P62804 (H4_RAT) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 89.
History...
Clusters with 
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Histone H4 Cleaved into the following chain:
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| Gene names |
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| Organism | Rattus norvegicus (Rat) [Reference proteome] | ||||||||||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 10116 [NCBI] | ||||||||||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Sciurognathi › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Rattus |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 103 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. Osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) stimulates osteogenesis and hematopoiesis. |
| Subunit structure | The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA. |
| Subcellular location | Nucleus. Chromosome. Note: Osteogenic growth peptide is secreted by a mechanism independent from a hydrophobic signal sequence. The mature peptide may be imported into secretory lysosomes by an ABCA1-related protein. Ref.9 |
| Tissue specificity | OGP is found in serum. A potentially OGP-specific transcript is highly expressed in spleen with lower levels in lung, liver, thymus, spinal chord, pituitary gland, adrenal gland, bone marrow and lymph nodes as well as very low levels in kidney, heart and brain. Ref.4 |
| Post-translational modification | Acetylation at Lys-6 (H4K5ac), Lys-9 (H4K8ac), Lys-13 (H4K12ac) and Lys-17 (H4K16ac) occurs in coding regions of the genome but not in heterochromatin By similarity. Citrullination at Arg-4 (H4R3ci) by PADI4 impairs methylation By similarity. Monomethylation and asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-4 (H4R3me1 and H4R3me2a, respectively) by PRMT1 favors acetylation at Lys-9 (H4K8ac) and Lys-13 (H4K12ac). Demethylation is performed by JMJD6. Symmetric dimethylation on Arg-4 (H4R3me2s) by the PRDM1/PRMT5 complex may play a crucial role in the germ-cell lineage By similarity. Monomethylated, dimethylated or trimethylated at Lys-21 (H4K20me1, H4K20me2, H4K20me3). Monomethylation is performed by SET8. Trimethylation is performed by SUV420H1 and SUV420H2 and induces gene silencing By similarity. Ref.6 Phosphorylated by PAK2 at Ser-48 (H4S47ph). This phosphorylation increases the association of H3.3-H4 with the histone chaperone HIRA, thus promoting nucleosome assembly of H3.3-H4 and inhibiting nucleosome assembly of H3.1-H4 By similarity. Ubiquitinated by the CUL4-DDB-RBX1 complex in response to ultraviolet irradiation. This may weaken the interaction between histones and DNA and facilitate DNA accessibility to repair proteins. Monoubiquitinated at Lys-92 of histone H4 (H4K91ub1) in response to DNA damage. The exact role of H4K91ub1 in DNA damage response is still unclear but it may function as a licensing signal for additional histone H4 post-translational modifications such as H4 Lys-21 methylation (H4K20me) By similarity. Sumoylated, which is associated with transcriptional repression By similarity. Crotonylation (Kcr) is specifically present in male germ cells and marks testis-specific genes in post-meiotic cells, including X-linked genes that escape sex chromosome inactivation in haploid cells. Crotonylation marks active promoters and enhancers and confers resistance to transcriptional repressors. It is also associated with post-meiotically activated genes on autosomes By similarity. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the histone H4 family. |
Ontologies
Alternative products
| This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative initiation. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform Histone H4 (identifier: P62804-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform OGP precursor (identifier: P62804-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-84: Missing. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initiator methionine | 1 | 1 | Removed Ref.6 | ||||||
| Chain | 2 – 103 | 102 | Histone H4 | PRO_0000158355 | |||||
| Peptide | 90 – 103 | 14 | Osteogenic growth peptide Ref.9 | PRO_0000225591 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| DNA binding | 17 – 21 | 5 | |||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 2 | 1 | N-acetylserine Ref.6 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 2 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 4 | 1 | Asymmetric dimethylarginine; by PRMT1; alternate By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 4 | 1 | Citrulline; alternate By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 4 | 1 | Omega-N-methylarginine; by PRMT1; alternate By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 4 | 1 | Symmetric dimethylarginine; by PRMT5 and PRMT7; alternate By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 6 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine; alternate By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 