Reviewed,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P62328 (TYB4_HUMAN)
Last modified
March 2, 2010.
Version 61.
History...
Clusters with 100%,
90%,
50% identity |
Documents (4) |
Third-party data |
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Names and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Thymosin beta-4 Short name=T beta-4 Alternative name(s): Fx Cleaved into the following chain:
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| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Complete proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 44 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level. |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Plays an important role in the organization of the cytoskeleton By similarity. Binds to and sequesters actin monomers (G actin) and therefore inhibits actin polymerization. Seraspenide inhibits the entry of hematopoeitic pluripotent stem cells into the S-phase By similarity. |
| Subcellular location | |
| Tissue specificity | Expressed in several hemopoietic cell lines and lymphoid malignant cells. Decreased levels in myeloma cells. Ref.1 |
| Induction | By alpha interferons. Decreased levels in THP-1 cells after treatment with recombinant interferon-lambda. Ref.1 Ref.5 |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the thymosin beta family. |
Ontologies
| Keywords | |
|---|---|
| Cellular component | Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton |
| Ligand | Actin-binding |
| PTM | Acetylation Phosphoprotein |
| Technical term | 3D-structure Complete proteome Direct protein sequencing |
| Gene Ontology (GO) | |
| Biological process | actin cytoskeleton organization Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro sequestering of actin monomersInferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro |
| Cellular component | cytoplasm Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW cytoskeletonInferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell |
| Molecular function | actin binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW |
| Complete GO annotation... | |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initiator methionine | 1 | 1 | Removed Ref.4 | ||||||
| Peptide | 2 – 44 | 43 | Thymosin beta-4 Ref.4 | PRO_0000045920 | |||||
| Peptide | 2 – 5 | 4 | Hematopoietic system regulatory peptide By similarity | PRO_0000034295 | |||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 2 | 1 | N-acetylserine | ||||||
| Modified residue | 4 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine Ref.6 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 12 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine Ref.6 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 23 | 1 | Phosphothreonine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 26 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine Ref.6 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 32 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine Ref.6 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 39 | 1 | N6-acetyllysine Ref.6 | ||||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 12 | 1 | K → P: Very weak actin binding; no inhibition of actin polymerization. | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 16 | 1 | S → A: Binds actin 2.5-fold less than wild-type; little change in inhibition of actin polymerization. | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 16 | 1 | S → AS: Very weak actin binding; no inhibition of actin polymerization. | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 18 | 1 | L → A or P: Very weak actin binding; no inhibition of actin polymerization. | ||||||
Sequences
References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Differential expression of the human thymosin-beta 4 gene in lymphocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes." Gondo H., Kudo J., White J.W., Barr C., Selvanayagam P., Saunders G.F. J. Immunol. 139:3840-3848(1987) [PubMed: 3500230] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], INDUCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. Tissue: Peripheral blood leukocyte. |
| [2] | "Molecular cloning and structural characterization of the functional human thymosin beta4 gene." Yang S.P., Lee H.J., Su Y. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 272:97-105(2005) [PubMed: 16010977] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [3] | "Cloning of human full-length CDSs in BD Creator(TM) system donor vector." Kalnine N., Chen X., Rolfs A., Halleck A., Hines L., Eisenstein S., Koundinya M., Raphael J., Moreira D., Kelley T., LaBaer J., Lin Y., Phelan M., Farmer A. Submitted (MAY-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. |
| [4] | "Thymosin beta 4 and Fx, an actin-sequestering peptide, are indistinguishable." Safer D., Elzinga M., Nachmias V.T. J. Biol. Chem. 266:4029-4032(1991) [PubMed: 1999398] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 2-44, INTERACTION WITH ACTIN. |
