P61409 (AF2_GRARO) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
March 6, 2013.
Version 33.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Kappa-theraphotoxin-Gr2c Short name=Kappa-TRTX-Gr2c Alternative name(s): GsAF II Short name=GsAFII Mechanotoxin-alpha |
| Organism | Grammostola rosea (Chilean rose tarantula) (Grammostola spatulata) |
| Taxonomic identifier | 432528 [NCBI] |
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Ecdysozoa › Arthropoda › Chelicerata › Arachnida › Araneae › Mygalomorphae › Theraphosidae › Grammostola![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 81 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Inhibits sodium channels Nav1.1/SCN1A, Nav1.2/SCN2A, Nav1.4/SCN4A, Nav1.6/SCN8A, Nav1.7/SCN9A, potassium channels Kv11.1/KCNH2, as well as high-voltage-gated calcium channels Cav1.2/CACNA1C. Also blocks mechanosensitive ion channels (also named stretch-activated channels or SACs) and the hypotonic cell swelling induced calcium increase associated with the activation of such channels. It can thus be useful in treating cardiac ventricular disturbances. Also induces analgesia in mammals. This analgesia is probably mediated by a non-opioid receptor related mechanism. Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.3 Ref.4 |
| Subcellular location | |
| Tissue specificity | |
| Domain | The presence of a 'disulfide through disulfide knot' structurally defines this protein as a knottin By similarity. |
| Miscellaneous | This toxin does not have effect on sodium channels Nav1.3/SCN3A (IC50=24 µM) and Nav1.5/SCN5A (IC50>40 µM), and potassium channels Kv1.1/KCNA1, Kv1.4/KCNA4, Kv11.2/KCNH6 and Kv11.3/KCNH7 (IC50>200 µM) (Ref.4). |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the phrixotoxin family. |
| Mass spectrometry | Molecular mass is 3979.9 Da from positions 51 - 81. Determined by ESI. Ref.2 Ref.3 |
Ontologies
| Keywords | |
|---|---|
| Cellular component | Secreted |
| Domain | Knottin Signal |
| Molecular function | Calcium channel inhibitor Ion channel impairing toxin Potassium channel inhibitor Sodium channel inhibitor Toxin |
| PTM | Disulfide bond |
| Technical term | Direct protein sequencing |
| Gene Ontology (GO) | |
| Cellular_component | extracellular region Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell |
| Molecular_function | calcium channel inhibitor activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW potassium channel inhibitor activityInferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW sodium channel inhibitor activityInferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW |
| Complete GO annotation... | |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Signal peptide | 1 – 19 | 19 | Potential | ||||||||
| Propeptide | 20 – 50 | 31 | PRO_0000414298 | ||||||||
| Peptide | 51 – 81 | 31 | Kappa-theraphotoxin-Gr2c Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.3 Ref.4 | PRO_0000045016 | |||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 52 ↔ 66 | By similarity | |||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 59 ↔ 71 | By similarity | |||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 65 ↔ 75 | By similarity | |||||||||
Experimental info | |||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 81 | 1 | Missing AA sequence Ref.1 | ||||||||
Sequences
References
| [1] | "Characterization of voltage-dependent calcium channel blocking peptides from the venom of the tarantula Grammostola rosea." Ono S., Kimura T., Kubo T. Toxicon 58:265-276(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 51-81, FUNCTION. Tissue: Venom and Venom gland. |
| [2] | "Analgesic peptides from venom of Grammostola spatulata and use thereof." Lampe R.A. Patent number US5877026, 02-MAR-1999 Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 51-81, FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Venom. |
| [3] | "Antiarrhythmic peptide from venom of spider Grammostola spatulata." Lampe R.A. Patent number US5968838, 19-OCT-1999 Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 51-81, FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Venom. |
| [4] | "Target promiscuity and heterogeneous effects of tarantula venom peptides affecting Na+ and K+ ion channels." Redaelli E., Cassulini R.R., Silva D.F., Clement H., Schiavon E., Zamudio F.Z., Odell G., Arcangeli A., Clare J.J., Alagon A., de la Vega R.C., Possani L.D., Wanke E. J. Biol. Chem. 285:4130-4142(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 51-81, MASS SPECTROMETRY, FUNCTION, TOXIN TARGET. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | AB612242 mRNA. Translation: BAK55734.1. |
3D structure databases | |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Organism-specific databases | |
| ArachnoServer | AS000027. kappa-theraphotoxin-Gr2c. |
Family and domain databases | |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | AF2_GRARO | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: P61409 Secondary accession number(s): F8WQV7 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Animal Toxin Annotation Program | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Recent format changes Overview of recent format changes |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
