P62894 (CYC_BOVIN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Cytochrome c

Gene names

Name:	CYCS
Synonyms:	CYC

Organism

Bos taurus (Bovine) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9913 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Laurasiatheria › Cetartiodactyla › Ruminantia › Pecora › Bovidae › Bovinae › Bos

Protein attributes

Sequence length	105 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases By similarity.
Subcellular location	Mitochondrion intermembrane space. Note: Loosely associated with the inner membrane.
Post-translational modification	Binds 1 heme group per subunit. Phosphorylation at Tyr-49 and Tyr-98 both reduce by half the turnover in the reaction with cytochrome c oxidase, down-regulating mitochondrial respiration.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the cytochrome c family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Apoptosis Electron transport Respiratory chain Transport
Cellular component	Mitochondrion
Ligand	Heme Iron Metal-binding
PTM	Acetylation Phosphoprotein
Technical term	3D-structure Complete proteome Direct protein sequencing Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	apoptotic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW electron transport chain Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular_component	mitochondrial intermembrane space Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell respiratory chain Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Molecular_function	electron carrier activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro heme binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro iron ion binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Molecule processing

Initiator methionine

1

1

Removed Ref.2

Chain

2 – 105

104

Cytochrome c

PRO_0000108209

Sites

Metal binding

19

1

Iron (heme axial ligand)

Metal binding

81

1

Iron (heme axial ligand)

Binding site

15

1

Heme (covalent)

Binding site

18

1

Heme (covalent)

Amino acid modifications

Modified residue

2

1

N-acetylglycine Ref.2

Modified residue

49

1

Phosphotyrosine Ref.3

Modified residue

98

1

Phosphotyrosine Ref.4

Secondary structure

1

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

105

Helix Strand Turn

Details...

Helix

4 – 14

11

Turn

15 – 18

4

Helix

51 – 55

5

Helix

62 – 68

7

Helix

72 – 75

4

Helix

89 – 102

14

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P62894 [UniParc]. Last modified January 23, 2007. Version 2. Checksum: AF0CA628EDF40483	FASTA	105	11,704
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MGDVEKGKKI FVQKCAQCHT VEKGGKHKTG PNLHGLFGRK TGQAPGFSYT DANKNKGITW 70 80 90 100 GEETLMEYLE NPKKYIPGTK MIFAGIKKKG EREDLIAYLK KATNE

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	NIH - Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) project Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Strain: Hereford. Tissue: Thymus.
[2]	"The amino acid sequence of bovine heart cytochrome c." Nakashima T., Higa H., Matsubara H., Benson A.M., Yasunobu K.T. J. Biol. Chem. 241:1166-1177(1966) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 2-105, ACETYLATION AT GLY-2. Tissue: Heart.
[3]	"New prospects for an old enzyme: mammalian cytochrome c is tyrosine-phosphorylated in vivo." Lee I., Salomon A.R., Yu K., Doan J.W., Grossman L.I., Huttemann M. Biochemistry 45:9121-9128(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT TYR-49. Tissue: Heart.
[4]	"Mammalian liver cytochrome c is tyrosine-48 phosphorylated in vivo, inhibiting mitochondrial respiration." Yu H., Lee I., Salomon A.R., Yu K., Huttemann M. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1777:1066-1071(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT TYR-98. Tissue: Liver.
[5]	"High resolution X-ray crystallographic structure of bovine heart cytochrome c and its application to the design of an electron transfer biosensor." Mirkin N., Jaconcic J., Stojanoff V., Moreno A. Proteins 70:83-92(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.5 ANGSTROMS) OF 2-105, HEME-BINDING SITES.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Web resources

Protein Spotlight

Life shuttle - Issue 76 of November 2006

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBL
GenBank
DDBJ

BC105397 mRNA. Translation: AAI05398.1.

IPI

IPI00906486.

PIR

CCBO. A92022.

RefSeq

NP_001039526.1. NM_001046061.2.
XP_003582877.1. XM_003582829.1.
XP_003582879.1. XM_003582831.1.
XP_003586721.1. XM_003586673.1.

UniGene

Bt.23981.

3D structure databases

PDBe
RCSB PDB
PDBj

Entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
2B4Z	X-ray	1.50	A	2-105	[»]
2YBB	electron microscopy	19.00	Y	2-105	[»]
3J2T	electron microscopy	9.50	H/I/J/K/L/M/N	2-105	[»]

ProteinModelPortal

P62894.

SMR

P62894. Positions 2-105.

ModBase

Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

DIP

DIP-58978N.

IntAct

P62894. 1 interaction.

STRING

9913.ENSBTAP00000051780.

Proteomic databases

PaxDb

P62894.

PRIDE

P62894.

Protocols and materials databases

StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase

Search...

Genome annotation databases

Ensembl

ENSBTAT00000004594; ENSBTAP00000051780; ENSBTAG00000023823.
ENSBTAT00000007918; ENSBTAP00000007918; ENSBTAG00000022613.

GeneID

100847700.
100850794.
510767.

KEGG

bta:100847700.
bta:100850794.
bta:510767.

Organism-specific databases

CTD

54205.

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOG

COG3474.

GeneTree

ENSGT00390000009405.

HOGENOM

HOG000009762.

HOVERGEN

HBG003023.

InParanoid

P62894.

KO

K08738.

OMA

IAYLKQY.

OrthoDB

EOG45DWQX.

Enzyme and pathway databases

BioCyc

CATTLE:510767-MONOMER.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpress

P62894.

Family and domain databases

InterPro

IPR002327. Cyt_c_1A/1B.
IPR009056. Cyt_c_dom.
IPR003088. Cyt_c_I.
[Graphical view]

PANTHER

PTHR11961. PTHR11961. 1 hit.

Pfam

PF00034. Cytochrom_C. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

PRINTS

PR00604. CYTCHRMECIAB.

SUPFAM

SSF46626. Cytochrome_c. 1 hit.

PROSITE

PS51007. CYTC. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

ProtoNet

Search...

Other

EvolutionaryTrace

P62894.

NextBio

20869605.

Entry information

Entry name

CYC_BOVIN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P62894
Secondary accession number(s): P00006, Q2KJD4

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 21, 1986
Last sequence update:	January 23, 2007
Last modified:	May 29, 2013
This is version 86 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program