| [5] | "Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of interferon-induced gene expression in human cells." Friedman R.L., Manly S.P., McMahon M., Kerr I.M., Stark G.R. Cell 38:745-755(1984) [PubMed: 6548414] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 8-44, INDUCTION. |
| [6] | "Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions." Choudhary C., Kumar C., Gnad F., Nielsen M.L., Rehman M., Walther T., Olsen J.V., Mann M. Science 325:834-840(2009) [PubMed: 19608861] [Abstract] Cited for: ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT LYS-4; LYS-12; LYS-26; LYS-32 AND LYS-39, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [7] | "Structural requirements for thymosin beta4 in its contact with actin. An NMR-analysis of thymosin beta4 mutants in solution and correlation with their biological activity." Simenel C., Van Troys M., Vandekerckhove J., Ampe C., Delepierre M. Eur. J. Biochem. 267:3530-3538(2000) [PubMed: 10848969] [Abstract] Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR OF WILD-TYPE AND OF MUTANTS LYS-12; SER-16 AND LEU-18 IN COMPLEX WITH ACTIN. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | M17733 mRNA. Translation: AAA36745.1. AJ295158 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAC43317.1. BT007090 mRNA. Translation: AAP35753.1. X02493 mRNA. Translation: CAA26323.1. | ||||||||||||
| IPI | IPI00220828. | ||||||||||||
| PIR | A38682. I56000. | ||||||||||||
| RefSeq | NP_066932.1. | ||||||||||||
| UniGene | Hs.522584 Hs.703237 | ||||||||||||
3D structure databases | |||||||||||||
| PDBe RCSB PDB PDBj |
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| SMR | P62328. Positions 2-41. | ||||||||||||
| DisProt | DP00357. | ||||||||||||
| ModBase | Search... | ||||||||||||
Protein-protein interaction databases | |||||||||||||
| IntAct | P62328. 8 interactions. | ||||||||||||
| STRING | P62328. | ||||||||||||
PTM databases | |||||||||||||
| PhosphoSite | P62328. | ||||||||||||
2-D gel databases | |||||||||||||
| DOSAC-COBS-2DPAGE | P62328. | ||||||||||||
Proteomic databases | |||||||||||||
| PRIDE | P62328. | ||||||||||||
Genome annotation databases | |||||||||||||
| Ensembl | ENST00000380633; ENSP00000370007; ENSG00000205542; Homo sapiens. [Genome view] ENST00000380635; ENSP00000370009; ENSG00000205542; Homo sapiens. [Genome view] ENST00000380636; ENSP00000370010; ENSG00000205542; Homo sapiens. [Genome view] ENST00000380638; ENSP00000370012; ENSG00000205542; Homo sapiens. [Genome view] ENST00000451311; ENSP00000414376; ENSG00000205542; Homo sapiens. [Genome view] | ||||||||||||
| GeneID | 7114. | ||||||||||||
| KEGG | hsa:7114. | ||||||||||||
| UCSC | uc004cvf.1. human. | ||||||||||||
Organism-specific databases | |||||||||||||
| CTD | 7114. | ||||||||||||
| GeneCards | GC0XP012903. | ||||||||||||
| H-InvDB | HIX0016658. HIX0030597. HIX0031489. HIX0040813. | ||||||||||||
| HGNC | HGNC:11881. TMSB4X. | ||||||||||||
| MIM | 300159. gene. | ||||||||||||
| PharmGKB | PA36581. | ||||||||||||
| GenAtlas | Search... | ||||||||||||
Phylogenomic databases | |||||||||||||
| HOVERGEN | HBG012534. | ||||||||||||
| InParanoid | P62328. | ||||||||||||
Enzyme and pathway databases | |||||||||||||
| Reactome | REACT_604. Hemostasis. | ||||||||||||
Gene expression databases | |||||||||||||
| ArrayExpress | P62328. | ||||||||||||
| Bgee | P62328. | ||||||||||||
| CleanEx | HS_TMSB4X. | ||||||||||||
| Genevestigator | P62328. | ||||||||||||
| GermOnline | ENSG00000205542. Homo sapiens. | ||||||||||||
Family and domain databases | |||||||||||||
| InterPro | IPR001152. Thymosin_b4. IPR016323. Thymosin_b4_chordata. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| Gene3D | G3DSA:1.20.5.520. Thymosin_b4. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||
| Pfam | PF01290. Thymosin. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| PIRSF | PIRSF001828. Thymosin_beta. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||
| ProDom | PD005116. Thymosin_b4. 1 hit. [Graphical view] [Entries sharing at least one domain] | ||||||||||||
| SMART | SM00152. THY. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| PROSITE | PS00500. THYMOSIN_B4. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| ProtoNet | Search... | ||||||||||||
Other Resources | |||||||||||||
| NextBio | 27851. | ||||||||||||
| SOURCE | Search... | ||||||||||||
Entry information
| Entry name | TYB4_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: P62328 Secondary accession number(s): P01253 Q9UE55 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation project | HPI (Human Proteome Initiative) | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome X Human chromosome X: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| PDB cross-references Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with


