P68404 (KPCB_MOUSE) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 102.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Protein kinase C beta type Short name=PKC-B Short name=PKC-beta EC=2.7.11.13 | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Mus musculus (Mouse) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 10090 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Sciurognathi › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Mus › Mus![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 671 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Calcium-activated, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various cellular processes such as regulation of the B-cell receptor (BCR) signalosome, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, androgen receptor-dependent transcription regulation, insulin signaling and endothelial cells proliferation. Plays a key role in B-cell activation by regulating BCR-induced NF-kappa-B activation. Mediates the activation of the canonical NF-kappa-B pathway (NFKB1) by direct phosphorylation of CARD11/CARMA1 at 'Ser-559', 'Ser-644' and 'Ser-652'. Phosphorylation induces CARD11/CARMA1 association with lipid rafts and recruitment of the BCL10-MALT1 complex as well as MAP3K7/TAK1, which then activates IKK complex, resulting in nuclear translocation and activation of NFKB1. Plays a direct role in the negative feedback regulation of the BCR signaling, by down-modulating BTK function via direct phosphorylation of BTK at 'Ser-180', which results in the alteration of BTK plasma membrane localization and in turn inhibition of BTK activity. Involved in apoptosis following oxidative damage: in case of oxidative conditions, specifically phosphorylates 'Ser-36' of isoform p66Shc of SHC1, leading to mitochondrial accumulation of p66Shc, where p66Shc acts as a reactive oxygen species producer. Acts as a coactivator of androgen receptor (ANDR)-dependent transcription, by being recruited to ANDR target genes and specifically mediating phosphorylation of 'Thr-6' of histone H3 (H3T6ph), a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation that prevents demethylation of histone H3 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) by LSD1/KDM1A. In insulin signaling, may function downstream of IRS1 in muscle cells and mediate insulin-dependent DNA synthesis through the RAF1-MAPK/ERK signaling cascade. May participate in the regulation of glucose transport in adipocytes by negatively modulating the insulin-stimulated translocation of the glucose transporter SLC2A4/GLUT4. Under high glucose in pancreatic beta-cells, is probably involved in the inhibition of the insulin gene transcription, via regulation of MYC expression. In endothelial cells, activation of PRKCB induces increased phosphorylation of RB1, increased VEGFA-induced cell proliferation, and inhibits PI3K/AKT-dependent nitric oxide synthase (NOS3/eNOS) regulation by insulin, which causes endothelial dysfunction. Also involved in triglyceride homeostasis By similarity. Ref.5 Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.15 |
| Catalytic activity | ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. |
| Cofactor | Binds 3 calcium ions per subunit. The ions are bound to the C2 domain By similarity. |
| Enzyme regulation | Classical (or conventional) PKCs (PRKCA, PRKCB and PRKCG) are activated by calcium and diacylglycerol (DAG) in the presence of phosphatidylserine. Three specific sites; Thr-500 (activation loop of the kinase domain), Thr-642 (turn motif) and Ser-661 (hydrophobic region), need to be phosphorylated for its full activation. Specifically inhibited by enzastaurin (LY317615) By similarity. |
| Subunit structure | Interacts with PDK1. Interacts in vitro with PRKCBP1. Interacts with PHLPP1 and PHLPP2; both proteins mediate its dephosphorylation. Interacts with KDM1A/LSD1, PKN1 and ANDR By similarity. Ref.11 |
| Subcellular location | Cytoplasm By similarity. Nucleus By similarity. Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein By similarity. |
| Post-translational modification | Phosphorylation on Thr-500 within the activation loop renders it competent to autophosphorylate. Subsequent autophosphorylation of Thr-642 maintains catalytic competence, and autophosphorylation on Ser-661 appears to release the kinase into the cytosol. Autophosphorylation on other sites i.e. in the N-terminal and hinge regions have no effect on enzyme activity By similarity. Phosphorylation at Tyr-662 by SYK induces binding with GRB2 and contributes to the activation of MAPK/ERK signaling cascade. |