6 | 1 | N6-crotonyl-L-lysine; alternate By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 9 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine; alternate By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 9 | 1 | N6-crotonyl-L-lysine; alternate By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 13 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine; alternate By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 13 | 1 | N6-crotonyl-L-lysine; alternate By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 17 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine; alternate Ref.6 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 17 | 1 | N6-crotonyl-L-lysine; alternate By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 21 | 1 | N6,N6,N6-trimethyllysine; alternate By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 21 | 1 | N6,N6-dimethyllysine; alternate Ref.6 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 21 | 1 | N6-methyllysine; alternate Ref.6 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 32 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 48 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by PAK2 By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 52 | 1 | Phosphotyrosine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 89 | 1 | Phosphotyrosine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 92 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine; alternate By similarity | ||||||
| Cross-link | 92 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in ubiquitin); alternate By similarity | |||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 84 | 84 | Missing in isoform OGP precursor. | VSP_018804 | |||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "A rat histone H4 gene closely associated with the testis-specific H1t gene." Grimes S., Weisz-Carrington P., Daum H. III, Smith J., Green L., Wright K., Stein G., Stein J. Exp. Cell Res. 173:534-545(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: Sprague-Dawley. Tissue: Liver. |
| [2] | "Comparison of the structural organization and expression of germinal and somatic rat histone H4 genes." Wolfe S.A., Anderson J.V., Grimes S.R., Stein G.S., Stein J.S. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1007:140-150(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: Sprague-Dawley. |
| [3] | "Protein-DNA interactions within the rat histone H4t promoter." Wolfe S.A., Grimes S.R. J. Biol. Chem. 266:6637-6643(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [4] | "Correlation between the expression of the histone H4 mRNA variant H4-v.1 and the levels of histone H4-(86-100) and H4-(89-102) (OGP) in various rat tissues and alveolar macrophages." Poirier R., Lemaire I., Dumont M., Leduc N., Le H.T., Lemaire S. Peptides 26:1503-1511(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], TISSUE SPECIFICITY. Strain: Sprague-Dawley. Tissue: Spleen. |
| [5] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Prostate. |
| [6] | "Primary structure of glycine-rich and arginine-rich histone isolated from chloroleukemic tumor of the rat." Sautiere P., Tyrou D., Moschetto Y., Biserte G. Biochimie 53:479-483(1971) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 2-103, ACETYLATION AT SER-2 AND LYS-17, METHYLATION AT LYS-21. |
| [7] | "Evidence indicating proximity in the nucleosome between the histone H4 N termini and the globular domain of histone H1." Baneres J.L., Essalouh L., Jariel-Encontre I., Mesnier D., Garrod S., Parello J. J. Mol. Biol. 243:48-59(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 5-14 AND 19-32. Tissue: Liver. |
| [8] | Lubec G., Kang S.U., Lubec S. Submitted (SEP-2007) to UniProtKB Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 61-78, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Strain: Sprague-Dawley. Tissue: Brain. |
| [9] | "Histone H4-related osteogenic growth peptide (OGP): a novel circulating stimulator of osteoblastic activity." Bab I., Gazit D., Chorev M., Muhlrad A., Shteyer A., Greenberg Z., Namdar M., Kahn A. EMBO J. 11:1867-1873(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 90-103, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. |
| [10] | "Biosynthesis of osteogenic growth peptide via alternative translational initiation at AUG85 of histone H4 mRNA." Bab I., Smith E., Gavish H., Attar-Namdar M., Chorev M., Chen Y.C., Muhlrad A., Birnbaum M.J., Stein G., Frenkel B. J. Biol. Chem. 274:14474-14481(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: ALTERNATIVE INITIATION. |
| [11] | "Mass spectrometry-compatible silver staining of histones resolved on acetic acid-urea-Triton PAGE." Pramod K.S., Bharat K., Sanjay G. Proteomics 9:2589-2592(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
Cross-references
Entry information
| Entry name | H4_RAT | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: P62804 Secondary accession number(s): P02304  Q7M0E8 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |