocytes and round spermatids (By similarity).By similarity
Phosphorylated at Thr-117 in spermatogonia, spermatocytes and round spermatids.By similarity
Methylated at Lys-118 in spermatogonia, spermatocytes and round spermatids.By similarity
Keywords - PTMi
Acetylation, Isopeptide bond, Methylation, Phosphoprotein, Ubl conjugationProteomic databases
EPDi | P70696. |
MaxQBi | P70696. |
PaxDbi | P70696. |
PeptideAtlasi | P70696. |
PRIDEi | P70696. |
TopDownProteomicsi | P70696. |
PTM databases
iPTMneti | P70696. |
PhosphoSitePlusi | P70696. |
Expressioni
Tissue specificityi
Mainly expressed in testis, and the corresponding protein is also present in mature sperm. Also present in metaphase oocytes (at protein level).2 Publications
Developmental stagei
Accumulates at 10 day postpartum (dpp), when pre-leptotene/leptotene spermatocytes first appear and when H2B expression shows a drastic decrease. Replaces H2B by 18 dpp in spermatocytes. Also present in metaphase oocytes and in the female pronucleus at fertilization and is also rapidly incorporated into the male pronucleus.1 Publication
Gene expression databases
Bgeei | ENSMUSG00000050799. |
CleanExi | MM_HIST1H2BA. |
Interactioni
Subunit structurei
The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers (PubMed:23884607). Interacts with H2AFB1; preferentially dimerizes with H2AFB1 to form nucleosomes (PubMed:28366643).2 Publications
GO - Molecular functioni
- histone binding Source: UniProtKB
- protein heterodimerization activity Source: InterPro
Protein-protein interaction databases
BioGridi | 235096. 2 interactors. |
CORUMi | P70696. |
IntActi | P70696. 1 interactor. |
MINTi | P70696. |
STRINGi | 10090.ENSMUSP00000056604. |
Structurei
Secondary structure
Legend: HelixTurnBeta strandPDB Structure known for this area
Show more detailsFeature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Helixi | 40 – 50 | Combined sources | 11 | |
Helixi | 58 – 85 | Combined sources | 28 | |
Beta strandi | 89 – 91 | Combined sources | 3 | |
Helixi | 93 – 103 | Combined sources | 11 | |
Helixi | 106 – 124 | Combined sources | 19 |
3D structure databases
Select the link destinations: PDBei RCSB PDBi PDBji Links Updated | PDB entry | Method | Resolution (Å) | Chain | Positions | PDBsum |
3X1T | X-ray | 2.81 | D/H | 2-127 | [»] | |
3X1V | X-ray | 2.92 | D/H | 2-127 | [»] | |
ProteinModelPortali | P70696. | |||||
SMRi | P70696. | |||||
ModBasei | Search... | |||||
MobiDBi | Search... |
Family & Domainsi
Sequence similaritiesi
Belongs to the histone H2B family.Curated
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | KOG1744. Eukaryota. ENOG4111NV5. LUCA. |
GeneTreei | ENSGT00760000118976. |
HOGENOMi | HOG000231213. |
HOVERGENi | HBG007774. |
InParanoidi | P70696. |
KOi | K11252. |
OMAi | XYLNSSI. |
OrthoDBi | EOG091G0XGD. |
PhylomeDBi | P70696. |
TreeFami | TF300212. |
Family and domain databases
Gene3Di | 1.10.20.10. 1 hit. |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR009072. Histone-fold. IPR007125. Histone_H2A/H2B/H3. IPR000558. Histone_H2B. |
PANTHERi | PTHR23428. PTHR23428. 1 hit. |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF00125. Histone. 1 hit. |
PRINTSi | PR00621. HISTONEH2B. |
SMARTi | View protein in SMART SM00427. H2B. 1 hit. |
SUPFAMi | SSF47113. SSF47113. 1 hit. |
PROSITEi | View protein in PROSITE PS00357. HISTONE_H2B. 1 hit. |
i Sequence
Sequence statusi: Complete.
: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. Sequence processingi
P70696-1 [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
10 20 30 40 50
MPEVAVKGAT ISKKGFKKAV TKTQKKEGRK RKRCRKESYS IYIYKVLKQV
60 70 80 90 100
HPDTGISSKA MSIMNSFVTD IFERIASEAS RLAHYNKRST ITSREIQTAV
110 120
RLLLPGELAK HAVSEGTKAV TKYTSSK
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | X90778 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA62299.1. AY158939 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO06249.1. AL606464 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI35973.1. |
CCDSi | CCDS26373.1. |
RefSeqi | NP_783594.1. NM_175663.2. |
UniGenei | Mm.377879. |
Genome annotation databases
Ensembli | ENSMUST00000052776; ENSMUSP00000056604; ENSMUSG00000050799. |
GeneIDi | 319177. |
KEGGi | mmu:319177. |
UCSCi | uc007pvi.2. mouse. |
Similar proteinsi
Entry informationi
Entry namei | H2B1A_MOUSE | |
Accessioni | P70696Primary (citable) accession number: P70696 Secondary accession number(s): Q5NCL9 | |
Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: | August 16, 2004 |
Last sequence update: | January 23, 2007 | |
Last modified: | March 28, 2018 | |
This is version 142 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | |
Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program |