| Disruption phenotype | Mice develop an immunodeficiency characterized by impaired humoral immune responses and reduced cellular responses of B-cells similar to X-linked immunodeficiency (Xid). Mice are unable to activate NF-kappa-B and promote cell survival in B-cells upon BCR signaling, or even in mast cells. B-cells fail to recruit the I-kappa-B kinase (IKK) complex into lipid rafts, activate IKK, degrade I-kappa-B or up-regulate NF-kappa-B-dependent survival signals. Moreover, mutant animals are hyperphagic and exhibit higher food intake and reduced feed efficiency versus wild type. Mice are considerably leaner and display markedly decreased size of white fat depots. Triglyceride content in the liver and skeletal muscle is also significantly low. Ref.5 Ref.8 Ref.16 |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PKC subfamily. Contains 1 AGC-kinase C-terminal domain. Contains 1 C2 domain. Contains 2 phorbol-ester/DAG-type zinc fingers. Contains 1 protein kinase domain. |
Ontologies
Binary interactions
With | Entry | #Exp. | IntAct | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMPR2 | Q13873 | 4 | EBI-397048,EBI-527196 | From a different organism. |
| EIF6 | P56537 | 2 | EBI-397048,EBI-372243 | From a different organism. |
Alternative products
| This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform Beta-I (identifier: P68404-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform Beta-II (identifier: P68404-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 622-671: RDKRDTSNFD...YTNPEFVINV → CGRNAENFDR...SEFLKPEVKS |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initiator methionine | 1 | 1 | Removed By similarity | ||||||
| Chain | 2 – 671 | 670 | Protein kinase C beta type | PRO_0000055685 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Domain | 173 – 260 | 88 | C2 | ||||||
| Domain | 342 – 600 | 259 | Protein kinase | ||||||
| Domain | 601 – 671 | 71 | AGC-kinase C-terminal | ||||||
| Zinc finger | 36 – 86 | 51 | Phorbol-ester/DAG-type 1 | ||||||
| Zinc finger | 101 – 151 | 51 | Phorbol-ester/DAG-type 2 | ||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 348 – 356 | 9 | ATP By similarity | ||||||
Sites | |||||||||
| Active site | 466 | 1 | Proton acceptor By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 186 | 1 | Calcium 1; via carbonyl oxygen By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 187 | 1 | Calcium 1 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 187 | 1 | Calcium 2 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 193 | 1 | Calcium 2 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 246 | 1 | Calcium 1 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 246 | 1 | Calcium 2 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 247 | 1 | Calcium 2; via carbonyl oxygen By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 248 | 1 | Calcium 1 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 248 | 1 | Calcium 2 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 248 | 1 | Calcium 3 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 251 | 1 | Calcium 3 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 252 | 1 | Calcium 3; via carbonyl oxygen By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 254 | 1 | Calcium 1 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 254 | 1 | Calcium 3 By similarity | ||||||
| Binding site | 371 | 1 | ATP By similarity | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 2 | 1 | N-acetylalanine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 16 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by autocatalysis By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 17 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by autocatalysis By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 195 | 1 | Phosphotyrosine Ref.17 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 250 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by autocatalysis By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 314 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by autocatalysis By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 324 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by autocatalysis By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 500 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by PDPK1 By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 504 | 1 | Phosphothreonine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 635 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by autocatalysis By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 642 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by autocatalysis By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 661 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 662 | 1 | Phosphotyrosine; by SYK Ref.10 | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 622 – 671 | 50 | RDKRD…FVINV → CGRNAENFDRFFTRHPPVLT PPDQEVIRNIDQSEFEGFSF VNSEFLKPEVKS in isoform Beta-II. | VSP_041812 | |||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Isolation of cloned mouse protein kinase C beta-II cDNA and its sequence." Tang Y.-M., Ashendel C.L. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:5310-5310(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM BETA-I). Strain: ICR X Swiss Webster. Tissue: Brain. |
| [2] | "Nucleotide sequence of cDNA for mouse brain protein kinase C beta-I subspecies." Powell C.T. Submitted (APR-1991) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM BETA-II). |
| [3] | "Lineage-specific biology revealed by a finished genome assembly of the mouse." Church D.M., Goodstadt L., Hillier L.W., Zody M.C., Goldstein S., She X., Bult C.J., Agarwala R., Cherry J.L., DiCuccio M., Hlavina W., Kapustin Y., Meric P., Maglott D., Birtle Z., Marques A.C., Graves T., Zhou S. Ponting C.P.PLoS Biol. 7:E1000112-E1000112(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: C57BL/6J. |
| [4] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS BETA-I). |
| [5] | "Immunodeficiency in protein kinase cbeta-deficient mice." Leitges M., Schmedt C., Guinamard R., Davoust J., Schaal S., Stabel S., Tarakhovsky A. Science 273:788-791(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE. |
| [6] | "Effects of knockout of the protein kinase C beta gene on glucose transport and glucose homeostasis." Standaert M.L., Bandyopadhyay G., Galloway L., Soto J., Ono Y., Kikkawa U., Farese R.V., Leitges M. Endocrinology 140:4470-4477(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN INSULIN SIGNALING. |
| [7] | "Protein kinase C beta controls nuclear factor kappaB activation in B cells through selective regulation of the IkappaB kinase alpha." Saijo K., Mecklenbrauker I., Santana A., Leitger M., Schmedt C., Tarakhovsky A. J. Exp. Med. 195:1647-1652(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [8] | "PKC-beta controls I kappa B kinase lipid raft recruitment and activation in response to BCR signaling." Su T.T., Guo B., Kawakami Y., Sommer K., Chae K., Humphries L.A., Kato R.M., Kang S., Patrone L., Wall R., Teitell M., Leitges M., Kawakami T., Rawlings D.J. Nat. Immunol. 3:780-786(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE. |
| [9] | "Characterization of protein kinase C beta isoform's action on retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation, vascular endothelial growth factor-induced endothelial cell proliferation, and retinal neovascularization." Suzuma K., Takahara N., Suzuma I., Isshiki K., Ueki K., Leitges M., Aiello L.P., King G.L. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99:721-726(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS PROLIFERATION. |
| [10] | "A Ras activation pathway dependent on Syk phosphorylation of protein kinase C." Kawakami Y., Kitaura J., Yao L., McHenry R.W., Kawakami Y., Newton A.C., Kang S., Kato R.M., Leitges M., Rawlings D.J., Kawakami T. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100:9470-9475(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT TYR-662. |
| [11] | "Phosphorylation of the CARMA1 linker controls NF-kappaB activation." Sommer K., Guo B., Pomerantz J.L., Bandaranayake A.D., Moreno-Garcia M.E., Ovechkina Y.L., Rawlings D.J. Immunity 23:561-574(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH CARD11. |
| [12] | "PKC beta regulates BCR-mediated IKK activation by facilitating the interaction between TAK1 and CARMA1." Shinohara H., Yasuda T., Aiba Y., Sanjo H., Hamadate M., Watarai H., Sakurai H., Kurosaki T. J. Exp. Med. 202:1423-1431(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN NF-KAPPA-B ACTIVATION. |
| [13] | "Activation of vascular protein kinase C-beta inhibits Akt-dependent endothelial nitric oxide synthase function in obesity-associated insulin resistance." Naruse K., Rask-Madsen C., Takahara N., Ha S.W., Suzuma K., Way K.J., Jacobs J.R., Clermont A.C., Ueki K., Ohshiro Y., Zhang J., Goldfine A.B., King G.L. Diabetes 55:691-698(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. |
| [14] | "Comprehensive identification of phosphorylation sites in postsynaptic density preparations." Trinidad J.C., Specht C.G., Thalhammer A., Schoepfer R., Burlingame A.L. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 5:914-922(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-641 (ISOFORM BETA-I), MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Brain. |
| [15] | "Protein kinase C beta and prolyl isomerase 1 regulate mitochondrial effects of the life-span determinant p66Shc." Pinton P., Rimessi A., Marchi S., Orsini F., Migliaccio E., Giorgio M., Contursi C., Minucci S., Mantovani F., Wieckowski M.R., Del Sal G., Pelicci P.G., Rizzuto R. Science 315:659-663(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [16] | "Protein kinase C deficiency increases fatty acid oxidation and reduces fat storage." Bansode R.R., Huang W., Roy S.K., Mehta M., Mehta K.D. J. Biol. Chem. 283:231-236(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE. |
| [17] | "Large-scale identification and evolution indexing of tyrosine phosphorylation sites from murine brain." Ballif B.A., Carey G.R., Sunyaev S.R., Gygi S.P. J. Proteome Res. 7:311-318(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT TYR-195, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Brain. |
| [18] | "Qualitative and quantitative analyses of protein phosphorylation in naive and stimulated mouse synaptosomal preparations." Munton R.P., Tweedie-Cullen R., Livingstone-Zatchej M., Weinandy F., Waidelich M., Longo D., Gehrig P., Potthast F., Rutishauser D., Gerrits B., Panse C., Schlapbach R., Mansuy I.M. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 6:283-293(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-641 (ISOFORM BETA-I), MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Brain cortex. |
| [19] | "Solid tumor proteome and phosphoproteome analysis by high resolution mass spectrometry." Zanivan S., Gnad F., Wickstroem S.A., Geiger T., Macek B., Cox J., Faessler R., Mann M. J. Proteome Res. 7:5314-5326(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-641 (ISOFORM BETA-I), MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Melanoma. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | X53532 mRNA. Translation: CAA37611.1. X59274 mRNA. No translation available. AC016522 Genomic DNA. No translation available. AC122232 Genomic DNA. No translation available. AC123837 Genomic DNA. No translation available. AC151986 Genomic DNA. No translation available. BC127083 mRNA. Translation: AAI27084.1. |
| IPI | IPI00227898. IPI00757755. |
| PIR | S11213. |
| RefSeq | NP_032881.1. NM_008855.2. |
| UniGene | Mm.207496. Mm.446371. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | P68404. |
| SMR | P68404. Positions 37-668. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| IntAct | P68404. 5 interactions. |
| MINT | MINT-98059. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | P68404. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | P68404. |
| PRIDE | P68404. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENSMUST00000064921; ENSMUSP00000064812; ENSMUSG00000052889. ENSMUST00000064989; ENSMUSP00000070019; ENSMUSG00000052889. |
| GeneID | 18751. |
| KEGG | mmu:18751. |
| UCSC | uc009jot.1. mouse. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 5579. |
| MGI | MGI:97596. Prkcb. |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | COG0515. |
| GeneTree | ENSGT00640000091170. |
| HOGENOM | HOG000233022. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG108317. |
| InParanoid | A0JNZ5. |
| KO | K02677. |
| OMA | QAHIDRE. |
| OrthoDB | EOG40ZQX0. |
Gene expression databases | |
| Bgee | P68404. |
| Genevestigator | P68404. |
| GermOnline | ENSMUSG00000052889. Mus musculus. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR000961. AGC-kinase_C. IPR000008. C2_Ca-dep. IPR008973. C2_Ca/lipid-bd_dom_CaLB. IPR020477. C2_dom. IPR018029. C2_membr_targeting. IPR020454. DAG/PE-bd. IPR011009. Kinase-like_dom. IPR017892. Pkinase_C. IPR002219. Prot_Kinase_C-like_PE/DAG-bd. IPR000719. Prot_kinase_cat_dom. IPR017441. Protein_kinase_ATP_BS. IPR014375. Protein_kinase_C_a/b/g. IPR002290. Ser/Thr_dual-sp_kinase_dom. IPR008271. Ser/Thr_kinase_AS. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF00130. C1_1. 2 hits. PF00168. C2. 1 hit. PF00069. Pkinase. 1 hit. PF00433. Pkinase_C. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PIRSF | PIRSF000550. PKC_alpha. 1 hit. |
| PRINTS | PR00360. C2DOMAIN. PR00008. DAGPEDOMAIN. |
| SMART | SM00109. C1. 2 hits. SM00239. C2. 1 hit. SM00133. S_TK_X. 1 hit. SM00220. S_TKc. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SUPFAM | SSF49562. C2_CaLB. 1 hit. SSF56112. Kinase_like. 1 hit. |
| PROSITE | PS51285. AGC_KINASE_CTER. 1 hit. PS50004. C2. 1 hit. PS00107. PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP. 1 hit. PS50011. PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM. 1 hit. PS00108. PROTEIN_KINASE_ST. 1 hit. PS00479. ZF_DAG_PE_1. 2 hits. PS50081. ZF_DAG_PE_2. 2 hits. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| BindingDB | P68404. |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL3042. |
| ChiTaRS | PRKCB. mouse. |
| NextBio | 294921. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | KPCB_MOUSE | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: P68404 Secondary accession number(s): A0JNZ5 P04411 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human and mouse protein kinases Human and mouse protein kinases: classification and index |
| MGD cross-references Mouse Genome Database (MGD) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
